春栽大白菜品种筛选与栽培技术探讨

从国内外引进１５个结球大白菜品种,春季在田间进行鉴定,筛选出适应于温州地区春季低温栽培的较优良品种夏胜、早熟６号和春大将,并对其播种期、增施磷肥效果及不同栽培方式进行了研究。     

根癌农杆菌介导白细胞介素-4基因转化甘蓝(Brassica oleracea L.)研究

利用根癌农杆菌介导法,以白细胞介素-4(interleukin-4,IL-4)基因转化中甘11号甘蓝.本研究对可能影响il-4转化率的外植体类型、外植体的预培养时间、农杆菌的侵染时间以及外植体与农杆菌的共培养时间进行了优化.试验结果表明:il-4基因对带1～2 mm子叶柄的子叶的转化率显著高于下胚轴;带柄子叶在预培养1 d、侵染3 min、共培养1 d时,转化效果最好,转化率达23.3%;下胚轴在预培养1～3 d,侵染3～5 min,共培养1～2 d时,转化效果较好,转化率最高可达13.3%.经PCR检测及PCR-Southern杂交,初步证明目的基因il-4已经转入甘蓝的再生植株.转il-4基因甘蓝的PCR阳性再生植株已经开花并产生了后代.     

大白菜杂种优势预测研究

利用8份不同遗传类型的大白菜材料,按Griffing方法Ⅱ配制不完全双列杂交,考察生育期、叶球重、净菜率、软叶率、抗病性(病毒病发病率、病毒病发病指数、霜霉病发病率、霜霉病发病指数)、粗纤维含量、可溶性糖含量等性状,分析亲本的一般配合力与杂种的特殊配合力,得出亲本选择的规律,即:若要获得具有优势的后代,亲本之一必须有优势。     

New host resistances to Pseudocercosporella capsellae and implications for white leaf spot management in Brassicaceae crops

Effective host resistance is the most cost-effective long term prospect for successful management of white leaf spot disease (Pseudocercosporella capsellae) in Brassicaceae. In two separate field trials, 168 genotypes were screened. In the first trial, lines of Brassica oleracea var. capitata (59), Brassica napus (34), Brassica juncea (6) and B. juncea containing wild weedy Brassicaceae introgression(s) (14) were arranged; and in the second, Australian historic and current B. napus (45) and B. juncea (10) varieties were screened. There was wide variation in expression of resistance, from complete resistance to highly susceptible as assessed by two disease parameters, viz. (i), Area Under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) for percent leaves diseased (values 0–221.2) and (ii) Percent Leaf Collapse Index (%LCI) values for leaf collapse due to disease (0–38.7). Brassica oleracea var. capitata was overall the most resistant species, while B. juncea the most susceptible with the majority having AUDPC values >75 and B. napus was intermediate. Five B. oleracea var. capitata genotypes were completely resistant, with 0 AUDPC and %LCI values. Pioneer^® 45Y22 (RR) ‘Mystic’ and ‘Wahoo’ were also highly resistant, with the least %LCI (<3.7) and AUDPC (<20) of the Australian B. napus varieties. In contrast, ‘Thunder TT’ (AUDPC -133.6; %CLI – 15.6) and ‘Carbine’ (AUDPC – 73.8; %CLI – 12.5) were the most susceptible lines in first and second trials, respectively. The particularly high susceptibility of newly released B. juncea varieties such as ‘Xceed OasisCL’ highlights the risk of significant losses in such susceptible varieties when deployed in areas with high degree of pressure for white leaf spot disease. There was no association between AUDPC or % CLI with year of Australian varietal release, indicating that Australian breeding programs not made improvement for resistance to white leaf spot over the past two or more decades. Resistant varieties identified in this experiment can now not only be utilized in breeding programs to significantly improve overall crop resistance and management of white leaf spot disease, but also directly deployed to lower the severe inoculum load challenging current varieties.     

早熟春甘蓝新品种春甘2号的选育

春甘2号是以CMS02胞质雄性不育系为母本,以95019-1-8-5自交系为父本配制的甘蓝一代杂种。早熟,从定植到收获50 d（天）左右,株型半开展,开展度45 cm,外叶数较少,约13片,绿色,叶面蜡粉少,叶缘有轻波纹,无缺刻。叶球绿色,紧实,圆球形,球高14.6 cm,横径14.1 cm,中心柱长5.2 cm,单球质量1.0 kg左右,质地脆嫩,不易裂球,冬性较强,耐先期抽薹。每667 m2产量3 900 kg左右,适于华北、西北、东北地区春季种植。     

黔西北地区夏秋反季节甘蓝菜青虫消长调查及防治

对贵州省大方县夏秋反季节甘蓝菜青虫发生为害进行了调查及药剂防效试验。调查结果表明,甘蓝菜青虫消长呈现明显的双峰曲线,发生盛期出现在8月10日至9月14日,高峰日在8月25日和9月14日。5种农药中1.8%阿维菌素乳油、40%辛硫磷乳油和25%快杀灵乳油防效较好,防效分别为89.19%～97.27%,89.26%～94.33%和87.55%～90.26%。     

甘蓝白化种荚基因alb1的遗传与转录组分析

采用石蜡切片技术研究甘蓝白化种荚材料alb1的细胞学特征,结果表明白化种荚细胞形态发育异常,细胞壁畸形、细胞界限不明显。遗传分析结果表明,绿荚∶白荚的分离比为3∶1,白荚性状是由1对隐性基因控制的。利用转录组测序技术分析白化种荚突变体alb1及绿荚芥蓝TO1000的基因表达情况,筛选获得4 530个差异表达基因,其中2 569个基因上调表达,1 961个基因下调表达;这些基因主要涉及核糖体、植物激素信号转导、脂肪酸链伸长等生物学过程,植物激素信号转导对细胞形态建成尤为重要,可能是引起细胞发育畸形,出现白化种荚的重要原因。     

甘蓝花蕾小孢子发育同步性影响因素初步探讨

为了提高甘蓝单花蕾小孢子发育同步性,完善游离小孢子培养技术体系,对小孢子供体植株通过整枝、NAA处理和增施微肥3种处理对其影响因素进行初步探究。结果表明,只留一级侧枝(CL2)能有效提高花蕾小孢子发育同步性;1 000mg/L(N2)质量浓度的NAA处理后也能显著提高花蕾小孢子发育同步性;增施质量分数0.1%的微肥后,单核靠边期最大比率可达76.0%,比对照(35.6%)有极显著的提高。     

春甘蓝耐抽薹性研究进展

对近年来国内外有关甘蓝的春化、抽薹特性以及鉴定方法的研究进行了综述,并结合育种现状对以后春甘蓝耐抽薹育种提出了展望.     

3%阿维·氟铃脲乳油对甘蓝小菜蛾的田间药效试验

近年甘蓝小菜蛾发生比较猖獗,目前主要防治药剂是2%阿维菌素,根据农业部药检所登记试验要求在甘蓝上摸索试验药剂3%阿维.氟铃脲乳油的最佳防治效果的浓度。试验结果表明,高浓度的3%阿维.氟铃脲乳油处理(用药量45 g/667 m2,有效成分20.25 g/hm2)防治甘蓝小菜蛾效果最好,药后7 d防效达到最高96.63%,显著高于其他处理。