外源H_2S缓解黄瓜种子萌发过程中干旱胁迫伤害的生理机制

以黄瓜品种‘新津研四号’为材料,1mmol·L~(-1) NaHS为H_2S供体,采用质量分数为10%聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)模拟干旱胁迫,研究外源H_2S缓解黄瓜种子萌发过程中干旱胁迫伤害的机制。结果表明,H_2S可以显著提高干旱胁迫下黄瓜种子的发芽势、发芽率、胚轴长、根长和鲜质量;显著增加脯氨酸和可溶性糖的质量分数,提高种子淀粉酶和酯酶活性,还能诱导增强超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性,并降低丙二醛(MDA)的质量摩尔浓度和质膜透性。即外源H_2S可以通过调节渗透调节物质的质量分数,增强水解酶和抗氧化保护酶的活性来有效缓解干旱胁迫对萌发黄瓜种子造成的伤害,促进种子的萌发生长。     

‘晋大麦（啤）2号’不同播期密度与产量关系的探讨

通过探讨‘晋大麦（啤）2 号’在当地生态环境下的最佳综合配套高产栽培技术,为推广种植本品种获得高产高效提供科学的理论依据。对该品种进行了不同播期、密度与产量关系的研究,以明确产量与播期、播量的关系。结果表明：播量从60.00~120.00 kg/hm2范围内,随播量增加产量随之提高,变幅在6186.98~6573.66 kg/hm2,反之,播量再高时,产量降低。播期以9 月30 日至10 月5 日产量较高,变幅为6600.33~6693.67 kg/hm2,随之播期推迟产量变低。选择适宜的播期和播量,对‘晋大麦（啤）2 号’品种获得高产至关重要。     

PGPB对红树植物木榄幼苗的接种效应

通过盆栽试验研究了植物促生菌(PGPB)对红树植物木榄幼苗的接种效应,供试菌为6种解磷菌(即B.amy,Vib,B.atr,Xan,B.Lic,P.M.)和5种固氮菌(即Au4,Phy,24S,JA4,cd),结果表明:(1)分别接种6种解磷菌株6个月后木榄幼苗的生长均得到了不同程度的促进,与对照相比,木榄苗高增加21.57%～9.54%,生物量增加27.49%～20.32%,叶片的氮含量增加33.33%～1.35%,叶片的磷含量增加24.42%～2.04%;经差异显著性检验,B.amy和Vib 2个菌种对木榄幼苗的促生效应比其它解磷菌株更明显;(2)分别接种5种固氮菌株6个月后木榄幼苗的生长均得到了促进,与对照相比,木榄幼苗的均高增加24.07%～10.22%,生物量增加32.36%～19.71%,叶片的氮含量增加23.39%～4.05%,叶片的磷含量增加32.79%～4.99%;差异显著性检验表明:Au4和Phy 2个菌种对木榄幼苗的促生效果比其它固氮菌更显著.     

猪圆环病毒2型高免卵黄抗体的研制与应用

为制备猪圆环病毒2型(porcine circovirus serotype2,PCV-2)高免卵黄抗体,并对其治疗效果进行研究,通过自制猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)灭活苗,免疫SPF产蛋鸡,收集高免蛋,制备PCV-2高免卵黄抗体,对高免卵黄抗体进行无菌检验、活体动物安全性检测,用琼脂扩散方法进行效价检验和人工感染保育猪治疗试验,并将其应用于临床实践,观察其治疗效果。结果抗体效价达到1∶64;人工感染治疗试验治愈率达100%;临床试验治愈率为96%,应用效果良好。     

京海黄鸡柔嫩艾美尔球虫感染对脾脏和盲肠IL-6、IL-8、CCLi2基因表达量的影响及其相关性

白介素6(IL-6)、白介素8(IL-8)和CC趋化因子配体2(CCLi2)3种细胞因子在炎症反应以及机体免疫方面发挥重要作用。为了揭示球虫感染对脾脏和盲肠中IL-6、IL-8和CCLi2的表达量的影响,以京海黄鸡(Gallus gallus)为试验材料,设球虫感染组和非感染的对照组,利用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测了脾脏与盲肠组织中IL-6、IL-8和CCLi2的mRNA的相对表达量,比较同一组织感染组与对照组间3个基因表达量的差异,同时分析同一处理组的同一组织内、不同组织间3个基因表达量的相关性。研究结果表明:感染组脾脏组织IL-6、IL-8和CCLi2三个基因的表达量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),其中IL-6基因达极显著水平(P<0.01);感染组盲肠组织中IL-6、IL-8和CCLi2的表达量均极显著地高于对照组(P<0.01)。相关性分析结果表明,感染组脾脏组织中IL-6、IL-8和CCLi2的表达量之间均存在极显著的正相关(P<0.01);在感染组盲肠组织中IL-8、CCLi2与IL-6基因的表达量存在极显著的正相关(P<0.01),但IL-8与CCLi2基因表达量相关不显著(P>0.05);在对照组脾脏组织中,IL-6、IL-8与CCLi2间存在极显著的正相关(P<0.01),其他基因间相关均不显著(P>0.05);对照组盲肠组织中IL-6、IL-8和CCLi2之间均存在极显著的正相关(P<0.01);此外,无论感染组还是对照组,脾脏和盲肠组织间3个基因的表达量相关性均不显著(P>0.05)。以上结果表明,IL-6、IL-8和CCLi2可能在京海黄鸡球虫感染过程中发挥重要作用,研究结果对进一步探讨这3个基因在球虫病抗病育种中的作用提供了依据,对京海黄鸡球虫病抗病育种具有重要意义。     

高能混合粒子场诱变小麦的细胞学效应研究

利用北京正负电子对撞机直线加速器E2束流打靶产生高能混合粒子场,以0、109、145、1952、84和560Gy的剂量处理两个冬小麦品种ZY9和ZH7,并与相同剂量的60Coγ射线相比较,研究其细胞学效应。试验结果表明,混合粒子场辐照小麦种子可抑制根尖细胞有丝分裂,诱发染色体出现单微核、双微核、多微核、环状染色体、落后染色体、游离染色体、染色体断片等多种畸变类型。混合粒子场与γ射线诱发的微核畸变率和染色体畸变率均存在明显的剂量效应,但混合粒子场的损伤效应明显高于γ射线。混合粒子场可诱发高频率的环状染色体和染色体断片,显示出混合粒子场处理小麦具有比γ射线处理更高的相对生物学效应。     

Impact of land degradation on soil respiration in a steppe (Stipa tenacissima L.) semi-arid ecosystem in the SE of Spain

Climate change scenarios predict increases in temperature, changes in precipitation patterns, and longer drought periods in most semi-arid regions of the world. Ecosystems in these regions are prone to land degradation, which may be aggravated by climate change. Soil respiration is one of the main processes responsible for organic carbon losses from arid and semi-arid ecosystems. We measured soil respiration over one year in two steppe ecosystems having different degrees of land degradation under three ground-covers: with vegetation, bare soil, and an intermediate situation between plants and bare soil.The largest differences in soil respiration rates between the sites were observed in spring, coinciding with the highest level of plant activity. The degraded site had drier and hotter soils with less soil water availability and a longer drought period. As a result, vegetation on the degraded site did not respond to spring rainfall events. Soil respiration showed a strong seasonal variability, with average annual rates of 1.1 and 0.8 μmol CO₂ m⁻² s⁻¹ in the natural and degraded sites, respectively. We did not observe significant differences in soil respiration rates associated with ground-cover i.e., the temporal variation was much larger than the spatial variation. At both sites, soil moisture was the controlling driver of soil respiration for most of the year, when temperatures were above 20 °C and constrained the response to temperature for the few months when the temperature was below 20 °C. An empirical model based on soil temperature and soil moisture explained 90% and 72% of the seasonal variability of soil respiration on the natural and degraded sites, respectively. For the first time, this study suggests that land degradation may alter the carbon balance of these ecosystems through changes in the temporal dynamics of soil respiration and plant productivity, which have important negative consequences for ecosystem functioning and sustainability.     

硅对盐胁迫下黄瓜幼苗根系质膜、液泡膜酶活性的影响

研究硅对盐胁迫下黄瓜幼苗生长及根细胞质膜H^＋-ATPase、液泡膜H^＋-ATPase、H^＋-PPase和Ca^2＋-ATPase活性的影响。结果表明：盐胁迫严重抑制黄瓜幼苗生长,根细胞质膜H^＋-ATPase、液泡膜H^＋-ATPase、H^＋-PPase和Ca^2＋-ATPase活性明显降低。硅处理明显提高盐胁迫黄瓜根液泡膜H^＋-ATPase、H^＋-PPase、Ca^2＋-ATPase活性,一定程度上维持了液泡膜质子泵活性,有效地防御了细胞质酸化,这可能是硅提高黄瓜耐盐性的一个重要因素。     

Effect of tetrandrine on radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells

AIM: To investigate the mechanism of the radiosensitizing effect of maximum non-cytotoxic doses of tetrandrine (Tet) on nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines CNE1 and CNE2.METHODS: The cells were treated with ma-ximum non-cytotoxic doses of Tet (for CNE1 cells at 1.5 μmol/L and for CNE2 cells at 1.8 μmol/L), irradiation at 4 Gy, or combination of irradiation and maximum non-cytotoxic doses of Tet. The cell cycle distribution was analyzed by flow cytometry. The protein levels of γ-H2AX, cleaved caspase-3, p-CDC25C, CDK1, p-CDK1, cyclin B1, ERK and p-ERK were determined by Western blot.RESULTS: The expression of γ-H2AX was increased in CNE1 cells and CNE2 cells after combined treatment with irradiation and maximum non-cytotoxic doses of Tet. The percentages of CNE1 cells and CNE2 cells at G₂/M phase in irradiation group were (18.09±0.42)% and (18.48±1.32)%, respectively, which were decreased to (15.88±1.04)% and (13.80±0.82)% in combined treatment group, respectively (P<0.05). Combined treatment enhanced the increase in the protein level of cleaved caspase-3 caused by irradiation. The protein levels of p-CDC25C and p-CDK1 were increased in a dose-dependent manner by Tet treatment (P<0.05), while the expression of CDK1 showed no difference among different doses of Tet treatments. The protein levels of p-CDC25C, p-CDK1 and CDK1 showed no difference after the treatment with maximum non-cytotoxic doses of Tet. The combined treatment with irradiation and the maximum non-cytotoxic doses of Tet decreased the protein levels of p-CDC25C and p-CDK1 (P<0.05), increased the expression of cyclin B1, and had no influence on the expression of CDK1 (P<0.05). The combined treatment resulted in an increase in the protein level of p-ERK1 (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The maximum non-cytotoxic doses of Tet enhance the DNA damage and apoptosis in CNE1 cells and CNE2 cells caused by irradiation, and the mechanism might be associated with ending of G₂/M arrest via activation of ERK/CDC25C/CDK1/cyclin B1 pathways.     

高温诱导银白杨花粉染色体加倍研究

以银白杨为试验材料,在掌握小孢子母细胞减数分裂规律的基础上采用高温处理诱导花粉染色体加倍,对不同处理温度和处理持续时间在不同减数分裂时期的诱导效果进行了研究。结果表明：温室水培条件下,银白杨完成小孢子母细胞减数分裂大约需3~4d,不同时期和花药颜色变化有相关性;高温诱导银白杨2n花粉的最佳时期是中期Ⅰ,处理条件为36℃持续4h,最高2n花粉百分率39.6%,平均2n花粉百分率32.75%。高温处理后导致银白杨散粉延迟,相对于同一环境条件下的正常花芽散粉晚大约2~3d, 且花粉量很少。