Impacts of Sletr1-1 and Sletr1-2 mutations on the hybrid seed quality of tomatoes

Shelf life is an important breeding trait in tomato, especially for the tomato production in subtropical and tropical regions. Previously we have isolated and characterized ethylene receptor mutants, Sletr1-1 and Sletr1-2 from mutant population based on Micro-Tom cultivar. Sletr1-1 showed insensitivity to ethylene while Sletr1-2 showed reduced sensitivity to ethylene. We also have demonstrated that the traits are useful for extending fruit shelf life of the hybrid tomato cultivars. For commercializing the hybrid cultivars, the seed quality is another important trait. In this study, we evaluated the effects of the Sletr1-1 and Sletr1-2 mutations on the seed quality characteristics of F_1 hybrid lines generated by crossing Sletr1-1 and Sletr1-2 with three commercial tomato cultivars, Intan, Mutiara and Ratna. Sletr1-1 mutation conferred insensitivity to ethylene in the F_1 hybrid seedlings, resulting in negative effects including reduced germination rate, vigor index and emergence speed index. Interestingly Sletr1-2 mutation had almost no effect on the seed quality characteristics of the F_1 hybrid lines, suggesting that Sletr1-2 was suitable for producing high quality of hybrid seeds.     

优质抗早衰粳型光温敏核不育系L62S的选育

L62S是以DS为不育基因供体,与抗早衰、株型好的常规稻品种隆粳62号杂交选育而成的粳型光温敏核不育系,2011年9月通过天津市种子管理站成果鉴定.L62S茎秆韧性强,分蘖力强,成穗率高,偏紧穗型;不育起点温度较低(≤23.0℃),不育期间不育株率100％,套袋自交结实率＜0.1％;柱头较大,柱头外露率40％左右,其中双边外露率13％,异交结实率较高;米质优,抗早衰能力强.     

不同轮作模式下氮肥用量对土壤有机氮组分的影响

通过三年六季的田间定位试验,对比研究了水旱轮作(水稻/油菜)和旱地轮作(棉花/油菜)下氮肥用量对土壤有机氮含量及其组分的影响。结果表明,经过三年轮作后,周年轮作氮肥投入超过300 kg hm~(-2)(以纯氮计,下同)的处理0~20 cm土壤全氮含量明显增加。与不施氮处理相比,周年氮肥用量为300 kg hm~(-2)和375 kg hm~(-2)水旱轮作处理0~20 cm土壤全氮含量增加了13.6%~23.5%,而旱地轮作处理则增加了15.0%~23.0%,土壤酸解态氮含量增加是土壤全氮变化的主要原因。两种轮作模式下土壤酸解态氮含量无显著差异,但土壤酸解态氮各组分的变化却不相同。水旱轮作中酸解铵态氮增加的比例(33.8%)低于旱地轮作(53.9%),但其酸解未知态氮含量增加的比例(36.0%)高于旱地轮作(16.6%)。综上所述,周年氮肥合理施用能明显提高土壤有机氮含量,水旱和旱地轮作下土壤酸解态氮库各组分变化差异明显。根据不同轮作模式下土壤有机氮库转化特点,优化氮肥施用对于提高作物产量和氮肥利用率具有重要意义。     

利用基因组发掘技术指导链霉菌SH-62中活性天然产物的分离及鉴定

通过生物信息学分析,利用基因组发掘技术发现链霉菌SH-62基因组中至少含有37个次级代谢产物的生物合成基因簇,除了有4个基因簇分别与已知的肠道菌素、潮霉素A、尼日利亚菌素和格尔德霉素的生物合成基因簇具有高度同源性以外,其他基因簇的功能鲜见报道。在不同发酵培养基上培养链霉菌SH-62,利用高分辨率的LC-MS对发酵产物进行分析,发现链霉菌SH-62确实能够产生肠道菌素、潮霉素A和尼日利亚菌素,从而证明了基因组发掘策略确实能够指导代谢产物的分离及鉴定。     

大白专门化品系W62系的选育

2001年从法国伊彼得种猪优选公司引进的大白公猪23头、母猪115头,同年从北京养猪育种中心引进的法系大白公猪6头、母猪78头,合并组成基础群,在清远原种场进行选育。采用开放式闭锁繁育方法,期间引入外血,优化血缘血统,加强种猪体型、繁殖性能的选育。经过近10年的选育,培育成了W62系,具有体型高长、产仔数高的突出特点,适合作为高产和大体重上市配套系。     

猪I型补体受体与C3b活性片段相互结合的体外检测

【目的】检测猪红细胞类补体受体I型（Complement receptor 1-like,CR1-like）与C3b活性片段能否发生结合,以期为阐明猪红细胞发挥免疫粘附功能的分子机理提供科学数据。【方法】利用前期已构建的CR1-like_(3-6)、CR1-like_(8-11)功能域片段的重组质粒建立酵母双杂交检测体系,运用酵母共转化的方法将诱饵质粒（重组pGBKT7-CR1-like）与捕获质粒（重组pGADT7-C3b）共同转入Y2HGold酵母细胞中,分别利用一缺平板SD/-Leu、SD/-Trp和二缺平板SD/-Leu/-Trp（DDO）严格筛选共转化成功的酵母细胞,再根据报告因子是否表达来鉴别转化子在SD/-Leu/-Trp/X-α-Gal（DDO/X）、SD/-Leu/-Trp/X-α-Gal/Aba（DDO/X/A）二缺培养板上的生长情况,并结合菌落的颜色变化现象综合判定CR1-like活性片段与补体C3b在酵母细胞中是否发生相互结合;然后运用免疫沉淀技术分离酵母细胞中CR1-like与C3b结合复合物,并对该复合物的特异性进行Western blot鉴定。【结果】试验成功将pGBKT7-CR1-like与pGADT7-C3b基因共转入Y2HGold酵母细胞。共转化的酵母克隆在SD/-Leu、SD/-Trp、DDO平板上能够正常生长,在DDO/X、DDO/X/A平板上正常生长且菌落呈现蓝色,由此表明,试验中酵母双杂交系统建立成功,并通过试验获得了阳性酵母克隆。共同转化了pGBKT7-CR1-like和pGADT7-C3b质粒的酵母菌落PCR反向鉴定结果显示,在共转化的酵母菌中含有目的基因CR1-like_(3-6)和CR1-like_(8-11),共转化组的质粒酶切后出现C3b基因片段,与设计大小一致,说明重组质粒成功共转化入酵母细胞中。免疫沉淀试验中应用pGBKT7载体的标签抗体c-Myc沉淀酵母细胞中的融合蛋白,以c-Myc为一抗进行Western blot检测发现,单独转化了pGBKT7-CR1-like_(3-6)和pGBKT7-CR1-like_(8-11)的融合蛋白在50 kD处出现特异性条带;共转化pGBKT7-CR1-like_(3-6) + pGADT7-C3b和共转化pGBKT7-CR1-like_(8-11) + pGADT7-C3b的酵母融合蛋白在83 kD处出现特异性条带;以HA单克隆抗体为一抗进行Western blot检测时,在pGBKT7-CR1-like_(3-6)和pGBKT7-CR1-like_(8-11)融合蛋白中没有出现特异性条带,只有3、4泳道中共转化的酵母融合蛋白在83 kD处出现特异性条带,表明在Y2HGold酵母细胞中存在CR1-like与C3b识别结合的复合物。使用CR1-like单克隆抗体沉淀酵母细胞中的融合蛋白,以CR1-like单克隆抗体为一抗进行Western blot检测发现,单独转化了pGBKT7-CR1-like_(3-6)和pGBKT7-CR1-like_(8-11)的融合蛋白在50 kD处出现特异性条带;共转化pGBKT7-CR1-like_(3-6) + pGADT7-C3b和共转化pGBKT7-CR1-like_(8-11) + pGADT7-C3b的酵母融合蛋白在83 kD处出现特异性条带;以C3单克隆抗体为一抗进行Western blot检测发现,在pGBKT7-CR1-like_(3-6)和pGBKT7-CR1-like_(8-11)融合蛋白中没有出现特异性条带,泳道3、4所示只有共转化的酵母融合蛋白在83 kD处出现特异性条带,表明在Y2HGold酵母细胞中存在具有生物活性的CR1-like与C3b识别结合的复合物。通过多个单克隆抗体杂交结果,可看出诱饵质粒的表达产物CR1-like_(3-6)、CR1-like_(8-11)片段与捕获质粒的表达产物C3b片段可在酵母细胞内发生结合。【结论】猪红细胞CR1-like发挥免疫粘附功能的识别配体为C3b,为猪红细胞CR1-like功能域分子结构的进一步解析提供了重要数据依据。     

江优明62在永安市种植表现及高产栽培技术

江优明62是由福建省三明市农科所、江西省农科院水稻所、福建六三种业共同选育的杂交水稻新品种,于2010年通过福建省品种审定,2011—2013年在永安市示范推广,表现优质、高产、抗病、抗逆性强。介绍了江优明62在永安市示范种植表现及高产栽培技术。     

荧光假单孢菌的生防遗传改良

综述了荧光假单孢菌生物防治方面的分子生物学研究进展，提出了通过遗传工程手段进一步改良的可行途径。     

Role of CRIF1 in cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by palmitic acid

AIM: To investigate the effects of CR6-interacting factor 1 (CRIF1) on the apoptosis of mouse cardiomyocytes (MCMs) induced by palmitic acid. METHODS: The MCMs cultured with medium containing palmitic acid at 0 and 300 μmol/L for 24 h were divided into control group and palmitic acid group, respectively. In order to explore the effects of CRIF1 on MCMs injuries induced by high fat, MCM exposed to palmitic acid at 300 μmol/L for 24 h were divided into vehicle group, scrambled (Scra) siRNA group and CRIF1 siRNA group. The cells in vehicle group were only treated with transfection reagent, the cells in Scra siRNA group were given a treatment with transfection reagent and scrambled RNA, and the cells in CRIF1 siRNA group were given a treatment with transfection reagent and CRIF1 specific siRNA. In order to further confirm the specific mechanism of CRIF1 in high fat-induced MCM injuries, MCMs in CRIF1 siRNA group were divided into DMSO group and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) group, and were given the same intervention of palmitic acid. RT-qPCR, Western blot and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of CRIF1. The apoptotic rate was analyzed by flow cytometry, and the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was tested by DHE staining and ELISA. RESULTS: The expression of CRIF1 was significantly increased after exposure to palmitic acid (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the apoptotic rate was increased significantly in vehicle group and Scra siRNA group (P<0.05). The apoptotic rate was significantly increased in CRIF1 siRNA group (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the intracellular ROS content was significantly increased in vehicle group and Scra siRNA group (P<0.05). Compared with vehicle group and Scra siRNA group, the intracellular ROS content was significantly increased in CRIF1 siRNA group (P<0.05). Compared with DMSO group, the intracellular ROS content and the apoptotic rate were remarkably decreased in NAC group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: With the inhibition of oxidative stress, CRIF1 may reduce the apoptosis of MCMs induced by high fat.     

北京地区畜禽温室气体排放的时空变化分析

运用IPCC估算农业温室气体排放指南, 对1978-2009年期间畜禽存栏统计数据进行分析, 研究北京地区畜禽养殖温室气体排放的时空分布。结果表明, 北京地区畜禽温室气体排放自20世纪90年代初逐步增长, 到2004年达到顶峰, 之后有所回落。在3类排放的温室气体中, 牲畜肠道发酵产生的甲烷比重最大, 年平均排放量为0.4 Tg CO2-eq, 排放贡献最大的是牛, 占肠道发酵甲烷排放总量的54%; 牲畜粪便排放的甲烷平均值为0.2 Tg CO2-eq, 牲畜粪便排放的氧化亚氮平均值为0.3 Tg CO2-eq, 畜禽粪便管理排放的甲烷和氧化亚氮主要来自猪的排放, 其贡献率分别为73%和46%。从1978-2009年北京畜禽温室气体排放CR4指数(产业集中度指数)逐步增高可以看出, 北京市畜禽产业集约化水平不断提高, 其中顺义、大兴、密云和通州是北京畜禽温室气体排放的主要区域。同时, 对历年畜禽温室气体排放进行了线形回归预测, 结果显示, 北京地区的畜禽温室气体排放仍呈递增走势。结合北京地区畜禽产业温室气体排放的特点与存在问题, 笔者认为应尽快提出适合畜牧业可持续发展的温室气体减排策略及减排目标, 开展温室气体减排技术研发, 从而推进畜禽产业的可持续发展。