混合盐碱胁迫对芸芥生长发育和生理性状的影响

为评价不同生长期芸芥对混合盐碱胁迫的耐受性及相应的生理机制,采用不同浓度的混合盐碱溶液分别进行种子萌发期、苗期及成株期胁迫试验。结果表明：（1）在种子萌发期,低浓度（20和30mmol·L-1）混合盐碱胁迫仅延迟了芸芥种子的萌发时间,对种子活力的影响较小;40 mmol·L-1盐碱胁迫下,发芽势和发芽率均显著低于对照值;≥50 mmol·L-1盐碱处理下,种子完全丧失活力。（2）苗期叶片相对含水量与盐碱浓度和胁迫时间均呈负相关,盐碱浓度≥40 mmol·L-1,相对含水量显著下降,而丙二醛含量显著升高;随盐碱浓度增加及胁迫时间延长,叶片可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量总体呈增加趋势,而可溶性蛋白含量却逐渐降低,说明芸芥幼苗对盐碱胁迫的适应在一定程度上主要取决于可溶性糖和脯氨酸等有机物质的积累;（3）成株期低浓度胁迫对株高和开花期影响不显著,≥40 mmol·L-1盐碱胁迫时,株高降低,开花期延迟,单株角果数少,部分种子很瘪或只能看到败育残基。60 mmol·L-1胁迫下植株能存活,但不能开花结实,70 mmol·L-1胁迫则严重抑制了营养生长和生殖生长,甚至死亡。混合盐碱胁迫对芸芥根长、鲜重、干重和含水量均有一定的抑制作用,对根重影响显著,低浓度胁迫促进根的伸长,盐碱浓度≥40 mmol·L-1时,根长逐渐变短,显著低于对照。总之,萌发期和成株期芸芥对NaCl +Na2SO4 + NaHCO3+Na2CO3混合盐碱胁迫的耐受性不同,苗期可溶性糖和脯氨酸作为主要的调节物质在芸芥适应较高浓度盐碱逆境中起到了重要作用。     

不同播期条件下大豆开花期性状的全基因组关联分析

开花期是决定大豆生态适应性和产量的重要性状,研究大豆开花期的遗传规律,解析大豆开花调控的分子基础,对大豆品种适应性改良具有重要意义。本研究选用来自北方、黄淮海和南方三大生态区的87份中国品种及31份美国大豆品种,在北京进行春、夏季分期播种,获得10个播期环境下的开花期数据,并利用Illumina BARCSoySNP6K iSelectBeadChip芯片对大豆品种进行SNP分型。通过群体结构分析、聚类分析和PCA分析,将供试大豆品种分为两个亚群。利用TASSEL软件PCA+K模型,结合5 126个SNP标记,对开花期进行全基因关联分析,得到18个显著关联位点,其中14个位点在2个以上的环境中稳定表达,4个位点只在单一环境中被检测到,表明其受光温环境影响较大。通过对显著关联位点进行预测,共发现31个候选基因,其中有2个（Glyma10g36600和Glyma19g37890）已在此前的研究中被证明与大豆开花有关,而Glyma03g33470、Glyma11g15650、Glyma05g01510和Glyma19g07162与拟南芥中相关的开花调控基因同源,推测这4个基因在大豆中也参与开花调控。11个尚未见报道的新位点分别位于3、4、5、9、10、14、16和17号染色体上,可能存在控制大豆开花期的新基因。     

增施硝态氮对Na_2CO_3胁迫下桑树幼苗叶片PSⅡ功能的影响

以桑树(Morus alba)为试验材料,在室内以溶液培养的方法研究了增施NO_3~--N(7.5 mmol·L~(-1)增加到17.5mmol·L~(-1))对Na_2CO_3胁迫(50mmol·L~(-1))下桑树幼苗叶片PSⅡ功能的影响。结果表明,50mmol·L~(-1)的Na_2CO_3胁迫下桑树植株表现出明显的盐害症状,叶片的PSⅡ反应中心光化学活性明显降低,PSⅡ电子供体侧和受体侧均受到不同程度的影响。增施NO_3~--N显著提高了Na_2CO_3胁迫下桑树幼苗叶片的光合电子供应和传递能力,表现为PSⅡ电子供体侧放氧复合体OEC的功能增强,PSⅡ电子受体侧受体库接受电子能力增加。另外,增施NO_3~--N还可以相对提高桑树幼苗叶片类囊体膜结构的稳定性,促进Na_2CO_3胁迫下桑树幼苗叶片光能向光化学反应方向的分配,降低以无效热能形式耗散的比例。可见,增施NO_3~--N可显著增强Na_2CO_3胁迫下桑树幼苗叶片PSⅡ的功能,这为其光合作用的正常进行提供了保证。     

播期对阴山北麓干旱半干旱区华油杂62生长及养分吸收的影响

以饲料油菜华油杂62为研究对象,在阴山北麓干旱半干旱农牧交错区,通过分期播种,研究了播期对饲料油菜生长发育、产量及养分吸收累积的影响。结果表明:播期推迟导致饲料油菜生育期缩短,尤其缩短了从播种到出苗的时间;有效分枝数、茎粗随播期推迟而增大;出苗数、鲜草产量、养分累积量随播期推迟而下降;但植株地上部N、P、K含量随播期推迟变化趋势各不相同,氮含量先减小后增大,磷含量先增大后降低,钾含量逐渐降低;随播期推迟氮、钾累积量逐渐降低,磷积累量先增大后降低。综合考虑,阴山北麓干旱半干旱农牧交错区饲料油菜最适宜播期应为5月下旬至6月上旬。     

稻瘟病菌假定的糖基水解酶62家族初步研究

 【目的】了解糖基水解酶62家族细胞壁降解酶系在稻瘟病菌致病中的作用。【方法】通过生物信息学方法对稻瘟病菌基因组中假定的糖基水解酶62家族成员进行基因结构、蛋白分泌特性及系统发育分析,并对其中一个成员MGG_01403.6进行过量表达、基因敲除分析。【结果】该家族共有8个成员,均具有细胞壁降解酶（糖基水解酶62家族）保守结构域,且均为胞外分泌蛋白;系统发育分析可以将这些成员分别聚类在两个进化分支中;成员间在不同侵染阶段表达模式有差异;MGG_01403.6过量表达和基因敲除均不影响稻瘟病菌的致病性。【结论】糖基水解酶62家族可能存在功能冗余作用,进一步的双突变或多突变可能是明确这类多基因家族基因功能的重要方法。     

Complement Receptor Type 3 (CR3)- and Fc Receptor (FcR)-Mediated Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) Secretion and Their Intracellular Signalling of Bovine Neutrophils

Complement receptor type 3 (CR3)- and Fc receptor (FcR)-mediated metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) secretion and their intracellular signalling of bovine neutrophils were evaluated. Relative density of MMP-9 secreted by neutrophils stimulated with opsonized zymosan (OPZ, stimulant for CR3) was significantly (p < 0.05) increased when the OPZ concentration was increased from 0 to 0.4 mg/ml. Similar results were obtained for neutrophils stimulated with heat-aggregated IgG (Agg-IgG, stimulant for Fc receptor) at concentrations from 0 to 0.40 mg/ml. Preincubation of neutrophils with 1–30 nmol/L wortmannin (phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor) resulted in inhibition of MMP-9 secretion induced by stimulation with OPZ and Agg-IgG in a concentration-dependent manner, 30 nmol/L wortmannin causing complete inhibition. Similarly, preincubation of neutrophils with 0–100 μmol/L genistein (tyrosine kinase inhibitor) also resulted in inhibition of OPZ- and Agg-IgG-induced MMP-9 secretion in a concentration-dependent manner, with 100 μmol/L genistein causing complete inhibition. Significant (p < 0.05) positive correlations were found between MMP-9 and luminal-dependent chemiluminescent response (LDCL) in the case of stimulation with OPZ (r = 0.754) and in the case of stimulation with Agg-IgG (r = 0.728). Our findings suggested that CR3 and FcR play a critical role in production of MMP-9 and may be regulated by intracellular signal transduction, including that by phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and tyrosine kinase (TK).     

特早熟夏玉米不同时期追肥对产量及产量形成因素的影响

本研究结果表明,在山西晋中盆地条件下,不同时期追施氮肥,对特早熟夏玉米的三大产量形成因素（叶面积系数、光合势及净同化率）的发展动态产生不同影响。其中大喇叭口期追肥的叶面积系数发展动态较为合理,后期稳定在较高水平上,后期的光合势、净同化率也较高,产量最高。在施用了种肥的基础上,可于大喇叭口期追施氮肥,效果较好。     

外源竹炭对土壤硝酸根离子的吸附效应

生物质炭巨大的活性表面, 可吸附土壤中的硝酸根等阴离子养分。采用竹炭作为试验材料, 以自然土壤和人为耕作土壤为试验土壤, 用硝酸钾溶液浇施模拟施肥, 通过离子色谱测定浇施后所得滤液中硝酸根离子的含量, 分析竹炭对土壤中硝酸根离子的吸附效果。试验设计如下:自然土壤加入的竹炭百分比为0, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%(竹炭直径 < 1 mm), 耕作土壤加入的竹炭百分比为0, 1%, 3%, 5%(竹炭直径为1~2 mm), 2种竹炭颗粒(1~2 mm和 < 1 mm)比较试验时加入的竹炭量为3%。结果表明:土壤中加入竹炭对硝酸根离子的吸附有一定的作用, 前2次淋洗表现为吸附作用随着竹炭比例的增加而增强, 但只有加入的竹炭量超过3%后, 吸附效果没有显著提高(P>0.05)。在加入等量(3%)竹炭时, 前2次淋洗时颗粒直径为1~2 mm的竹炭吸附效果好于 < 1 mm的竹炭, 细粒与对照没有差异, 第3次淋洗时竹炭处理与对照差异显著(P < 0.05), 但不同颗粒之间差异消失。竹炭的施入比例和颗粒直径均能影响其对土壤中阴离子的吸附效果。建议生产上采用3%比例、颗粒直径为1~2 mm的竹炭, 以减少硝酸根离子的淋失。     

Ecological intensification of cropping systems enhances soil functions,mitigates soil erosion,and promotes crop resilience to dry spells in the Brazilian Cerrado

Water scarcity threatens global food security and agricultural systems are challenged to achieve high yields while optimizing water usage. Water deficit can be accentuated by soil physical degradation, which also triggers water losses through runoff and consequently soil erosion. Although soil health in cropping systems within the Brazilian Cerrado biome have been surveyed throughout the years, information about soil erosion impacts and its mitigation are still not well understood; especially concerning the role of cropping system diversification and its effects on crop yield. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess whether ecological intensification of cropping systems –inclusion of a consorted perennial grass and crop rotation– could promote soil coverage and consequently decrease water erosion and soil, water, and nutrient losses. This work studied the effects of crop rotation and consorted Brachiaria, along with different levels of investment in fertilization on soil physical quality and on soil, water, and nutrient losses, and crop yields. Results proved that soybean monoculture (SS) is a system of low sustainability even under no-till in the Brazilian Cerrado conditions. It exhibited high susceptibility to soil, water, and nutrient losses, causing low crop yields. Our results showed that water losses in SS cropping system were approximately 10% of the total annual rainfall, and total K losses would require an additional 35% of K application. Conversely, ecological intensification of cropping systems resulted in enhanced soil environmental and agronomic functions, increased grain yield, and promoted soil and water conservation: high soil cover rate, and low soil, water and nutrient losses. Ecological intensification proved to be an adequate practice to boost crop resilience to water deficit in the Brazilian Cerrado.     

Effects of diosmin on activity of myeloperoxidase in renal tissues and expression of CD11b,CD54 and CD62L on neutrophils in rats with kidney ischemia and reperfusion

AIM：To observe the effects of diosmin on the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in renal tissues and the expression of CD11b, CD54 and CD62L on neutrophils in rats with kidney ischemia and reperfusion. METHODS：One hundred and eighty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham operation (SO) group, ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) group and diosmin+I/R (DOSM+I/R) group. At the end of the experiment, renal tissues were obtained and the activity of MPO was detected by ELISA. The expression of CD11b, CD54 and CD62L on polymorphonuclear leukocytes was determined by flow cytometry after monoclonal antibody labeling. RESULTS：The renal MPO activity at different time points in DOSM+I/R group was significantly lower than that in I/R group (P<0.01 or P<0.05). The expression levels of CD11b, CD54 and CD62L on polymorphonuclear leukocytes in I/R group were significantly higher than those in SO group (P<0.01 or P<0.05), while those in DOSM+I/R group were lower than those in I/R group (P<001 or P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Diosmin not only decreases the activity of MPO in renal tissues, but also reduces the expression of CD11b, CD54 and CD62L on polymorphonuclear leukocytes, suggesting that its protective effect against kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury through anti-inflammatory mechanism.