常温泡沫箱加冰运输条件下荔枝的温度、品质、呼吸和乙烯释放变化

常温泡沫箱加冰密封技术已经广泛应用于荔枝的国内运输。以淮枝为材料，探讨加冰与预冷处理对果实温度、品质以及某些生理指标的影响。结果表明：29～31℃室温下72　h后，对照与5℃预冷处理的果实温度相近，达33℃，高于室温。加冰处理使果实温度先下降，至最低点后回升。加冰量达50％时，果实最低温度降至6℃，72　h后回升至27℃，低于室温。对不同加冰比例的荔枝可溶性固形物含量、好果率、果实失重、酶活性以及箱内乙烯、二氧化碳等气体成分动态进行了比较研究。     

Lipid-induced p62dok up-regulation enhances hepatic gluconeogenesis

AIM:To investigate the potential role of p62^dok in the regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis. METHODS:The expression of p62^dok, insulin signaling transduction, and hepatic gluconeogenesis were investigated in the liver tissues of mice treated with high-fat diet(HFD) and in cultured mouse hepatocytes treated with free fatty acid(FFA). The experiments of gene silencing and overexpression were conducted to observe the effects of p62^dok on insulin signal transduction and hepatic gluconeogenesis in cultured mouse hepatocytes. Western blotting was used to detect the protein levels and the phosphorylation statue. RESULTS:The increased p62^dok levels were found in the liver tissues from HFD-treated mice and FFA-treated hepatocytes. Meanwhile, phosphorylation of Akt and forkhead box O1 protein(FoxO1) was were decreased and the expression of glucose-6-phosphatase(G6Pase) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase(PEPCK) was increased. Silencing of p62^dok in cultured hepatocytes treated with FFA induced the increase in phosphorylation of Akt and FoxO1, and decrease in the protein levels of G6Pase and PEPCK. CONCLUSION:Up-regulation of p62^dok induced by HFD or FFA enhances hepatic gluconeogenesis via inhibiting insulin signal transduction.     

睾丸酮丛毛单胞菌teiR基因载体构建及在大肠杆菌中的表达

提取睾丸酮丛毛单胞菌(Comamonas testosteroni)基因组DNA,利用PCR扩增teiR基因,将扩增产物克隆到pKtac2(含强启动子tac)和pK18中,构建重组质粒pKtac2-teiR和pKteiR100。将重组质粒分别转化大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)HB101, 提取细菌总蛋白,ELISA测定细菌总蛋白中teiR基因的表达量,结果表明: 含tac强启动子的pKtac2-teiR重组质粒具有更高的转录活性;将p6(含3a-HSD/CR基因)分别和重组质粒(pKtac2-teiR和pKteiR100)共转化大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)HB101, 测定细菌总蛋白中3a-HSD/CR 和teiR基因的表达量,结果表明: 在大肠杆菌中teiR可以明显促进3a-HSD/CR 的表达, pKtac2-teiR与p6共转化后teiR基因的表达量比pKteiR100与p6共转化后teiR基因的表达量高,但是pKtac2-teiR与p6共转化后的3a-HSD/CR的表达量低于pKteiR100与p6共转化后的3a-HSD/CR的表达量。     

教育美育化刍议

传统教育由于存在种种弊端已远不适应现代化发展的要求,时代需要的是德、智、体。美全面发展的人,是富于想象力和创新精神的人,美育的特质恰恰与这一需要相吻合。因此,教育改革意味着实现教育现代化,必须伴随教育美育化。     

大豆GmFTL3和GmFTL5启动子的组织特异性表达分析

大豆（Glycine max (L.) Merr.）GmFTL3和GmFTL5基因具有很高的序列相似性,均参与大豆开花调节,但表达模式并不相同,本研究以启动子为突破口,分析这两个基因之间的表达差异。从大豆品种天隆1号中克隆GmFTL3和GmFTL5的启动子,构建载体pGmFTL3pro::GUS和pGmFTL5pro::GUS,转化拟南芥进行GUS染色分析。结果显示：无论长日条件还是短日条件,苗期和花器官中GmFTL3启动子均不驱动GUS基因在拟南芥中表达,而GmFTL5启动子则驱动GUS基因在拟南芥中表达,且在苗期的不同阶段呈现组织表达特异性。在花器官中,GmFTL5启动子驱动GUS基因主要在花萼、花瓣、花药和花粉粒中表达。实时定量结果显示,在大豆中,GmFTL3和GmFTL5基因均有表达。综上所述,大豆GmFTL3启动子在大豆中有活性但在拟南芥中无活性;GmFTL5启动子在大豆和拟南芥中均有活性,但表达可能存在差异; GmFTL5启动子在花器官中表达可能暗示GmFTL5基因与花器官发育有关。     

云南酸甜石榴园Malaise网诱捕昆虫群落及其季节性动态*

 2007～2008年,以云南省建水县酸石榴园为基地,采用Malaise网诱捕器对园内昆虫群落结构进行了调查,根据节肢动物群落中物种的营养和取食关系将总群落划分为天敌亚群落、害虫亚群落、中性昆虫亚群落,利用群落多样性指标对石榴不同生育期昆虫群落结构及其动态进行了分析比较。结果表明,从2007年5月～2008年9月,共诱捕获得昆虫纲12目75科375种1708头。物种丰富度、多样性指数和均匀度分别为5025,508,086。其中寄生性天敌有79种300头,捕食性天敌有46种162头,害虫有193种959头,中性昆虫有57种287头。害虫亚群落、天敌亚群落和中性昆虫亚群落物种丰富度分别为2796,2021,989,多样性指数分别为423,436,326。天敌昆虫群落与害虫群落及中性昆虫群落相对多度呈互补关系     

江优明62在永安种植表现及产量构成因素分析

江优明62是福建省三明市农业科学研究所育成的晚籼中熟三系杂交稻新品种,在福建永安市作晚稻种植表现出高产、转色好、抗性较好等优点。进行产量构成因素相关和通径分析,该品种构成产量的主要因素是单位面积有效穗。其作晚稻种植高产栽培技术要点:主攻单位面积有效穗数、穗粒数,创建理想的高产群体结构,并发挥其内在的大穗优势、提高结实率和千粒重。     

Effects of planting soybean in summer fallow on wheat grain yield,total N and Zn in grain and available N and Zn in soil on the Loess Plateau of China

Dryland wheat is the major contributor to wheat production in the world, where water deficiency and poor soil fertility are key factors limiting wheat grain yields and nutrient concentrations. A field experiment was carried out from June 2008 to June 2011 at Shilipu (latitude 35.12°N, longitude 107.45°E and altitude 1200 m above sea level) on the Loess Plateau (a typical dryland) in China, to investigate the effects of rotation with soybean (Glycine max) green manure (GM) on grain yield, total N and total Zn concentrations in subsequent wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and on nitrate-N and available Zn in the soil. The benefits of crop rotation with soybean GM on wheat grain yields became more evident with time. In the second and third years, the grain yields of wheat rotated with soybean GM reached 4871 and 5089 kg ha⁻¹ at the 108 kg N ha⁻¹ rate. These yields were 21% and 12% higher than the highest yields of wheat under a fallow-winter wheat (FW) rotation. Rotation with soybean GM reduced the amount of N fertilizer required to obtain wheat grain yields and biomass levels similar to wheat grown in the FW rotation by 20–33%. In the first 2 years, average grain N concentrations over all N rates increased by 6% and 12%, and those of Zn increased by 26% and 14% under the soybean GM-winter wheat (SW) rotation, compared with the FW rotation. The increased grain N and Zn concentrations were found to be related to the increased concentrations of nitrate-N and available Zn in the soil, particularly at the sowing of winter wheat. However, grain N and Zn concentrations were not improved by rotation with soybean GM in the third year. This was attributed to the dilution effect caused by the more grain yield increase than its nutrient export. In conclusion, planting soybean for GM in fallow fields reduced the need for N fertilizer to enhance wheat yields in this dryland region. Change in wheat grain N and Zn concentrations was related to soil nutrient concentrations, and to the balance between increased grain yield and its nutrient export.     

时钟无线混合控制开关的设计与实现

以STC89C52单片机作为核心控制器,基本定时开关功能通过DS12CR887时钟芯片提供的时间标准与设定时间的比较结果控制继电器来实现开启和关断用电器,遥控功能通过SC2272解码芯片无线遥控来实现电器的开关,按键可以对实时时间,定时时间,模式选择等进行设置,开关由继电器控制交流电的开关,LCD1602显示相关定时信息和模式。从而保证了电器在各种场合下都可以不过度浪费电,也解决了人不在时的麻烦。     

抗根肿病甘蓝型油菜新品种华油杂62R的选育

我国油菜根肿病发病面积在66.7万公顷左右,约占总生产面积的10%,已严重威胁到油菜的安全生产。基于此,本研究以含有CRb抗根肿病位点的大白菜材料CR Shinki为供体亲本,以甘蓝型油菜国审杂交种华油杂62的父本Pol.CMS恢复系Bing409为受体亲本,通过杂交、回交及自交等育种程序,结合前景和遗传背景筛选,将CRb抗病位点导入到Bing409中。在BC3F2代获得了遗传背景高度接近Bing409且含CRb抗病位点的抗根肿病新恢复系Bing409R,进而成功选育了我国首个抗根肿病杂交油菜新品种华油杂62R。CRb抗病位点在甘蓝型油菜背景中表现为单基因显性遗传,根肿病抗性遗传改良的同时并未对Bing409R及由其配制的杂交种华油杂62R的产量、品质造成不良影响,Bing409R及华油杂62R对我国四川、湖北、安徽等地区根肿菌生理小种具有免疫抗性。本研究的开展为我国油菜抗根肿病育种提供了宝贵资源,为我国抵抗油菜根肿病的威胁提供了重要保障。