人参组织培养的多因子正交试验研究

采用L9(34)正交设计分析比较了2.4-D,BA,NAA,KT 4种激素浓度及其组合对人参组织培养的影响。经直观分析、方差分析和多重比较进行综合评价,确定人参愈伤组织诱导的最优培养基为MS 2.4-D3 mg/L BA 0.5 mg/L NAA 0.5 mg/L KT 0.5 mg/L,人参愈伤组织生长的最优培养基为MS 2.4-D 3 mg/L KT 1 mg/L,人参不定芽发生的最优培养基为MS BA 1 mg/L。     

无糖培养条件下三种大豆组培苗生长差异研究

在可控环境下,以有糖培养为对照,对中黄13、中黄25和鑫豆1号三个大豆品种进行了无糖培养试验,探讨了三个品种的组培苗的生长差异和根系活力差异.结果表明,生根培养21 d后,有糖培养处理的大豆组培苗的叶片部分出现黄化现象,无糖培养条件下三种大豆组培苗生长健康,叶色浓绿,生根率均为100%(高于有糖培养),中黄25的根鲜重与根长指标达到最大值,分别为1.02 g和481.6 cm,鑫豆1号的根系活力最高,达到78.62 UTTC·g-1FW·h-1,中黄13与鑫豆1号的根系活力与其有糖培养处理相比差异显著.因此,无糖培养提高了大豆组培苗对环境的适应能力,促进了组培苗的生长发育.     

超级稻离体再生培养条件的优化

以超级稻品种两优培九成熟胚为外植体,研究了外源激素和化学试剂对超级稻离体再生培养的影响.结果表明,成熟胚在MS 2,4-D2mg/L KT1mg/L培养基上,愈伤组织诱导率达94%;愈伤组织在MS 6-BA2mg/L KT1mg/L NAA0.5mg/L培养基上,分化率为76.66%;当分化培养基中添加5mmol/LCuSO4,愈伤组织生长旺盛,分化率提高,可达86.66%.     

益生菌与ND疫苗协同对雏鸡局部黏膜组织抗体生成细胞数量的影响

为探明益生菌能否增强新城疫(newcastle disease,ND)疫苗局部黏膜组织的免疫效果,雏鸡分别于ND疫苗免疫后第0,7,14,21天及新城疫病毒(newcastle disease virus,NDV)攻击7d后或死亡前,采用免疫组织化学方法测定盲肠扁桃体、哈德氏腺和十二指肠派伊尔结的IgA,IgM,IgG抗体生成细胞数量的动态变化.结果发现:益生菌协同ND疫苗组雏鸡局部黏膜的IgA,IgM,IgG抗体生成细胞数量分别在免疫后7d明显高于ND疫苗单独免疫雏鸡(P<0.05);NDV攻击后,益生菌ND疫苗免疫雏鸡的局部黏膜组织抗体生成细胞数量无统计学差异(P>0.05),表明益生菌是疫苗的理想佐剂之一.     

Ascorbic acid status as affected by dietary treatment in the Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri Brandt): tissue concentration,mobilisation and L-gulonolactone oxidase activity

A study was conducted to evaluate tissue storage and mobilisation of L-ascorbic acid (AA) in the Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri) fed three different experimental diets. The three treatments consisted of a diet devoid of vitamin C (diet A0) and two diets supplemented with equivalent of 300 mg AA kg^–1 in the form of either silicone-coated ascorbic acid (diet SC) or of ascorbyl-2-polyphosphate (diet AP). During the first phase (4 months) of the trial, six batches of 130 Siberian sturgeon (initial body weight: 25.5±0.5 g) each were fed one of the three diets in duplicate. During the second phase (3 months), fish from groups SC and AP were switched to diet A0 and those fed diet A0 during the first phase were switched to diet SC. Irrespective of the dietary treatment, growth rates were not significantly different from each other. At the end of phase I, in all tissues studied, total ascorbic acid (TAA) concentrations were higher in Siberian sturgeon fed diet AP than in the other two groups. During phase II, tissue ascorbate depletion was also higher in the AP group than in the other two groups. Transfer of the AA-free diet fed group onto a diet supplemented with 300 mg AA kg^–1 (diet SC) led to a slight increase in the TAA concentrations in all tissues. Blood plasma tyrosine concentrations were not significantly different between the three groups. Whole-body collagen levels were affected by dietary AA levels or forms at the end of phase I; the differences were not significant at the end of phase II. Muscle collagen levels were slightly affected. L-Gulonolactone oxidase activity was found in the kidney of Siberian sturgeon, but not in the liver. The ascorbyl-2-polyphosphate appears to be either better utilised by Siberian sturgeon, like in many other teleosts, or more stable than the silicone-coated AA during food processing and storage. Presence of L-gulonolactone oxidase activity in Siberian sturgeon kidney combined with the absence of gross scorbutic signs in AA-free diet fed groups expressing very good growth rates suggested no need of dietary AA byA. baeri.     

Tissue indicators of element status in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) post-smolts: effect of fasting

Two groups of Atlantic salmon post-smolts previously fed diets either unsupplemented or supplemented with Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn were fasted for 6 weeks in order to study the reliability of tissue indicators of element status during fasting. The fish were weighed at 2-week intervals and samples of whole fish liver, vertebrae, serum and eyes were taken for analyses of elements by atomic absorption spectrometry.
Body weight, per cent dry matter, condition factor and haematocrit values decreased during the fasting period. The concentration of elements in whole body remained constant, indicating that whole body is a stable indicator of element status during fasting. Other tissues seemed to be more sensitive (i.e. hepatic Fe concentration and vertebrae Zn and Mn concentrations). The serum concentrations of the elements generally decreased during fasting, especially for P and Zn. Element concentrations in whole body and most tissues during fasting were generally more dependent upon initial element status than on the fasting itself.
Care should be taken in drawing conclusions about the element status of fish based solely upon the examination of serum concentrations, and more than one tissue indicator should be used in the establishment of the element status of fish.     

鲁西黄牛耳缘组织成纤维细胞的体外培养

实验以鲁西黄牛耳缘组织为研究材料,采用组织块贴壁培养法对其进行了成纤维细胞的体外培养。通过细胞的传代培养、形态学和动力学观察与分析,结果表明,所建立的鲁西黄牛耳缘组织成纤维细胞系具有典型的成纤维细胞形态,胞体均为梭形和不规则三角形,且细胞丰满;细胞核形态为卵圆形,并位于胞质中央,核仁清晰。在细胞生长于繁殖过程中亦经历了潜伏期、指数增生、停滞期和衰退死亡期等4个时期。细胞群体倍增时期为72h。实验结果表明,已成功地培养了鲁西黄牛耳缘组织成纤维细胞。     

拟穴青蟹Cactus基因的cDNA克隆、序列及生物学功能

为获取拟穴青蟹Cactus基因cDNA全长、分析基本生物学信息,并初步探索其在病原物刺激下的免疫反应,实验采用RACE技术获得了拟穴青蟹Cactus(SpCactus)基因的cDNA全长序列,其cDNA全长为2035 bp,开放阅读框(ORF)1311 bp,编码436个氨基酸,分子量为46.01 ku。对蛋白理化性质进行预测发现,SpCactus为亲水性蛋白,等电点pI为4.91。经预测,SpCactus与其他物种的IκB蛋白具有相似的功能结构域。同源性比对结果显示,SpCactus与凡纳滨对虾和中国明对虾的Cactus蛋白同源性均高达62%,相似度为73%。系统进化树分析显示,SpCactus与甲壳动物聚为一支,与无脊椎动物聚为一大支。实时荧光定量PCR(RT-PCR)检测发现,SpCactus基因在拟穴青蟹不同组织中均有表达,肌肉中的表达量最高,其次为心脏、眼柄、血液和鳃,肝胰腺中的表达量最低。LPS和金黄色葡萄球菌刺激均能显著诱导SpCactus基因的表达。本实验成功扩增了SpCactus基因全长,并进行了生物信息学分析、理化性质预测,初步探讨了其生物学功能,为进一步研究其在免疫反应中的生物学功能提供参考依据。     

湛江近海海域裸体方格星虫消化系统的剖析

本文为探索湛江近海海域裸体方格星虫的消化系统特点,以湛江近海海域裸体方格星虫为材料,对其消化道的形态和组织学进行了切片剖析。结果表明,裸体方格星虫消化系统由口、咽、食道、肠、直肠、盲肠和肛门等组成;在直肠上附有直肠盲囊,其消化道约为体长的2.5倍,肠道通过3个回折及螺旋缠绕形成肠索;消化道管壁由内向外分为黏膜层、黏膜下层和浆膜层,黏膜层有大量的皱褶,没有连续肌肉层,而黏膜下层由结缔组织组成,含有肌纤维和血管神经等;裸体方格星虫消化道有发达的纤毛,直肠盲囊连接于直肠末端,里面充满黄色液体。     

花刺参钙调蛋白cDNA克隆及组织分布

钙调蛋白（ calmodulin,CaM）是一种钙离子（ Ca2＋）结合蛋白,在钙信号传导过程中起重要作用。文章扩增到花刺参（Stichopus monotuberculatus）钙调蛋白（命名为StmCaM）cDNA全长序列。StmCaM cDNA全长1394 bp,其中5＇UTR长138 bp,3＇UTR长806 bp,ORF为450 bp。ORF推导出的StmCaM含149个氨基酸（包含起始蛋白酸）,其预测分子量约为16.7 kDa,理论等电点为4.1。StmCaM氨基酸序列与其他物种的钙调蛋白高度相似,相似度百分比为95.9%~98.0%。采用realtime PCR分析StmCaM基因在花刺参不同组织中的表达,结果显示其在呼吸树中表达量最高,体腔细胞、肠次之,而体壁中表达量最低,几乎检测不到。