大白菜-结球甘蓝易位系AT4系列抽薹相关基因表达差异的cDNA-AFLP分析

抽薹开花时间是大白菜(Brassica rapa ssp.pekinensis)的重要性状,未熟抽薹直接影响大白菜的产量和品质.本研究以添加结球甘蓝(Brassica oleracea var.capitata)4号染色体片段的大白菜-结球甘蓝易位系AT4系列为材料,结合抽薹性鉴定,获得了45株耐抽薹和15株易抽薹植株;利用cDNA-扩增片段长度多态性(cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism,cDNA-AFLP)技术,对不同春化处理的耐抽薹和易抽薹植株叶片差异表达片段进行分离,获得了126条与抽薹性相关的差异表达条带,这些差异包括条带的有无和表达量的差异;通过差异条带回收、克隆和测序,获得了74条差异表达序列.同源性比对结果表明,61条差异表达序列具有同源序列,其中41条差异表达序列功能预测涉及代谢、能量、细胞物质运输、信号转导、表达调控、DNA修饰、细胞周期等,20条差异表达序列功能未知;13条在NCBI中找不到同源序列,可能是一些新基因.本研究获得了耐抽薹大白菜-结球甘蓝易位系,为耐抽薹大白菜新品种的培育提供新材料;同时获得了耐抽薹和易抽薹材料间的差异表达序列,为获得影响大白菜抽薹性的关键基因,揭示大白菜抽薹开花机制提供支撑.     

The Influence of Row Spacing and Seeding Rate on Seed Yield and Yield Components of Forage Turnip (Brassica rapa L.)

The effects of four row spacings (17.5, 35.0, 52.5 and 70.0 cm) and five seeding rates (50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 viable seeds m^?2) on seed yield and some yield components of forage turnip (Brassica rapa L.) were evaluated under rainfed conditions in Bursa, Turkey in the 1998–1999 and 1999–2000 growing seasons. Plant height, stem diameter, pods/terminal raceme, total pods/plant, seeds/pod and primary branches/plant were measured individually. The number of plants per unit area was counted and the lodging rate of the plots was scored. The seed yield and 1000‐seed weight were also determined. Row spacing and seeding rate significantly affected most yield components measured. The number of plants per unit area increased with increasing seeding rate and decreasing row spacing. Plant height was not greatly influenced by row spacing and seeding rate, but higher seeding rates reduced the number of primary branches and the stem diameter. The number of pods/main stem was affected by row spacing and but not by the seeding rate. Also, the number of seeds per pod was not affected by either the row spacing or the seeding rate. In contrast, the number of pods per plant clearly increased with increasing row spacing, but decreased with increasing seeding rate. The plots seeded at narrow row spacings and at high seeding rates were more sensitive to lodging. Seeding rate had no significant effect on seed yield in both years. Seed yield was similar at all seeding rates, averaging 1151 kg ha^?1. However, row spacing was associated with seed yield. The highest seed yield (1409 kg ha^?1) was obtained for the 35.0‐cm row spacing and 200 seeds m^?2 seeding rate combination without serious lodging problems.     

油菜花期性状与经济性状的相关性

通过对２０个油菜品种花器大小或多少与经济性状、主茎绿叶数、５ｃｍ和１０ｃｍ长以上分枝数与有效分枝的变异和相关分析表明：花蕾的长与果长，每果粒数和花瓣宽，花瓣长与每果粒数，花瓣宽与每果粒数，着花密度与着果密度，主序蕾数与主序果数，主茎绿叶数、５ｃｍ和１０ｃｍ长以上分枝数与有效分枝数，呈显著或极显著正相关，花期对这些性状的选择极为有效．     

大白菜雄性不育系小孢子发生的细胞形态学研究

  采用塑料半薄切片技术, 在光学显微镜下系统地观察了大白菜同质异核、异质同核细胞质雄性不育系、细胞核雄性不育系及其相应保持系花药发育过程的细胞形态学特征。研究结果表明: 细胞核雄性不育系花药败育主要发生在减数分裂期, 花粉母细胞不能发生正常的减数分裂; 细胞质雄性不育系花药败育主要发生在四分体时期或小孢子单核期, 表现为绒毡层细胞异常, 四分体或小孢子败育。     

津田芜菁隐花色素CRY1 RNA干涉载体的构建

隐花色素CRY1在拟南芥光形态建成及光信号转导中起重要作用,在津田芜菁(Brassica rapaL. subsp. rapa ‘Tsuda’)中是否起相同作用尚未报道。本研究利用实验室已克隆得到的津田芜菁CRY1基因的cDNA全长序列,在NCBI进行序列比对,选取特异的片段。同时根据Gateway克隆技术特点,设计含有attB接头的引物。利用高保真的LA Taq DNA聚合酶,通过PCR方法在目的片段的两端加上attB序列。通过BP反应和LR反应将CRY1基因片段克隆到pH7GWIWG2(I)双元干涉载体。对重组载体pH7GWIWG2(I)-CRY1的鉴定结果表明成功构建了CRY1基因的干涉载体。利用Gateway克隆技术构建植物干涉表达载体简便易行,该结果为遗传转化研究其功能奠定了基础。     

Establishment of reliable methods of in vitro pollen germination and pollen preservation of Brassica rapa (syn. B. campestris)

A simple and reliable method for evaluating the viability of Brassica pollen was established in which the in vitro germination rate of pollen was adopted as the index of the viability of pollen grains. Pollen grains were preincubated in an atmosphere in which the relative humidity (RH) was fixed to 52% or 66% at 20 °C for 5 hours. They were cultured for 16 hours at 25 °C in a liquid Kwack's medium (1964) supplemented with 20% sucrose, and the pH was adjusted to 8.0. They were then observed under a microscope and the number of germinating and unchanged pollen grains were counted. The germination rate of pollen was improved and stabilized by preincubation and the use of a high pH medium. More than 90% of the freshly harvested pollen grains of Brassica rapa (syn. B. campestris) germinated constantly in these conditions Undehisced anthers were collected from flowers at anthesis and dehydrated by incubation at 20 °C for 16–24 hours in an atmosphere where the RH was fixed to 15% or 32%. They were put into a plastic vial and preserved in a freezer at -20 °C. The germination percentage of the preserved pollen was scored at intervals during preservation. The germination rate of the pollen grains preserved at -20°C for 1 year was higher than 50% and the pollen proved to be efficient for seed set. Most of the seeds germinated normally. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

H2S和NO在大白菜抵抗高温胁迫中的作用

结合药理学和植物生理生化的方法,通过外源施加供体或清除剂,并观察幼苗生长的变化,意在研究H_2S和NO两种气体信号分子在大白菜抵抗高温胁迫中的生理作用及相互影响。实验结果表明:高温胁迫明显抑制大白菜幼苗的生长,导致植株叶片明显萎蔫卷曲。胁迫条件下,植株可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸含量以及相对电导率均显著升高,内源H_2S和NO含量明显上升,外源生理浓度H_2S和NO处理可明显缓解高温胁迫对幼苗生长的影响,并且两种信号分子存在相互作用,外源H_2S缓解内源NO含量的上升,而外源NO对内源H_2S含量变化并没有显著影响。综上,气体信号分子H_2S和NO交叉互作参与大白菜抵御高温胁迫。     

青藏高原白菜型油菜与甘蓝型油菜远缘杂交亲和性研究

为研究青藏高原白菜型油菜与甘蓝型油菜远缘杂交的亲和性,对白菜型油菜与甘蓝型油菜及配制的正反交组合的杂交结实率和亲和指数进行测定,并对杂交F_1代形态学、花粉活力和自交亲和性分析。结果表明:白菜型油菜与甘蓝型油菜杂交,以甘蓝型油菜作母本,结实率和亲和指数较高;甘蓝型油菜与白菜型油菜正反交F_1代组合均表现为自交亲和,植物学性状均偏向于母本,自交亲和性表现为甘蓝型油菜F_1(甘蓝型油菜×白菜型油菜)F_1(白菜型油菜×甘蓝型油菜)白菜型油菜,自交亲和指数分别为20.37、6.30、1.59、0.51,花粉活力表现为甘蓝型油菜白菜型油菜F_1(甘蓝型油菜×白菜型油菜)F_1(白菜型油菜×甘蓝型油菜)。     

北方地区白菜型冬油菜与春油菜的SSR和InDel遗传多样性分析

为了合理评价北方地区白菜型油菜种质资源,为抗寒育种及组合配制提供依据,从252对标记中筛选出9对SSR和36对In Del标记对感温性、抗寒性、品质等性状差异明显的19份白菜型油菜品种的遗传多样性和亲缘关系进行了分析。结果表明,共检测到95个等位变异,平均每个标记2.15个;有效等位基因变幅为1.05~3.27个,平均为1.70个。Shannon指数的变幅范围在0.121 7~1.269 5间,平均值为0.580 3;多态性信息量PIC变幅范围为0.049 9~0.637 7,平均值为0.308 1。通过NTSYS计算遗传相似系数GS并按加权配对法(UPGMA)聚类,结果表明19份材料的GS变异在0.52~0.86之间。在GS为0.605水平上可将19份材料按两室与多室性划分为I-1和I-2两大类群,I-1类群在GS为0.655水平上可按冬春性分为II-1、II-2两个亚类群。在GS为0.71水平上,可将冬性材料划分为4个小群。聚类结果表明北方地区白菜型油菜的遗传多样性丰富,冬、春性品种间及春性品种间亲缘关系较远,存在较大遗传差异。