镰刀菌酸胁迫下节瓜实时荧光定量 PCR分析内参基因的选择

针对不同试验材料及条件选择合适的内参基因是正确利用实时荧光定量PCR 分析目的基因表达模式 的前提条件。以4 个常用看家基因（GAPDH尧Actin尧UBQ尧CYP）和2个新内参基因（CACS尧F-box）作为候选内参基因、 运用实时荧光定量PCR 技术、分析它们在节瓜不同组织（根尧茎尧叶）及镰刀菌酸（fusaric acid, FA）胁迫下的表达稳定 性。经RefFinder 在线软件综合分析、结果表明、节瓜经枯萎病毒素FA 胁迫后Actin 和F-box 表达稳定;而在节瓜不 同组织中F-box 基因表达稳定性最高;另外、传统常用看家基因GAPDH 和CYP因在不同试验条件下总体表达水平 都比较差而不适合作为相应条件下的内参基因。研究结果为节瓜抗枯萎病相关基因的表达分析奠定了基础。     

氮钾营养对节瓜生长,产量和品质的影响

在秋季条件下以节瓜七星仔为材料，设置低氮低钾（N_(12)K_9）、低氮中钾（N_(12)K_(18)）、低氮高钾（N_(12)K_(36)）、高氮低钾（N_(18)K_9）、高氮中钾（N_(18)K_(18)）和高氮高钾（N_(18)K_(36)）等6个处理，研究了氮钾营养对节瓜生长、果实产量和品质的影响．结果表明，提高氮、钾水平，节瓜植株干重和果实产量都呈增加的趋势，增钾比增氮的效果更明显；果实的总糖和Vc含量有下降的趋势，还原糖含量无明显的规律性变化;果实的氮、磷和钾含量呈增加的趋势，但有个别处理例外．     

Genetic diversity in round gourd [Praecitrullus fistulosus (Stocks) Pangalo] accessions introduced from USDA for various qualitative and quantitative traits

Assessment of genetic variability in available germplasm, identification of genetically diverse genotypes for developing F₁ hybrids, and to generate further variability are prerequisites for any crop improvement program. Here, 15 accessions, including 5 released varieties, of round gourd were used to estimate genetic variability for 6 qualitative and 9 quantitative traits. Most accessions had round, shining, and light green fruits. Degree of secondary lobing of leaf blade was the most diverse qualitative trait. The 15 accessions were grouped into four clusters, of which two were solitary. Cluster II had eight accessions, followed by cluster I with five accessions. The grouping pattern revealed that geographical diversity might or might not be correlated with genetic diversity. The principal component analysis indicated that the first three components accounted for 85.73% of the total variation, with principal component 1 (PC1) accounting for 37.21%, PC2 for 36.35%, and PC3 for 12.16% of the total variation. Of nine traits studied, early yield contributed 55.24% toward genetic divergence, followed by vine length (21.90%) and number of primary branches per vine (14.29%). The highest broad-sense heritability (95.60%) and genetic advance (123.06%) were recorded by early yield followed by vine length and number of primary branches. Crossing between genotypes belonging to clusters I, III, and IV with those belonging to cluster II, and between clusters I and III has been advocated to develop F₁ hybrids, and to search for transgressive segregants with new combinations of genes to bring necessary improvement in the crop.     

空心瓜蔬菜作物简介及其系统分类探讨

空心瓜为一年生葫芦科植物,可能起源于印度西北部,主要在印度、巴基斯坦、阿富汗和东非等地作为蔬菜作物种植,我国尚未进行栽培推广。长期以来空心瓜的系统分类不甚清楚,虽然总体形态与西瓜属植物相似,并具有甜瓜属植物染色体2n＝24的数量特征,但多年研究结果表明,空心瓜并不属于西瓜属或甜瓜属植物。最新研究发现,空心瓜与冬瓜具有较近的亲缘关系,表明空心瓜很可能为冬瓜属植物,结合多年观察结果分析,本文提出将空心瓜归于冬瓜属的一个种,以供探讨。     

Accumulation of Copper,Lead, and Zinc by In Situ Plants Inoculated with AM Fungi in Multicontaminated Soil

Pot and field experiments were conducted to (1) evaluate bioavailability of copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in contaminated soil and phytoremediation potential by in situ plants, B. pilosa var. radiate and Passiflora foetida var. hispida, as inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, and (2) compare the results of pot and field experiments. The B. pilosa var. radiate plant inoculated with AM fungi had significantly greater Cu concentrations in the shoots and roots than noninoculated plants. Passiflora foetida var. hispida plant inoculated with AM fungi also had significantly greater Cu and Pb concentrations in the roots than noninoculated plants. As the root dry weight of Passiflora foetida var. hispida inoculated with AM fungi dramatically increased, the root Cu, Pb, and Zn content of Passiflora foetida var. hispida inoculated with AM fungi increased by 9–14 times, as compared with the noninoculated plants. The AM fungi have potential to either promote plant growth or increase heavy‐metal accumulation. The values of element translocation proportion from root to shoot were Zn > Cu > Pb for both plant species in pot and field experiments. For both plant species, the results of the pot and field experiments were significantly different. The concentration values of the pot experiment were greater in comparison to the field experiment, and some values were significantly greater than those in the field experiment.     

安徽休宁倭竹水分生理及生物量的研究

休宁倭竹(ShibataeahispidaMcClure)系安徽特有的小型灌木状竹种,通过对该竹种的水分生理、生物量的研究表明:1休宁倭竹的水分利用率较高,为2.76×10-3g/g,虽小于抗旱能力很强的琅琊榆和朴树,但大于抗旱能力较强的青檀和榉树,是湿生树种枫杨的1.49倍,休宁倭竹与榆科树种一样具有较强的抗旱性能;2夏季CO2浓度对水分利用率影响不大,光合速率与水分利用率呈正相关,温度、相对湿度等环境因子影响叶片的气孔导度,也影响了该竹种的光合速率和水分利用率;3休宁倭竹在全光、肥沃土壤环境条件下每1m2活竹可达1300余竿,地上茂密的枝叶截流量大,可减小地表径流;4地下竹鞭发达,纵横交错,形成极为致密的根系网络,地下竹鞭的生物量是地上部分生物量的1.38倍,因此有很强的固土能力。休宁倭竹是一种优良的水土保持竹种。     

毛刺槐试管无性系的建立

建立毛刺槐组织增减植株再生系统，为开展毛刺槐良种选育、定向培育和耐盐机理等方面的，提供基础手段和理论依据紧毛刺槐嫩茎作外植体接种到１／２ＭＳ＋ＢＡ１．０－２．０＋ＮＡＡ０．０５－０．１上获得无菌苗后，再诱导，分化形成丛生芽，最后在无激素的ＭＳ培养上诱导生根形成再生植株，并讨论了克降毛刺槐试管玻璃化的问题。     

Overexpression of the ThTPS gene enhanced salt and osmotic stress tolerance in Tamarix hispida

Trehalose is a non-reducing disaccharide with high stability and strong water absorption properties that can improve the resistance of organisms to various abi-otic stresses.Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) plays important roles in trehalose metabolism and signaling.In this study,the full-length cDNA of ThTPS was cloned from Tamarix hispida Willd.A phylogenetic tree includ-ing ThTPS and 11 AtTPS genes from Arabidopsis indicated that the ThTPS protein had a close evolutionary relationship with AtTPS7.However,the function of AtTPS7 has not been determined.To analyze the abiotic stress tolerance function of ThTPS,the expression of ThTPS in T.hispida under salt and drought stress and JA,ABA and GA3 hormone stimu-lation was monitored by qRT-PCR.The results show that ThTPS expression was clearly induced by all five of these treatments at one or more times,and salt stress caused par-ticularly strong induction of ThTPS in the roots of T.hispida.The ThTPS gene was transiently overexpressed in T.his-pida.Both physiological indexes and staining results showed that ThTPS gene overexpression increased salt and osmotic stress tolerance in T.hispida.Overall,the ThTPS gene can respond to abiotic stresses such as salt and drought,and its overexpression can significantly improve salt and osmotic tolerance.These findings establish a foundation to better understand the responses of TPS genes to abiotic stress in plants.     

柽柳谷胱甘肽转移酶基因(ThGSTZ1)转入酵母的抗逆能力分析

[目的]研究盐、重金属、低温和高温胁迫下,柽柳GST基因（命名为ThGSTZ1）的抗性作用。[方法]将ThGSTZl基因构建到酵母表达载体pYES2中,转入酿酒酵母（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）获得重组型酵母,同时以转化空载体pYES2的重组酵母作为阴性对照;对2种重组酵母分别进行LiCl、NaCl、KCI、CdCl2、ZnCl2、MgCl2、-20和53qC胁迫处理,比较2种酵母的成活率。[结果]ThGSTZ1能有效的提高酵母的抗盐碱及极端温度的能力,表明ThGSTZ1可能参与柽柳的逆境胁迫应答过程。[结论]GST基因具有参与多种胁迫响应和调节的功能。     

浦竹仔红色秆变异个体的rDNAITS序列及系统发育研究

通过对浦竹仔红秆变异个体基因组DNA的提取、rDNAITS片段的扩增、回收及测序,分析了其rDNAITS序列,构建了系统发育树。结果表明,供试竹种与Genbank中记录的浦竹仔ITS全长序列相似度为99％,与同属的中华大节竹、酸竹属的酸竹、少穗竹属的少穗竹亲缘关系较近,其遗传距离为0．007和0．010。RNA二级结构模拟分析显示,各参试竹种之间5．8sRNA变异极微小,主要的遗传变异均集中在ITSl-ITS2非编码序列中。由此可以推论该竹种产花色苷性状并非种属差异导致,为样本收集地环境因子诱发基因突变所致。