区域深度贫困出列村脱贫稳定性测度与影响因素识别

[目的]科学测度区域深度贫困出列村脱贫稳定性并识别阻碍因素,为实现稳定脱贫,推动脱贫攻坚成果巩固与乡村振兴有效衔接提供实践支撑。[方法]从自然环境、经济条件、社会资本、人力资源、发展机会5个维度构建脱贫稳定性测度指标体系,采用脱贫稳定性测度方法、障碍度模型等方法对2021年宁夏西吉县深度贫困出列村脱贫稳定性水平及影响因素进行了探究。[结果]研究村域脱贫稳定性总体不高且在不同地理环境下存在差异。稳定脱贫分异类型可识别为单维度约束稳定脱贫型、双维度约束稳定脱贫型和多维度约束稳定脱贫型。新型经营主体数量、消费经营场所数量、农村集体经济收入、牲畜户均养殖数、电商配送点数量、农村居民居住质量指数、地形起伏度等是影响稳定脱贫的主要因素。[结论]研究村域脱贫稳定性有待提高,存在多重返贫风险。未来应立足区域特征,加强不同约束和风险类型下返贫防控策略重构。     

栝楼试管苗瓶外生根技术研究

以栝楼试管苗为试材,研究栝楼瓶外生根技术。结果表明:在中间增殖培养中,当用MS+2.0 m g/L BA+0.5 m g/L NAA培养基,再使用瓶盖打孔的广口瓶,并提高光强到3 500 lx时,这时增殖系数适宜,为3.8,利于形成壮苗,平均生根率在90%以上。用浓度150 mg/L NAA配合使用50 mg/L的IBA时,生根率达到93.7%,泥炭和松下腐殖土生根率均达到90%以上,苗高适中,干物质量积累多,但综合来看,用腐殖土能降低育苗成本。     

水稻育苗床土精防病壮秧效果的研究

由营养元素、土壤消毒剂和植物生长调节剂复配而成的水稻育苗床土精,可通过多元全量营养和化控技术实现壮秧。用床土精配制床土育苗,基本不得立枯病,秧苗高度降低2cm左右,叶数增加0 5叶左右,根数增加2～3条,百苗干重增加0 5～1 3g。     

学以致用,以用为本——国际贸易教学的改进与提高

在国际贸易教学中 ,存在着知识点过于陈旧和脱离实际的问题 ,致使学生所学知识与实际需要互相脱节。要解决这一问题 ,应该通过修编教材、增加课程、开设讲座、改革实践手段的办法 ,增加贸易进口、外贸成本及相关实际应用知识的学习 ,加强学生外贸技能的培养 ,逐步树立学以致用 ,以用为本的教学思想 ,以适应新时代对外贸人才的实际需要     

生食牡蛎从离水到餐桌安全与质量管理现状与对策

生食牡蛎的安全与质量是影响其销售价格的关键要素。本文首先回顾了各国关于生食牡蛎的安全质量管理现状,并从安全性、活力状态、风味质量三个方面综述。然后从流通链的角度,系统分析了养殖、捕捞、清洗、净化、运输、销售等关键节点对生食牡蛎品质的影响。牡蛎从养殖到销售的整个过程中,可能受到多重安全危害因子的影响,对其食用安全性造成潜在威胁,其中主要包括贝类毒素、重金属、有害微生物、病毒等,通过规范的养殖和流通管理可消除这些危害。此外,从离水到餐桌,牡蛎暴露于一系列可能引发应激反应的环境压力源（干露、温度、氧气、密度等）,导致活力状态和风味品质下降严重,也造成了重大经济损失。由于胁迫方式、胁迫强度、持续时间等差异,不同节点上相同或不同的应激源的影响非常复杂。快速准确的活力评价是进行流通中质量管理的基础,本文综述了牡蛎流通过程中遭遇多重胁迫时,其代谢与活力的关联,以及代谢物对风味特性的影响。为生食牡蛎进行精准的品质控制提供理论依据。     

基于重组工程法高转化效率的大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)表达菌株构建

[目的]提高最常用的异源蛋白表达宿主菌E.coli BL21(DE3)的转化效率。[方法]利用基于质粒的重组工程系统和双链断裂修复功能。[结果]敲除了编码降解外源DNA的I型限制性内切酶的hsdR基因,获得了高转化效率以及其他功能与BL21(DE3)仍保持一致的LS1928菌株。[结论]获得的LS1928菌株可能会作为获得催化用酶的关键材料,进而在蛋白质工程等研究领域有着重要的作用。     

Mineralization and volatile loss of nitrogen from soils treated with coal combustion byproducts

There is an increasing need to find a suitable means for disposal of coal combustion byproducts because of the increasing world-wide production of these byproducts. This need has prompted interest in the use of land disposal, but there are concerns that this use may degrade the quality of soil. To determine the influence of coal combustion byproducts on the transformation and fate of soil N and assess the potential impact of land disposal on soil quality, we studied the effects of two combustion byproducts (fly ash and bed ash) applied at rates of 22.5, 45, 90, and 180 Mg ha^-1 on mineralization and volatile loss of N from soil. Studies comparing the influence of the byproducts on these processes showed that whereas fly ash had little influence on the fate of soil N, bed ash caused substantial mineralization of organic soil N and volatile loss of this N as NH₃. Studies monitoring the pH of soils treated with bed ash showed that soil pH increased immediately after this treatment, with values reaching as high as 12.8. These studies indicated that such extreme alkaline conditions caused chemical degradation and volatile loss of as much as 10% of the organic N in soil, and they provide strong evidence that the improper disposal of bed ash on land can have a substantial negative impact on soil quality.     

科学谋划彭阳县水利新蓝图

2012年是抢抓机遇实现水利跨越式发展的一个新的春天。水利前期工作将全面贯彻落实"中央1号"文件精神,建设生态、宜居、富裕、诚信、和谐"五个彭阳"的奋斗目标。     

Efficacy of Netminder® silicone release coating for biofouling reduction in bay scallop grow‐out and comparative effects on scallop survival,growth and reproduction

Netminder^®, a water‐based silicone barrier release coating, was highly effective in reducing biofouling of lantern nets during grow‐out/overwintering of bay scallops, Argopecten irradians irradians, in a large‐scale restoration programme in New York, USA. Compared with untreated nets, scallops held in Netminder^®‐coated nets experienced reduced survival after 8 months, probably due to higher loads of epibionts on their shells. However, this was countered by higher reproductive and overall condition of scallops in treated vs. untreated nets; there were no consistent differences in shell growth in different net treatments. Although further testing is recommended under a wider range of conditions, we conclude that for the purposes of our scallop restoration work, coating nets with Netminder^® would eliminate the need for a gear change in spring, thus reducing labour costs; the coating process should be refined so that Velcro closures of nets do not become sealed shut.     

谷氨酸棒杆菌中苯酚羟化酶的鉴定及功能研究

【目的】鉴定谷氨酸棒状杆菌中ncgl 2588基因编码的苯酚羟化酶,并验证其在苯酚降解中的作用。【方法】构建谷氨酸棒状杆菌ncgl 2588基因缺失突变株,比较突变株和野生型菌株利用苯酚能力的差异;同时将ncgl 2588基因克隆到表达质粒pET28a中并转化入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),利用IPTG诱导重组菌株原核表达,纯化并测定重组蛋白对苯酚的羟化作用。【结果】成功构建了谷氨酸棒状杆菌ncgl 2588基因缺失突变株,其在以苯酚为惟一碳源和能源的培养基中不能生长,而野生型谷氨酸棒状杆菌能正常生长;pET28a-ncgl 2588重组质粒在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中成功表达分子质量为73ku的目的蛋白,此蛋白酶活为0.37mmol/(min·mg);在以苯酚为惟一碳源和能源培养谷氨酸棒状杆菌时,苯酚羟化酶得到最高表达,用其他芳香族化合物培养则苯酚羟化酶表达较少;进化树分析发现,谷氨酸棒状杆菌中的苯酚羟化酶与酵母Trichosporon cutaneum中的苯酚羟化酶序列同源性高达43%,远远高于与细菌中苯酚羟化酶的同源性。【结论】谷氨酸棒状杆菌中的ncgl 2588基因编码苯酚羟化酶,且该酶为可诱导酶,在苯酚降解中发挥着重要作用。