关于水泥地面经常出现的几个问题的分析、处理与预防

本文对水泥地面经常出现的空鼓、不规则裂缝、起砂和麻面等问题原因进行了详细分析,并提 出了处理与预防措施。     

燕麦麸超微细粉体特性研究

对燕麦麸进行细胞级超微细粉碎。对照常规粉碎细粉,用显微观察法对其组织特征以及有效成分溶出特性进行观察。燕麦麸经超微粉碎后,显微镜下观察基本无完整细胞存在;其有效成分溶出特性有明显改变。     

Nitrate leaching in a silage maize field under different irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer rates

Quantification of the interactive effects of nitrogen (N) and water on nitrate (NO₃) loss provides an important insight for more effective N and water management. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of different irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer levels on nitrate-nitrogen (NO₃-N) leaching in a silage maize field. The experiment included four irrigation levels (0.7, 0.85, 1.0, and 1.13 of soil moisture depletion, SMD) and three N fertilization levels (0, 142, and 189 kg N ha⁻¹), with three replications. Ceramic suction cups were used to extract soil solution at 30 and 60 cm soil depths for all 36 experimental plots. Soil NO₃-N content of 0-30 and 30-60-cm layers were evaluated at planting and harvest maturity. Total N uptake (NU) by the crop was also determined. Maximum NO₃-N leaching out of the 60-cm soil layer was 8.43 kg N ha⁻¹, for the 142 kg N ha⁻¹ and over irrigation (1.13 SMD) treatment. The minimum and maximum seasonal average NO₃ concentration at the 60 cm depth was 46 and 138 mg l⁻¹, respectively. Based on our findings, it is possible to control NO₃ leaching out of the root zone during the growing season with a proper combination of irrigation and fertilizer management.     

6SF-40型加工番茄色选设备性能试验与参数优选

为研究加工番茄色选设备作业参数对其工作性能的影响规律,以分选精度和带出比为评价指标,对传送带速度、工作绝对压力及电磁阀脉频宽度等试验因素进行正交试验,对结果进行极差分析和方差分析,研究各因素对色选设备性能影响的主次关系和影响规律,确定较优工作参数组合.结果表明:输送带速度为0.816m/s、工作绝对压力0.5MPa、电磁阀脉频宽度为20ms时为较优参数组合,分选精度可达98%,带出比低于4,满足工厂加工要求.     

农村土地承包经营权要素编码的关键问题及解决途径

为准确使用NY/T 2538-2014、规范农村土地承包经营权确权登记颁证工作,针对目前农村土地承包经营权要素编码中存在的县级段代码和乡级段代码编制、发包方编码、承包方编码、特殊区域编码等关键问题,采用文案调查法和实地调查法进行深入剖析,并给出了问题的解决途径。结果表明:1)县级段代码和乡级段代码应以目前正在开展的农村土地承包经营权确权登记颁证工作作为时间节点来进行编码,并采用民政部公布的行政区划代码;2)发包方应按照农村土地所有关系进行编码,并且发包方编码在承包期内保持稳定;3)承包方应视为权利人来进行编码,其编码取决于是否与发包方签订承包合同;4)农村土地承包经营权要素编码与特殊区域内农村土地承包管理方式无关,应按照农村土地承包经营权要素的内在关系进行编码。通过剖析上述关键问题,研究可进一步深化对农村土地承包经营权要素编码的认识,促进NY/T 2538-2014在农村土地承包经营权确权登记颁证工作中的规范应用。     

南瓜籽壳超微粉特性研究

南瓜籽壳具有极高的药用价值,为充分利用南瓜籽壳中的功能性成分,对南瓜籽壳进行超微粉碎。结果表明,超微粉碎30 min后样品的粒度分布从100~800μm可以降低到0.1~100μm,其有效成分溶出特性有明显改变;测定南瓜籽壳粉的物理特性,表明微粉的均匀性比粗粉更好。     

Trial grow‐out culture of sea cucumber Holothuria scabra in sea cages and pens

Field trials were conducted to determine the effects of size, grow‐out period and site on the growth and survival of Holothuria scabra. Juveniles were reared in sea cages in two sites for 2 months during two different times of the year. Juveniles from Experiment 1 were subsequently grown in sea pens for 8 months in one site. The significantly lower survival particularly of the small‐sized group (<0.1 g) in Pilar is likely due to reduced water and sediment quality because of proximity to fish‐farming activities. The importance of grow‐out period was evident in the significant differences in weight increments in all size groups and biomass in the small‐sized group (P < 0.10) in Lucero during Experiment 2 when water temperature range and incidence of rainfall were higher. The decrease in the average weight of adults during the second half of the grow‐out period may be due to the interplay of the reduction in salinity, onset of sexual maturity and biomass exceeding carrying capacity in the pens. The estimated biomass threshold in the sea cages and pens in Lucero were 300 g m^?2 and 380 g m^?2 respectively. Implications of the results on the viability of small‐scale pen grow‐out culture are discussed.     

冬季剪截未老熟末次梢对妃子笑荔枝成花坐果的影响

通过妃子笑荔枝未老熟末次梢进行剪截处理后，结果表明：剪截处理能有效地促进成花、挂果，全部剪截处理的末次梢成花率、平均穗坐果率显著高于其他处理；剪截末次梢2／3处理次之；不剪截的几乎不成花、不坐果。     

精准扶贫背景下云南少数民族山区农村居民点空间格局演变

为合理确定山区农村居民点的优化布局方向,科学指导山区农村居民点土地整治和新农村建设,该文以2018年脱贫的原国家级贫困县云南省寻甸回族彝族自治县为研究区,综合运用遥感解译、GIS分析、景观形状指数模型等方法,从空间、规模与形态等方面研究2001-2017年农村居民点的演变特征及其影响因素。研究表明:1)在规模形态方面,农村居民点的演变主要表现为:整体规模扩展显著,景观形状趋于规则,平均斑块规模增大;2)在空间分布方面,农村居民点向地形条件优越地区集聚的特征愈发明显。核密度和聚类检验的分析结果表明,农村居民点斑块规模空间分异明显,分布形态由小规模分散式逐渐向大规模集聚式发展;3)自然地理因素是影响山区农村居民点分布格局的基本因素,而社会经济因素、区位因素以及政策因素是促使其空间分布变化的重要因素。该研究可对地质灾害频发的西南边疆贫困山区的农村的脱贫攻坚工作提供一定的实践指导作用,并为其农村居民点空间布局优化提供科学的理论依据。