微生物对蒽醌类染料废水脱色的研究进展

蒽醌类染料已经成为目前比较重要的一种染料,但其成分复杂,有毒性,给废水处理带来一定难度。阐述了对蒽醌类染料具有脱色作用的细菌和真菌的种类与脱色机理,以及这些微生物在废水处理中的应用前景。     

农田残膜机械回收膜土分离模型的建立与仿真试验

为明确农田残膜机械回收过程中膜土分离机理,基于土壤接触理论及土壤黏附力学,建立残膜与土壤颗粒的接触模型和残膜与土壤颗粒间黏结合力变化的数学模型.利用EDEM软件,进行0.01、0.02、0.03 mm厚度残膜与黏附土壤剥离剪切仿真试验.拟合结果表明,0.01、0.02、0.03 mm残膜厚度下,膜土分离剪切力与剥离剪切...     

桐粕中醇溶性毒素分离纯化及其性质

为了开拓植物蛋白质饲料资源 ,对桐粕中的醇溶性毒素进行了探讨 .桐籽去油后经有机溶剂提取得到醇溶性毒素 ,再经苯 +正己烷 (3∶ 2 ) ,苯 +乙酸乙酯 (3∶ 2 ) ,苯 +乙酸乙酯 (1∶ 1) ,苯 +乙酸乙酯 (1∶ 3)等 4种洗脱剂能分离出 TN1,TN2 ,TN 3等 3种毒素 ,其 Rf分别是 :0 .0 90 ,0 .30 1,0 .494(展开剂为 :苯 +正己烷 (3∶ 2 ) ) .其中醇溶性毒素和 TN3对试验鱼有明显的毒性 ;2 4h L D50 分别为 :0 .192 ,2 .75 4μg/m L ,48h L D50 分别为 :2 .495 ,0 .187μg/m L .TN1为浅黄色不结晶物 ,UVλMeohmax nm (E1 %1 cm) :2 10 (93.0 2 ) ,2 5 0 (4 9.0 5 ) ,2 90 (73.2 6 ) ,其旋光度为 0°;TN2为白色不结晶物 ,UVλMeohmax nm (E1 %1 cm) :2 10 (6 6 .36 ) ,2 5 0 (2 7.0 7) ,2 80 (6 2 .2 7) ,其旋光度为 49.10°;TN 3为白色不结晶物 ,U VλMeohmax nm(E1 %1 cm) :2 10 (72 .6 9) ,2 5 0 (31.92 ) ,2 90 (4 9.38) ,其旋光度为 6 7.43°.     

红果臭椿苗期病害致病菌的分离与鉴定

以感病红果臭椿幼苗病株为试材,采用形态学鉴定、分子生物学鉴定和致病性鉴定方法,研究了引起红果臭椿苗期病害致病菌的种类,以期为其苗期病害防治提供了有力的依据,从而提高红果臭椿的成活率,为园林绿化提供充足的苗源。结果表明:红果臭椿苗期病害有5种致病真菌,分别为木贼镰刀菌(Fusarium equiseti)、腐皮镰刀菌(F.solani)、极细链格孢菌(Alternaria tenuissima)、球毛壳菌(Chaetomium globosum)和新棒孢拟盘多毛孢菌(Neopestalotiopsis clavispora),其中腐皮镰刀菌为主要致病菌。     

长白山鸡爪苓子实体的组织分离培养及其酯酶同工酶分析

以鸡爪苓子实体为分离材料,对子实体的不同部位进行组织分离,并对分离得到的纯培养菌株进行酯酶同工酶分析,结果表明,菌柄基部是最佳分离部位,菌株萌发成活率最高;分离材料与产地的不同使得分离菌株之间的EST同工酶谱带表达有明显的差异。     

Functional characterization of Farfantepenaeus californiensis, Litopenaeus vannamei and L. stylirostris haemocyte separated using density gradient centrifugation

Haemocytes from penaeid shrimp (Farfantepenaeus californiensis, Litopenaeus vannamei and L. stylirostris) were separated using a discontinuous Percoll gradient. Shrimp haemocytes were spontaneously adhered to glass, allowing slide preparations for staining and microscopic differential counting. Like other crustaceans, shrimp has three main populations differing in presence and size of cytoplasmic granules and each population seems to be biochemical or functionally compromised. Prophenoloxidase (proPO )activity was mainly located in large granules haemocytes (75%) while the small granules cells participate with 25%, but seem to be responsible for encapsulation. Haemocyte discrimination ability was tested using Sephadex? (Seph?), DEAE‐Seph? and CM‐Seph?. Only DEAE‐Seph? was encapsulated by shrimp haemocytes and provoked the release of proPO activating system, indicating the role of particle charge in the activation of shrimp immune response.     

马氏珠母贝蛋白的分离及分子量分布研究

试验结果表明,马氏珠母贝全脏器各分离蛋白组分占总蛋白含量分别为:非蛋白氮1.48%,肌浆蛋白33.20%,肌原纤维蛋白13.14%,碱溶性蛋白21.54%,基质蛋白30.65%;贝肌肉各分离蛋白组分占总蛋白含量分别为:非蛋白氮0.83%,肌浆蛋白26.56%,肌原纤维蛋白18.48%,碱溶性蛋白30.34%,基质蛋白23.79%;马氏珠母贝蛋白氨基酸组成均衡,呈味氨基酸及支链氨基酸含量高,但在各蛋白组分中的含量存在一定差异性.利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)测定的分子量分布结果显示,2种原料蛋白的肌浆蛋白分子量分布范围较宽,集中在200～19 kDa,肌原纤维蛋白分子量分布集中在200～45 kDa,碱溶性蛋白集中分布在41～3 kDa.     

Performance of a closed recirculating system with foam separation, nitrification and denitrification units for intensive culture of eel: towards zero emission

The development of a closed recirculating aquaculture system that does not discharge effluents would reduce a large amount of pollutant load on aquatic bodies. In this study, eel were reared in a closed recirculating system, which consisted of a rearing tank, a foam separation unit, a nitrification unit and a denitrification unit. The foam separation unit has an inhalation-type aerator and supplies air bubbles to the rearing water. The growth of eel, which were fed a commercial diet, was satisfactory, with gross weight increases of up three times in 3 months. The survival rate under the congested experimental conditions was 91%. The foam separation unit maintained oxygen saturation in the rearing water at about 80%. Furthermore, fine colloidal substances were absorbed on the stable foam formed from eel mucus and were removed from the rearing water by foam separation. Ammonia oxidation and the removal of suspended solids were accomplished rapidly and simultaneously in the nitrification unit. The ammonia concentration and turbidity were kept at less than 1.2 mg of N per litre and 2.5 units, respectively. When the denitrification process was operated, nitrate that accumulated in the rearing water (151 mg of N per litre) was reduced to 40 mg of N per litre. The sludge was easily recovered from the nitrification and denitrification tanks, and the components were found suitable as compost. Based on these results, the intensive aquaculture of freshwater fish such as eel can be achieved using a closed recirculating system without emission.     

配体交换色谱手性流动相法拆分和定量茶氨酸对映体

建立了配体交换色谱手性流动相法拆分茶氨酸对映体的方法。采用Polaris C₁₈柱;流动相为L-脯氨酸：Cu²⁺（摩尔比）为2:1,Cu²⁺浓度为0.5βmmol/L,pH6.8,甲醇的加入体积比为2%;波长254βnm;流速0.9βml/min;柱温30℃。L-茶氨酸的进样量在0.09542βμg~4.241βμg范围内峰面积与进样量之间线性关系良好,回收率在97.45%~100.4%之间;D-茶氨酸的进样量在0.08486βμg~4.243βμg范围峰面积与进样量之间线性关系良好,回收率在97.07%~100.1%之间。该方法通用,准确。     

膜分离技术在茶业中的应用现状及展望

膜分离技术在食品加工中的应用已非常普遍并日趋成熟,现代茶叶深加工,尤其是速溶茶及茶饮料的生产更是离不开膜技术。本文对膜分离技术及其在食品加工中的应用进行了概述,重点阐述了微滤、超滤、纳滤、反渗透及其集成技术在茶叶加工中的研究现状及存在的不足,并指出了其未来的发展趋势。