Preparation and Antioxidant Activity of Chitosan Dimers with Different Sequences

As a popular marine saccharide, chitooligosaccharides (COS) has been proven to have good antioxidant activity. Its antioxidant effect is closely related to its degree of polymerization, degree of acetylation and sequence. However, the specific structure–activity relationship remains unclear. In this study, three chitosan dimers with different sequences were obtained by the separation and enzymatic method, and the antioxidant activity of all four chitosan dimers were studied. The effect of COS sequence on its antioxidant activity was revealed for the first time. The amino group at the reducing end plays a vital role in scavenging superoxide radicals and in the reducing power of the chitosan dimer. At the same time, we found that the fully deacetylated chitosan dimer DD showed the strongest DPPH scavenging activity. When the amino groups of the chitosan dimer were acetylated, it showed better activity in scavenging hydroxyl radicals. Research on COS sequences opens up a new path for the study of COS, and is more conducive to the investigation of its mechanism.     

马铃薯相对分离筛运动位移分析与分离筛性能试验

为解决摆动分离筛薯土分离机理不明确,分离筛参数匹配不尽合理的问题。通过田间试验,获得了无土和有土筛面上马铃薯相对分离筛的位移随曲柄转速、筛面倾角和机器前进平均速度等参数的变化规律,以及分离筛性能指标随参数的变化关系。试验结果表明:马铃薯相对分离筛位移的波动幅度随着曲柄转速的升高而先增大后减小,筛面倾角越大马铃薯相对分离筛位移的波动幅度越小,机器前进平均速度越大位移的波动幅度越大;有土筛面上马铃薯相对分离筛位移的波动幅度较无土筛面上马铃薯位移的波动幅度大;明薯率和破皮率随着曲柄转速的增加而先增大后减小,随着筛面倾角的增大而先减小后增大;机器前进平均速度对明薯率影响不明显,破皮率随着机器前进平均速度的增加而先减小后增大。     

Starving the soil of plant inputs for 50 years reduces abundance but not diversity of soil bacterial communities

If soil communities rely on plant-derived carbon, is biodiversity lost when this primary source is removed? Soil microbial and mesofaunal communities at the Rothamsted Highfield site were compared under a mixed grass sward, arable rotation and a section maintained as a bare-fallow for the past 50 years by regular tillage. Organic matter reserves have been degraded and microbial and mesofaunal numbers and mite diversity have declined in this unique bare-fallow site, where fresh carbon inputs have been drastically reduced. However, it supports a species-rich metabolically active bacterial community of similar diversity to that in soil maintained as grass sward. Thus in contrast to soil mesofauna, bacterial diversity (but not abundance) is apparently independent of plant inputs.     

乙醇发酵分离耦合技术的研究进展

针对终产物乙醉对酒精发酵过程的抑制问题,介绍了吸附、萃取、真空、膜分离和气提等乙醇发酵分离耦合技术及其研究进展,评述了上述几种方法在分离乙醇发酵产物方面的优点和不足,并对各类方法作了比较,最后对乙醇发酵分离耦合的发展方向进行了展望.     

条件风险下的两基金分离定理

鉴于条件风险价值CVaR具有风险度量的合理性以及两基金分离定理对证券投资的重要意义,以CVaR作为风险度量研究两基金分离定理.在组合收益率服从正态分布的假设下,分别就投资组合含有或没有无风险资产的情形提出并证明了两基金分离定理;放开方差-协方差矩阵为非奇异这一通常假设,证明了CVaR风险度量下的两基金分离定理依然成立.     

可凝气体组分对涡流管能量分离效率的影响分析

建立了涡流管能量分离效率测试的实验系统,以水蒸汽为可凝组分的代表,通过对比含湿空气和干空气2种介质下的实验结果,研究了可凝组分的存在对涡流管能量分离效率的影响。得出可凝组分会显著降低涡流管的能量分离效率,但不会影响其能量分离规律;分析了涡流管关键结构参数和操作参数对能量分离效率的影响,得出了长径比、压比ε和冷流率θ对涡流管温度效率ηT、绝热效率η和制冷效率COP的影响规律。     

草原白蘑菌种分离及菌丝体生长因子的筛选

草原白蘑是我国珍稀食用菌资源,由于草场退化及人为过度采集,产量不断下降。为了保护草原白蘑且对其进行更好的开发利用,对其生长因子进行单因子研究。结果表明:选取菌褶处的组织进行分离菌丝体,萌发率为38%。草原白蘑的菌丝体生长的最佳碳源为蔗糖;最佳氮源为酵母膏;当碳氮比为20:1～30:1时,菌丝生长较快。最适合菌丝体生长的温度为25℃,最适pH值为6.5～7.0。VB1浓度为10mg.L-1时能促进菌丝体的生长。     

东莞与邻近地区土沉香居群的叶形态 和遗传多样性分析

利用ISSR 技术分析了土沉香也Aquilaria sinensis（Lour.）Gilg.页4 居群的遗传多样性及遗传分化。应用9 条 引物从4 个居群共221 份样品中共扩增出105 个位点,其中多态性位点为104 个,多态位点百分率（PPB%）为 99.05%。等位基因数（Na）和有效等位基因数（Ne）分别为1.9905 和1.5854;Nei爷s 基因多样性指数（H）为0.3390, Shannon 信息指数（I）为0.5054,表明土沉香种内存在较丰富的遗传多样性。土沉香4 个居群总的遗传变异（Ht）为 0.3236,居群内的遗传变异（Hs）为0.2500,居群间的遗传分化系数（Gst）为0.2274,基因流（Nm）为1.6983。UPGMA 聚 类分析结果显示,电白居群和大岭山居群优先聚类,然后再与清溪居群聚类,而广西居群与其余3 个居群明显分离, 显示出较大的遗传分化;电白居群的大叶类群的分化大于小叶类群;东莞大岭山小叶类群与电白居群遗传相似性较 高,而大岭山大叶类群与清溪居群的遗传相似性较高。基于该研究结果,认为东莞大岭山居群部分来自清溪自然居 群,部分与电白居群来源相同,它们均来源于海南。     

花卉提取物对3种细菌的抑菌性测定

利用丙酮超声波提取和减压浓缩技术,获得17种花卉茎、叶的提取物,分析各提取物对3种细菌的抑菌结果。天竺葵(Pelargonium graveolens)对腐生葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus saprophyticus)和藤黄葡萄球菌(Micro-coccus luteus)具有抑制作用;杜鹃(Rhododendronsimsii R.spp.)对腐生葡萄球菌和炭疽杆菌(Bacillus anthracis)具有抑制作用。天竺葵提取物4种供试质量浓度对腐生葡萄球菌的抑菌率均达96%以上,杜鹃提取物对炭疽杆菌的抑菌率在77%~84%之间。但天竺葵、杜鹃提取物分别对炭疽杆菌和藤黄葡萄球菌无抑制效果。2种花卉提取物抑菌率卡方检验结果表明,不同质量浓度的天竺葵提取物对藤黄葡萄球菌抑菌率差异显著;杜鹃提取物不同质量浓度间对腐生葡萄球菌的抑菌率差异显著。     

土壤微生物对棕壤不同容重的响应

以棕壤为试验材料,通过盆栽的方法研究采自不同土层土样及不同容重土壤中细菌、放线菌、真菌在玉米不同生育期的变化规律。结果表明,耕层与梨底层土样都是随着玉米生长发育,真菌、细菌、放线菌的数量逐渐增多,在吐丝期达到最大,然后逐渐下降;细菌、真菌、放线菌的数量随土层深度及容重增加逐渐减少;耕层土样中3种菌在对应时间与层次比梨底层土样显著偏高(P<0.01),梨底层土样在不同层次变异较小。