沙芥幼苗叶片小热激蛋白基因的克隆与表达

在对转录组和蛋白组数据联合分析的基础上,通过RT–PCR方法克隆得到沙芥幼苗叶片2个小分子热激蛋白基因PcHSP26.5和PcHSP17.8,运用生物信息学软件分析它们的核苷酸和编码蛋白,通过Real–time PCR分析其在高温、低温、NaCl、ABA和干旱复水胁迫下的表达模式。PcHSP26.5和PcHSP17.8开放阅读框分别为699 bp和462 bp,分别编码282和153个氨基酸,其中PcHSP26.5包含1个内含子。PcHSP26.5、PcHSP17.8的相对分子质量分别为26 480、17 490,理论等电点分别为6.36、5.99;均无跨膜结构与信号肽位点,属于亲水蛋白。亚细胞定位预测和进化树分析表明,PcHSP26.5主要定位于线粒体中,属于MⅡ亚族;PcHSP17.8主要定位于细胞质中,属于CⅠ亚族。实时荧光定量PCR结果表明：高温胁迫下,沙芥PcHSP26.5和PcHSP17.8基因的相对表达量均在1 h达到顶峰,之后下降;低温胁迫下,沙芥PcHSP26.5基因的相对表达量在0.5 h达到顶峰,之后下降,沙芥PcHSP17.8基因的相对表达量在0.5~12 h内低于对照,24 h时出现上升趋势;NaCl胁迫下,沙芥PcHSP26.5和PcHSP17.8基因的相对表达量分别在 1 h和3 h达到顶峰,之后下降;ABA胁迫下,沙芥PcHSP26.5和PcHSP17.8基因的相对表达量均在2 h达到顶峰,之后下降;干旱复水胁迫下,沙芥PcHSP26.5和PcHSP17.8基因的相对表达量均在干旱9 d达到顶峰,复水后下降。     

基于转录组测序分析牛不同脂肪组织的脂肪沉积差异研究

为了更好地了解肉牛(Bos taurus)的脂肪沉积机制，以安格斯牛（Aberdeen Angus）和西门塔尔牛（Simmental cattle）为模型，通过对2种脂肪组织（肾周脂肪和背皮下脂肪）进行RNA测序，确定转录组图谱。分析4个组织中共同的高表达基因，以及2个组织之间的差异表达基因。结果显示，每个样品获得约10.99 Gb数据，并注释总共23 472个基因。在50个高度表达的共同基因中，发现脂肪酸结合蛋白4（Fatty Acid Binding Protein4, FABP4），脂肪形成调节因子(Adipogenesis Regulatory Factor,ADIRF)和硬脂酰辅酶A去饱和酶(Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase,SCD)是与脂肪沉积相关的基因，表明这3个基因可能在脂肪沉积中发挥作用。在安格斯牛和西门塔尔牛的肾周脂肪与皮下脂肪组织之间分别鉴定出1 678个和1 955个差异表达基因。GO分析表明，一些DEG与代谢有关。KEGG途径分析显示，PPAR信号途径、甘油酯代谢和ECM-受体相互作用途径富集丰富。在背皮下脂肪中，PPAR信号途径和甘油脂代谢中的3个基因：视黄酸X受体α(retinoid X receptor alpha,RXRA)、C1q肿瘤坏死因子相关蛋白7(C1q and TNF related 7, C1QTNF7)和单酰甘油-O-酰基转移酶2(Monoacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2, MOGAT2)上调；6个基因：肉碱脂酰转移酶1B(Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase 1B, CPT1B) 、解偶联蛋白1(Uncoupling Protein 1, UCP1)、 脂肪酸结合蛋白3(Fatty Acid Binding Protein 3, FABP3)、 脂肪酸转位酶(Fatty Acid Translocation enzyme, CD36) 、脂蛋白1( LPIN1) 和甘油-3-磷酸酰基转移酶3(Glycerol-3-phosphate Acyltransferase 3, GPAT3)表达量下调。在ECM-受体相互作用中，发现Ⅰ型胶原Α1(Collagen Type I alpha 1 Chain, COL1A1)、III型胶原Α1(Collagen Type III alpha 1 Chain, COL3A1) 、Ⅰ型胶原Α2(Collagen Type I alpha 2 Chain, COL1A2)和II型胶原Α1(Collagen Type II alpha 1 Chain, COL2A1)在牛的背皮下脂肪中上调，而层粘连蛋白γ3(Laminin Subunit gamma 3 , LAMC3) 和粘连蛋白γ2(Laminin Subunit gamma 2, LAMC2)的表达量下调。为验证转录组的准确性，对差异基因 COL1A1、 COL3A1、RXRA、 LPIN1和 GPAT3进行qPCR验证，结果显示qPCR结果与转录组测序数据基本一致。本研究揭示了肉牛不同脂肪组织中复杂的转录组图谱，发掘了参与脂肪沉积的候选基因。     

基于转录组测序解析干旱胁迫对祁连山黄参基因表达的调控

以栽培2个月的黄参为试材,设置对照（土壤相对含水量70%~80%）和适度干旱胁迫（土壤相对含水量55%~60%）处理,利用高通量转录组测序BGISEQ-500平台,对测序结果进行基因功能注释、差异表达基因(DEGs, differentially expressed genes)筛选。结果表明：(1)获得的68193条Unigene中,分别有34230(50.20%)、34170(50.11%）、31727(46.53%)、27701(40.62%)、27092(39.73%)和22793(33.42%)个Unigene分别被分配到NCBI非冗余蛋白(NR)、eggNOG(基因的进化谱系, Evolutionary genealogy of genes: Non\|supervised Orthologous Groups)、基因本体(Gene ontology,GO)、Pfam (Protein family)、SwissProt (Reviewed protein sequence database)和KEGG (Kyoto encyelopedia of genes and genomes)六大功能数据库。(2)DEGs分析显示,黄参块状根和叶中分别有10674个和13402个DEGs;GO富集结果表明,根和叶中的DEGs功能部位中的分布基本一致,主要富集在生物过程、DNA的复制和翻译调控、氧化还原过程、蛋白质磷酸化、防御响应等;KEGG富集分析表明,根中DEGs显著富集在苯丙烷类生物合成、半乳糖代谢、半胱氨酸和甲硫氨酸代谢、淀粉和蔗糖代谢、植物-病原菌相互作用、植物激素信号转导等途径,叶中DEGs则主要富集在半乳糖代谢、淀粉和蔗糖代谢、苯丙烷类生物合成、戊糖、葡萄糖醛酸转换、植物激素信号转导等途径,说明淀粉和蔗糖代谢、半乳糖代谢、苯丙烷类生物合成途径、植物激素信号转导途径在黄参应对干旱胁迫中起重要作用。干旱胁迫影响黄参不同器官中差异基因的表达,为解析黄参耐受干旱的生物学途径、黄参药效成分的生物合成和分子机制提供了理论依据。     

Iron and zinc accumulation in winter wheat regulated by NICOTIANAMINE SYNTHASE responded to increasing nitrogen levels

Nitrogen (N) is critical for micronutrient biofortification in wheat grain and is essential for a series of nitrogenous compounds biosynthesis. This study aims to assess the role of improved N supply in iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) enrichment and expression of genes related to Zn and Fe chelation and transport in winter wheat. Potting and hydroponic culture experiments were conducted to study the effect of increasing N application on Zn and Fe uptake and translocation from roots to leaves and the temporal and spatial gene expression profiles of the NICOTIANAMINE SYNTHASE (NAS) genes in wheat. Plants were grown with low, medium and high N supply levels. The results showed that higher N application increased Fe and Zn content in leaves, and decreased Fe and Zn content in root compared with the lower N supply. High N application also increased the distribution of Fe and Zn from roots to leaves. Expression analysis showed that increased N application resulted in up-regulation of two wheat NAS genes, TaNAS1 and TaNAS2. Highly positive response between NAS genes and increasing N application indicated that abundance nicotianamine (NA) resulted from highly expressed NAS genes might involve in the chelation of Fe and Zn in the phloem and favor Fe and Zn uptake and accumulation in wheat leaves.     

Selection forMeloidogyne incognita virulence against resistance genes from tomato and pepper and specificity of the virulence/resistance determinants

Experiments were designed to analyze the relationships between the root-knot nematodeMeloidogyne incognita and resistant tomato and pepper genotypes. From a natural avirulent isolate, near-isogenic nematode lineages were selected with virulence either against the tomatoMi resistance gene or the pepperMe3 resistance gene. Despite the drastic selection pressure used, nematodes appeared unable to overcome the pepperMe1 gene, therefore suggesting some differences in the resistance conferred byMe1 andMe3 in this species. Nematodes virulent onMi-resistant tomatoes were not able to reproduce onMe1-resistant nor onMe3-resistant peppers, and nematodes virulent onMe3-resistant peppers were not able to reproduce onMi-resistant tomatoes nor onMe1-resistant peppers. These results clearly demonstrate the specificity ofM. incognita virulence against resistance genes from both tomato and pepper, and indirectly suggest that gene-for-gene relationships could occur between these two solanaceous crops and the nematode.     

Mutants in wheat showing multipathogen resistance to biotrophic fungal pathogens

Five fast-neutron-derived mutants were isolated from the wheat line Hobbit 'sib' that show enhanced field resistance towards Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici , the causal agent of yellow rust. Subsequent testing showed the yellow rust resistance phenotypes to differ between mutants, to be expressed at different growth stages and, in some cases, to show an isolate interaction. Three mutants, I3-48, I3-49 and I3-54, exhibited an enhanced yellow rust resistance phenotype from the third seedling leaf onwards, while mutants I3-27 and I3-30 did not show an altered yellow rust phenotype until later growth stages. Additional resistance for brown rust (causal agent Puccinia triticina ) was identified in mutants I3-27, I3-30, I3-48 and I3-49, and for powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici in mutants I3-27, I3-30, I3-48 and I3-54, although in some cases the resistance was isolate-specific.     

转rolA、B、C基因枳橙快繁技术

通过对转rol基因枳橙B、D、E系及对照的高接植株春梢茎段进行萌芽诱导、增殖及试管苗生根成苗的试验,摸索出适宜枳橙快繁各种培养基配方及培养条件。结果表明,以MS+6-BA1mg/L的培养基适合于芽萌发,以MS+6-BA0.5mg/L+NAA0.05mg/L的培养基适合于芽增殖,生根则以1/2MS+NAA0.5mg/L+0.2%活性炭的组合最佳,转基因各系生根率均在93.3%以上,显著高于对照生根率(66.7%)。快繁苗移栽成活率可达90%,目前生长良好。     

猪蛔虫感染期幼虫抑制消减cDNA文库的构建

为筛选与线虫感染性相关的基因,本研究以猪蛔虫为对象,构建猪蛔虫感染期幼虫差异表达消减cDNA文库,为研究线虫期特异性发育的分子机制奠定基础。分别提取感染期幼虫和其它各期幼虫及成虫的总RNA,纯化mRNA后,采用Clontech公司PCR-selectTM试剂盒进行反转录合成cDNA并进行抑制消减杂交(SSH),构建猪蛔虫感染期幼虫差异表达的消减cDNA文库,并采用Southern斑点杂交进行消减效率的检测。随机从文库中抽取45个克隆进行测序及在线BLAST分析。试验结果表明,感染期幼虫差异表达的消减cDNA文库具有较强的特异性;在得到的41个表达序列标签(ESTs)中,有40个ESTs与已报道的基因有较高的相似性,主要代表猪蛔虫第三期幼虫基因和成虫头部基因,有1个cDNA片段可能代表新基因。猪蛔虫感染期幼虫差异表达消减cDNA文库的成功构建,为进一步研究幼虫发育差异表达基因的功能奠定了基础。     

A群猪轮状病毒JS株vp7基因序列分析

根据已发表的猪轮状病毒OSU毒株vp7基因核苷酸序列ORF两端保守区序列,设计一对特异引物,以猪轮状病毒JS毒株反转录cDNA为模板,通过PCR方法扩增出长约1000 bp目的片段。将其进行T-A克隆、序列测定和分析。结果表明,vp7基因全长1062 bp,含有一个981 bp的开放阅读框,编码326个氨基酸。与已知的15个毒株vp7全长基因的核苷酸及推导的氨基酸序列比较,同源性分别为74.5%～78.5%和75.2%～83.1%,核苷酸系统发育进化树结果表明,JS毒株与轮状病毒G9型参考毒株ICB2185、O-1亲缘关系较近,分为一个群,表明JS毒株血清型为G9型。目前,我国尚未见猪及其它动物轮状病毒G9型流行株的报道。