食糜在矛尾复鰕虎鱼消化道排空速度及其营养含量的变化

选择规格一致、健康无病、初始体质量(43.42±0.75)g的矛尾复鳙虎鱼240尾,随机分到20个水族箱内,每箱12尾.饱食量投喂鲜杂鱼.然后不同时间取样,测定胃、前肠、中肠、后肠内容物的质量及其粗蛋白、脂肪和水分含量,探讨食糜在矛尾复鰕虎鱼消化道排空速度及其营养含量的变化.试验结果表明,矛尾复鰕虎鱼在刚摄食后胃内容物达到最大值,并随着时间的延长减少,至22 h排空为0.线性回归模型能较好地用来模拟食糜在胃中的变化;食糜在前肠、中肠和后肠出现的时间分别为摄食后1、3 h和4 h.达到最大值的时间分别为摄食后12、9 h和10 h.试验结束时(投喂后26 h)前肠、中肠和后肠仍有剩余食糜.食糜中粗蛋白和脂肪含量在胃、前肠、中肠、后肠逐渐降低,但胃中粗脂肪含量高于食糜中的含量,而粗蛋白含量低于食糜中含量.     

刺参中间培育及生长特性的研究

研究报道了刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)的中间培育技术及其生长特性。刺参在大棚水泥池内,采用地下海水源,全人工饵料,培育60天,参苗大小由1310头/kg长至322头/kg。重量由78kg增至305kg,成活率96.4%,饵料系数1.76。培育过程中2-3cm的幼参生长最快,长得很慢的“老头参”占4.3%。培育的基本环境条件:盐度24.795±0.015;温度14.6-15.2℃;溶氧(DO)多为6-9mg/L;pH值7.2-7.6;铵氮0.2mg/L以下。     

Intake and discharge nutrient loads at three intensive shrimp farms

This study was conducted to help provide a framework for Australian regulation of shrimp farm siting and discharges. Monitoring of farm water usage, and intake and discharge water quality was conducted at three commercial intensive shrimp farms, chosen to represent different operating environments, latitudes, cultured species and management styles. Weekly samples were taken over 3 years, for 3–12 months at each farm, to investigate intake and discharge concentrations and loads of total suspended solids (TSS), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP). Mean water exchange was 1.4 ML ha^?1 day^?1 (about 10% day^?1) at the first farm studied and 0.5 ML ha^?1 day^?1 (about 3.6% day^?1) at the others. Farm mean discharge concentration varied as follows: TSS, from 36.9 to 119 mg L^?1; TN, from 2.1 to 3.1 mg L^?1 and TP, from 0.22 to 0.28 mg L^?1. Farm mean intake concentrations were from 11% to 91% of equivalent mean discharge concentration (for TN at Farm B and TSS at Farm C respectively). Mean net discharge loads, related to area of production ponds at each farm, varied as follows: TSS, from 4.8 to 85.7 kg ha^?1 day^?1; TN, from 1 to 1.8 kg ha^?1 day^?1 and TP, from 0.11 to 0.22 kg ha^?1 day^?1. The highest net loads of TSS, TN and TP were all from the farm with the highest water exchange rate, located on a coastal river, and studied during a year of high rainfall with associated poor water quality. These results can be used to help predict likely discharge characteristics for new shrimp farms, and provide a benchmark against which to evaluate future improvements in shrimp farm environmental management.     

PVDF型籽粒损失传感器研究探讨

通过研究总结国内外籽粒损失传感器普遍存在适应性差、价格高等问题,在国内首次提出PVDF型籽粒损失传感器的设计方案.通过研究PVDF材料的特性与应用现状,讨论了PVDF在籽粒损失传感器上应用的可行性及优势,并结合已有研究成果和相关PVDF压电薄膜传感器实验室制作工艺的文献资料,初步确定在实验室中利用PVDF 压电薄膜制作籽粒损失传感器的主要过程,为进一步设计、制作经济、实用的籽粒损失传感器提供理论依据和实践基础.     

不同水肥模式的水稻叶面积修正系数试验研究

叶面积修正系数直接决定着长宽修正系数法测量叶面积的精确程度.为探讨水肥模式对水稻叶面积修正系数的影响,基于水稻实测叶面积及叶片长、宽数据计算叶面积修正系数,并分析其变化规律.结果表明,各处理生育前期水稻叶面积修正系数接近或超过经验值0.75,中期较小,抽穗开花期略有上升并稳定至0.7左右.常规灌溉处理上层叶片叶面积修正系数较控制灌溉大,叶片更加细长.不同肥料处理中,控释肥处理叶面积修正系数普遍偏低;常规肥及实地肥处理在生育前期可以采用经验值进行叶面积计算;抽穗开花及以后各生育期,各处理均可采用相同的叶面积修正系数;生育中期各处理叶面积修正系数较低.     

干旱胁迫对枣树叶片生理的影响

以盆栽2年生蒙山脆枣和沾化冬枣为试材,研究了不同干旱胁迫程度对叶片水分饱和亏、叶片保水力、游离脯氨酸含量、SOD活性、POD活性、甜菜碱含量等生理指标的影响。结果表明:尽管品种间的变化存在差异,但随着干旱胁迫程度的加重,两品种的叶片保水力呈下降趋势,水分饱和亏、Pro含量、甜菜碱含量呈增加趋势,SOD、POD活性呈先升高后下降趋势;高含量的甜菜碱有利于枣叶片保持较高的水分含量,甜菜碱、Pro含量与枣品种的抗旱性存在一定的正相关关系,可以作为枣品种抗旱性鉴定的指标。     

水稻条纹叶枯病的为害损失及防治指标

2004-2006年在浙江北部系统地调查了水稻条纹叶枯病发病动态和为害损失。单季晚稻秧田期介体灰飞虱有效虫量（X2）与水稻株发病率（Y1）的关系式为Y1=0.0873 + 1.0757X2,晚稻本田株发病率（X）与产量损失率（Y）总关系式为Y=0.1254+0.7551X。在现有生产条件下,经济允许水平以损失率表示为2.0%~2.5%,制订了水稻条纹叶枯病防治指标为水稻秧苗期和本田前期介体灰飞虱有效虫量2~3头/m2,该指标已在生产上大面积推广应用。     

马铃薯营养物质分配对蕾花果脱落的影响

以乌H4 的母本 0 81和父本NS4 0 37为材料 ,通过田间和室内试验对马铃薯蕾花果脱落的一般规律进行了观察研究 ,并从解剖学和生理学方面对导致脱落的原因进行了深入研究。结果表明 ,马铃薯蕾花果脱落的一般规律为落蕾多于落花 ,落花多于落果 ;不同花序和同一花序不同位置上的蕾花果脱落不相同。花蕾发育过程中四分体以前花序营养状况 ,浆果发育过程中胚形成前浆果营养状况对脱落有主要影响 ,这两时期N、P、K等养分供应不足会严重影响花蕾和浆果的发育。导致养分不足的主要原因是马铃薯生育期间地上、地下两个营养中心养分竞争激烈。     

Agronomic Practices Influence Maize Grain Quality

Abstract

Maize grain yields have increased dramatically over the past fifty years, and concurrently end-uses have proliferated requiring special quality characteristics. Plant breeders have developed many specialty types of maize, all of which are influenced by the agronomic practices used to produce the crop. Grain yield increases have resulted in lower protein concentration except when the yield increase resulted from nitrogen fertilizer application. Irrigation improves the biological value of protein, while higher nitrogen application rates alter the amino acid balance thereby reducing the nutritional value. Kernel breakage susceptibility and kernel density increase with higher nitrogen fertilizer application rates, and are reduced by irrigation. Extractable starch and oil concentration are largely influenced by hybrid choice, but small production practice effects have been documented. Essential mineral nutrient levels are often influenced by soil or foliar fertilizer application. The production of aflatoxin can be reduced by irrigation or other strategies to avoid water stress during grain fill. Although genetics usually exerts the largest effect on maize grain quality, agronomic practices are also important.     

邓州市耕地有效态硫元素丰缺状况分析、产生原因及应变对策

该文通过对邓州市2006~2007连续两年所分析的4700个土样有效硫（S）化验结果整理分析发现,邓州市目前近30%耕地中有效态硫含量对禾谷类作物而言是缺乏的,有近60%的耕地中有效态硫含量对于种植十字花科、百合科、豆科等需硫较多的作物来说,属于潜在缺硫耕地;同时从施肥结构、种植结构变化详细分析了其产生的原因,并依据硫在植物体内移动状况、硫肥性状等因素提出相应对策。