A genetic study of popping quality in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)

Summary Two crosses of sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench (IS 1054 × ICSV-1, and IS 5604 × IS 1054) were evaluated in parental, F1, F2, and backcross generations for the variation in their popping quality as measured by pop volume (ml). Dominance was in the direction of low pop volume. Dominance and additive gene effects, in that order, governed most of the variation, while significant dominance x dominance type of interaction effects could also be detected. There was no evidence for higher order gene interactions.Approved as Journal Article 630 by the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, P.O. 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India.     

Genotypes of Hybrid Necrosis in 25 Spring Varieties of Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Book reviewed in this articles: Cereal Grain Protein Improvement. Shivanna, K. R., and B. M. Johri, The Angiosperm Pollen. Structure and Function. Gustafson, J. P., Gene Manipulation in Plant Improvement. Backer, A. W., Manual of Quantitative Genetics. Fishbeck, G., W. Plarre und W. Schuster (Hrag.) , Hoffmann , W., A. Plarre : Lehrbush der Züchtung landwirtschaftlicher Kulturflanzen, Bd. 2, Spezieller Teil, 2. Auflage. Dodds, J. H. (editor and author), Plant Genetic Engineering. Fiechter, A. (managing editor), Advanced in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology. Vol. 31. Plant Cell Culture.     

Differences in the diversity of oribatid mite communities in forests and agrosystems lands

A field study was conducted in the province of Burgos (Castile, NW of Spain) to assess the role and influence of the different anthropic use of soil on the oribatid mite communities (Acari, Oribatida).Soil samples from 20 representative soil sites of the Castilian upland steppes, with cultured, pastureland or forest soil uses, were taken in spring and autumn 2000. Thereafter, soil samples were analysed in terms of their mesofaunal biodiversity, measured using the real and relative diversity of the oribatid mite communities.Collected individuals were identified to species level, being altogether 111 Oribatid species. Results from communities' ordination analysis showed clear gradients based on community variables. One of these was defined by plots with high values of diversity and species richness which correspond to the less anthropic natural soils, mainly oak forest. In contrast, the most anthropic agrosystems soils, including extensive cereal crops, most of them receiving only mineral fertilisation or having human management, were placed in opposite gradients. Differences in biodiversity between crop lands and natural soils were also confirmed by ANOVA. The seasonality, measured in terms of difference between spring and autumn plots, played a minimum role in explaining differences of diversity. Nevertheless autumn diversity values were slightly higher than those of spring, except for crops.     

重庆市城乡要素流动赋能乡村多元价值实现机制

准确认知城乡要素流动赋能乡村多元价值实现机制，既能激发乡村内生动力又能确保农民持续增收，对于建设宜居宜业和美乡村具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。该研究以城乡界面间要素流动的吸纳、融合和冲突作用为介质，解析城乡要素流动与乡村多元价值实现的逻辑关联，以重庆市为研究区，分别构建指标体系测度城乡要素流动和乡村多元价值实现，进而解析其相关关系以理清其赋能过程与实现机制，结果表明：1）城乡要素人口流动、资源转移和社会互动综合作用赋能乡村多元价值，表征为供给价值、调节价值、传承价值和服务价值的实现，其中人口流动是核心，资源转移是重点，社会互动是动力；2）重庆市乡村多元价值实现程度总体上呈正态分布，其中，人口流动对供给价值和调节价值具有正向促进作用、对传承价值具有反向抑制作用，相关系数分别为0.40、0.37、-0.56；资源转移对供给价值、调节价值和服务价值具有正向促进作用，相关系数分别为0.31、0.37、0.39；社会互动对调节价值、服务价值具有正向促进作用、对传承价值具有反向抑制作用，相关系数分别为0.42、0.46、-0.57；3）针对重庆市城乡人口流动频繁、资源转移和社会互动较少的现实情景，从以县域为重要载体构建新型城乡关系、全要素流动为核心的要素自由流动制度性通道、高质量提升乡村价值实现能力3个层次提出了加快乡村价值实现的路径。     

高效杀螨复配剂的比较试验

采用1980年国际粮农组织推荐的玻片浸渍法,用灭扫利、双甲眯、三氯杀螨酵、克螨特、霸螨灵、浏阳霉素等杀虫、杀螨剂之间的配合比例,对山植叶螨和朱砂叶螨在室内进行毒力测定,结果表明.灭扫利和双甲眯两种药剂混配有明显的增效作用,其中以灭扫利与双甲眯以1:8混配的效果最好.     

杀虫剂的不同施用方法对棉蚜的控制作用研究

用涂茎、喷雾和拌种３种方法施药，定时采样测定棉苗中内吸杀虫剂的数量动态及调查对棉蚜的控制作用。结果表明：喷雾法施药，久效磷在棉苗中对棉蚜的有效控制期为５天；克百威粒剂拌种施药，用药量虽大，但对棉蚜有效控制期仅为１０天；涂茎法施药，药剂用量少，棉苗中药剂浓度高，对棉蚜的有效控制期可达１２天以上。     

普通基因型玉米主要品质性状的遗传研究

本文通过7×7的双列杂交,对玉米籽粒品质性状进行了遗传研究。蛋白质和赖氨酸含量的中亲优势和超高亲优势均为负值,其它品质性状均为正值。所有品质性状的 GCA 和 SCA均方均显著或极显著。蛋白质含量的显性效应略大于加性效应,赖氨酸、赖氨酸/100g 蛋白质、油分含量均以加性效应为主,而淀粉含量则以显性效应为主,且具有一定上位性;蛋白质和赖氨酸含量为显性减效,其余为显性增效。分析了相关关系并讨论了品质育种的有关问题。     

植物病原真菌的拮抗放线菌筛选

[目的]筛选对植物病原真菌有抑制作用的拮抗放线菌。[方法]以棉花枯萎病菌为靶标菌,采用稀释平板法从4份土样中分离放线菌,筛选拮抗放线菌并测定其理化特性和抗菌谱。[结果]分离到113株放线菌,获得拮抗菌株23株,其中6株对棉花枯萎病菌抗性较强。除332#菌株外,其他菌株均可液化明胶。除323#菌株外,其他菌株均可胨化牛奶。6株拮抗放线菌的利用淀粉能力都较强。219#和323#可分解纤维素。121#3、23#3、27#和430#最适生长温度约为28℃,219#和332#分别为28~35℃和35~40℃。6菌株最适生长pH值均为6~7。6菌株对棉花枯萎病菌有较强的抑制作用。菌株121#、219#抗菌谱较广,对真菌抗性明显。[结论]121#3、27#和430#在初步液体培养中生长良好,产生较高抗菌活性物质,可用于抗真菌代谢产物的研究和应用。     

几种金属离子对萼花臂尾轮虫的急性毒性试验

萼花臂尾轮虫是鱼苗最适口的优质饵料之一，也是生态研究的主要对象之一。其适应力强、生长快、繁殖迅速、培养成本低，极易在生产实践中推广应用。并可作为水环境监测的指示生物。通过对萼花臂尾轮虫的24h标准化急性毒性试验，证明了Zn^2 、Pb^2 、Cu^2 、Cd^2 对萼花臂尾轮虫具有急性毒害作用。     

魔芋组织培养中的褐变机理及防控措施

从魔芋组织培养中褐变发生的原因,发生的条件和现象分析了魔芋组织培养中褐变产生的机理。并结合近年来的研究总结了褐变的防控措施:选择魔芋的外植体年龄越小、切取外植体的体积适当的较大、避免在高温季节采收外植体并对其进行预培养;培养基中生长激素2,4-D浓度适当的降低和细胞分裂素浓度相对提高;把培养基放在低温和黑暗条件下进行培养;接种时将培养体切面浸入培养基中,将初代接种后的外植体尽快转移到新鲜培养基中;在培养基中分别添加活性炭(500mg/L)、半胱氨酸、二氧化硫、(100mg/L)PVP(聚乙烯毗咯烷酮)或抗坏血酸(Vc)等都能有效降低魔芋组织培养中的褐变率。