番荔枝主要虫害防治及其杀虫活性研究概述

就当前番荔枝(Annona squamosa L.)生产中主要的虫害及其杀虫活性的研究进展进行了阐述,对番荔枝生产过程中存在的主要虫害的症状、发生规律及防治方法进行了总结,并对我国未来番荔枝虫害的综合防治技术进行了初步探讨。     

Effects of crude seed extracts of Annona atemoya and Annona squamosa L. against the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni in the laboratory and greenhouse

Antifeedant, growth inhibitory and toxic effects of crude seed extracts of Annona squamosa and Annona atemoya from Fazenda Viveiro Bona, Parasisópolis – Minas Gerais, Brazil, were evaluated against the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) using different bioassays. Crude methanolic seed extracts deterred feeding of third instar T. ni larvae in a leaf disc choice bioassay. A. squamosa was ∼10 times more active as a feeding deterrent than A. atemoya (DC₅₀ = 2.3 mg/ml vs. 20.1 mg/ml). A. squamosa was ∼three times more active as a growth inhibitor than A. atemoya (EC₅₀ = 38.0 ppm vs. 117.0 ppm). Methanolic seed extracts of A. squamosa and A. atemoya were toxic to third instar T. ni larvae both through topical and oral application. A. squamosa was more toxic through feeding (LC₅₀ = 167.5 ppm vs. 382.4 ppm) whereas, A. atemoya exerted greater toxicity via topical application (LC₅₀ = 301.3 μg/larva vs. 197.7 μg/larva). Both A. squamosa and A. atemoya extracts reduced leaf area consumption and larval growth in a greenhouse experiment. Our results indicate that both A. squamosa and A. atemoya have potential for development as botanical insecticides, especially for local use in Brazil.     

复合涂膜保鲜剂对番荔枝模拟贮运期间品质的影响

研究大黄与五倍子复合涂膜保鲜剂涂膜对番荔枝模拟贮运期间贮藏品质的影响,明确该保鲜剂的保鲜效果。将保鲜剂涂膜的番荔枝作为处理组、未涂膜的果实作为对照(CK),分别置于加冰的泡沫箱中贮藏20 h模拟当地贮运技术,之后开箱放置于常温下贮藏,考察复合涂膜保鲜剂对番荔枝感官品质及其生理生化的影响。结果表明,与CK组比较,经涂膜处理后番荔枝果实的裂果、烂果、霉果和失重情况明显改善,褐变指数和乙烯释放量显著降低;有效延缓了果实软化,延迟了呼吸高峰第1次出现的时间,抑制呼吸高峰的第2次出现,可显著降低淀粉酶活性、减缓淀粉转化为可溶性固形物的速度。该保鲜剂可有效延缓番荔枝模拟贮运期间果实的衰老,起到较为理想的保鲜效果。     

圆滑番荔枝叶乙醇提取物不同萃取组分对胡椒瘟病菌的抑菌活性测定

采用液-液分配法对圆滑番荔枝叶乙醇提取物进行萃取分离，得到石油醚、三氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯等不同萃取组分。采用生长速率法测定不同萃取组分对胡椒瘟病菌的抑制作用。结果表明：乙酸乙酯萃取组分对胡椒瘟病菌的抑制作用最强，其中20 mg/mL乙酸乙酯萃取组分对胡椒瘟病菌菌丝生长的抑制率达到74.43%，具有较好的抑菌效果。     

Bio-guided isolation of the cytotoxic corytenchine and isocoreximine from roots of Annona cherimolia

The roots of Annona cherimolia have been shown to contain the known tetrahydroprotoberberine alkaloids corytenchine (1) and isocoreximine (2), investigated for their cytotoxic properties.     

具鳞水柏枝扦插繁育技术研究

采用同一基质、不同生根剂进行具鳞水柏枝硬枝扦插育苗对比试验。结果表明:不同生根剂对插穗生根影响不存在显著性差异。秋季温室苗床扦插较易生根,插穗不需要特殊处理就可生根成活,成活率达93.50%,且根质好,根系分布均匀,而且经济实惠。     

Pollen germination as affected by pollen age in cherimoya

Cherimoya (Annona cherimola (Mill.)) is a subtropical fruit tree, which is cultivated in a good range of subtropical regions. In most of these areas the crop relies on hand pollination. However, following this practice, erratic fruit set is often produced, which could be related to problems in pollen handling. Indeed, very little is known of the time that the pollen remains viable and on which is the best stage to collect the anthers or pollen from the flower. The aim of this work is to evaluate pollen germinability prior and after anther dehiscence and also how the age of pollen affects pollen vigor, understood as speed of germination. Pollen samples at different times following anther dehiscence were germinated in vitro and in vivo. Pollen up to 90 min following dehiscence performed as well as freshly dehisced pollen. However, the pollen taken 120 min following dehiscence, showed a clear reduction in vigor and germinated much slower in vivo. To overcome this short pollen germinability, pollen was taken from anthers 30 and 5 h prior to natural anther dehiscence and compared with pollen taken at anther dehiscence and 20 h later. However, a reduction in germination rate was obtained in pollen taken prior to anther dehiscence. The narrow stage at which pollen can be collected together to its ephemeral germinability explains erratic results obtained following hand pollination in this crop and these results provide the clues for an adequate pollen handling.     

番荔枝属果树栽培研究进展

概述了20世纪80年代以来番荔枝科(Annonaceae)番荔枝属(Annona)果树品种选育、生物学特性、栽培技术、采后处理等方面的研究成果，同时对华南地区发展番荔枝生产的有关技术问题提出了建议．     

番荔枝组织培养初步研究

对番荔枝的组织培养技术进行了研究.结果表明:以幼叶为外植体,采用NB+2,4-D 1 mg/L+6-BA 0.5 mg/L作为愈伤诱导培养基以及12 h光照处理,出愈率可达到87.50%;最佳分化培养基为NB+TDZ1 mg/L+6-BA 2mg/L+NAA 0.5mg/L,分化率为28.89%.     

Genetic Diversity in a Worldwide Collection of Cherimoya Cultivars

Genetic diversity of 206 cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.) cultivars representing the major regions of production was determined from an analysis of 23 isozyme loci. Gene diversity in cherimoya was high, although not equally distributed among countries. Peru and Ecuador, the countries of origin of this species, showed the greatest diversity, and Spain and Madeira (Portugal) showed the least, probably due to genetics bottlenecks resulting from limited introduction. Cultivars from California showed high values for several genetic diversity measures, likely due to their diverse origins. The expansion of cherimoya cultivation out the area of origin has produced a change in the apportionment of genetic diversity, with an increase in the inter-populational components, but likely without a general erosion overall.