小型农产品分选机设计与试验

针对家庭农场及小规模营销的需要,设计了基于机器视觉的小型农产品分选机。农产品在平胶带上形成多通道阵列式输送,以DSP作为机器视觉单元的核心,采集一帧图像可分析多个通道,并根据农产品的形状、颜色等图像特征进行分选。在水平输送速度为9.2 cm/s、农产品输送间隔为16 cm、4通道并行输送的条件下,选用核桃、红枣及栗子3种农产品进行了分选机性能测试。试验表明,机器能够可靠工作;核桃、红枣和栗子的分选准确性分别为91.66%、94.79%和97.39%;分选速度达8 800个/h。因此采用DSP芯片作为小型分选机的机器视觉核心是可行的,可以为农产品分选机的小型化、低成本提供技术支持。     

农业机器人自主导航改进自适应滤波控制器研究

为提高导航精度与控制精度,对农业机器人的自主导航控制进行研究。结合Sage-Husa自适应滤波与强跟踪卡尔曼滤波两种算法优点,利用严格收敛判据,设计了改进的自适应卡尔曼滤波算法。新算法保证了系统的实时性和稳定性,且具有更好的滤波精度。利用变结构切换方法来阻止PID控制器积分饱和现象,有效解决了控制器过饱和问题。将改进的自适应滤波算法与变结构PID控制器相结合,可提高导航系统的稳定性和精度。对所提理论进行仿真与试验,结果表明该方法大幅度提高了滤波器抑制发散的能力和导航的控制精度。     

人工神经网络NIR定量分析方法及其软件实现

在Visual C＋＋环境中采用面向对象技术，开发了PCA-MBP-NIR定量分析模型软件。通过40份小麦样品的原始光谱、加噪光谱（信噪比为14dB）与含水率所建立的PLS-NIR与PCA-MBP-NIR模型，对10份未知小麦样品的原始光谱、加噪光谱分别进行含水率的PLS-NIR与PCA-MBP-NIR预测分析。分析表明，对于含噪声的光谱，与PLS建模相比，使用PCA-MBP-NIR对未知样品预测结果具有更高的相关系数，更低的预测误差标准差。     

图表法在农学生物化学教学中的应用

对图表法在农学生物化学教学中的应用做了探讨,证明这种方法有助于调动学生学习的积极性、改善教学效果和提高教学质量,值得更多教师在教学实践中进行尝试。     

农业科研院所科研开发模式研究

阐述了农业科研院所在科研开发过程中的发展现状,指出了其存在的主要问题:精力与经费不足,科研开发两头难以兼顾;产权制度缺陷可能导致农业科研院所背上沉重的包袱;缺乏与企业合作,低水平重复研究现象比较普遍。提出了农业科研院所科研开发模式的建议:优先考虑技术成果直接转让模式,其次推崇合作开发—技术入股模式,最后要慎用创办企业—科研生产销售一体化模式。     

Where Is Agricultural Economics and AgriBusiness Research Information Published and Indexed? A Comparison of Coverage in Web of Knowledge,CAB Abstracts,EconLit, and Google Scholar

ABSTRACT

Identifying the best source of information to satisfy the needs of local clientele has always been the challenge facing collection development and instruction librarians. In order to provide users with the best possible access tool and source for comprehensive information, it is important that librarians be aware of the most productive sources of information in a field. This paper identifies where the bulk of agricultural economics research is published and indexed. It also ascertains whether Google Scholar is as productive in covering this information as CAB Abstracts and EconLit. The cited reference counts for the top 50 cited sources in Web of Knowledge and Google Scholar are also compared. The scatter of the journal literature in this field, based on the Library of Congress Subject Headings, is also provided. The study identified a broad range of article scattering in areas where agricultural economics and agribusiness materials are published. On the cited reference count, Google Scholar was as productive as the Web of Knowledge. Google Scholar is a free source of very useful information for cited references and other subject searches in the area of agricultural economics and could be used to complement traditional databases.     

Examination of thermal and acid hydrolysis procedures in characterization of soil organic matter

Abstract

Differential thermogravimetry (DTG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and stepwise thermogravimetry (STG), together with two acid hydrolysis methods (hydrolysis with hydrochloric acid in a single step, and hydrolysis with sulfuric acid in two steps), were evaluated to determine the quality of four plant materials (Medicago sativa, Eucalyptus globulus, Quercus ilex, and Pinus halepensis) before and after mixing with a red earth. These quality indices were then compared with the same materials in the field, whether their decomposition could be predicted. All the thermal methods gave poor results. In both DTG and DSC, the presence of the mineral matrix gave rise to strong distortions in the spectra. Since the spectrum of any mixture is not simply the sum of the spectra of the two components (organic matter + mineral matter), these distortions could not be corrected by simply subtracting the spectrum of the red earth alone. STG trials also gave poor results, because the presence of the mineral matrix greatly increased the quality indices, and reduced the ability of the method to distinguish between organic matter qualities. In view of our results, the usefulness of thermal methods in the characterization of soil organic matter would seem to be restricted to certain organic horizons (L, F, and perhaps H). In contrast, methods based on acid hydrolysis were comparatively more satisfactory. Their resolution (ability to distinguish organic matter qualities) was much higher than that of thermal methods. However, they were able to distinguish carbon more accurately than nitrogen. The sulfuric acid method, unlike the hydrochloric acid method, was affected by the presence of a mineral matrix. While both methods could be improved, in their present form they seem to operate as good predictors of carbon and nitrogen mineralization.     

涵江区农产品质量安全现状及对策初探

分析福建省莆田市涵江区农产品质量安全工作取得的成绩和存在的问题,从提升全区的农产品质量安全水平的角度,提出对策建议。     

《农业与工业化》：农机化理论宝库 ——“发展经济学”创始人张培刚博士论文初识

"发展经济学"创始人张培刚1945年的博士论文《农业与工业化》,是近代农业机械化理论之集大成者。由于社会和历史的原因,这一农业机械化理论宝库一直未被认真开发、应用于我国农业机械化的实践,以致走了不少弯路。随着一代经济学大师的离世,如今,挖掘、开发这一理论宝库,用之培养新型农业机械化人才,指导我国农机化实践,必将结出丰硕之果。     

对基本实现农业机械化评价体系的探讨——以江苏省苏州市为例

阐述基本实现农业机械化应坚持的基本思想;明确了基本实现农业机械化的内涵、标志和评价指标体系建立的基本原则;初步构建了评价体系的基本框架。