不结球白菜维生素C和可溶性糖含量的遗传分析

采用主基因—多基因混合遗传模型分析方法,对不结球白菜乌塌菜×矮脚黄、雪克青×矮脚黄两个组合的维生素Ｃ、可溶性糖含量进行单世代和联合世代遗传分析。结果表明,两组合中维生素Ｃ含量遗传符合一个主基因和多基因的混合遗传模型,主基因遗传率为５２６８％～７４１２％。可溶性糖在雪克青×矮脚黄组合中也符合主基因—多基因遗传模型,主基因遗传率为８９７３％～８９７９％。维生素Ｃ和可溶性糖主基因效应均以加性效应为主,在乌塌菜×矮脚黄组合中,两性状主基因有较明显的负向显性效应,在雪克青×矮脚黄组合中,显性效应不明显。育种实践中应注重对主基因加性效应的利用。     

粳稻外观品质的选择效果

为改良江苏粳稻的外观品质,以日本优质粳稻与江苏高产粳稻杂交后代为材料,研究了垩白粒率、垩白度和透明度等外观品质的选择效果.结果表明,在F4～F6代对垩白粒率、垩白度和透明度等外观品质进行选择的效果较好,上下世代间外观品质的表现有明显的相关关系,在F4和F5代外观品质达国际一级的单株,其下一代有70%以上单株的外观品质仍可达到一级标准.不同组合优质单株的出现机率存在明显差异.     

N-(pyrid-3-yl)thioureas and derivatives as acaricides. II. Quantitative structure-activity relationships and chemodynamic behaviour

The biological activity of a series of N-(pyrid-3-yl)thioureas and -carbodiimides, analogues of the insecticide/acaricide diafenthiuron, towards the carmine spider mite (Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisd.) and the two-spotted spider mite (T. urticae Koch) was analysed using QSAR methodology. A canonical correlation analysis allowed for the establishment of a prediction model and the identification of outliers within that model. The chemodynamic behaviour of certain compounds in the two series, including these outliers, determined by using photochemical experiments in the laboratory as well as in the glasshouse, was shown to be responsible for anomalous results obtained in the biological tests. It was found from the above study that the biological activity towards both spider mite species is extremely sensitive to the kinetics of formation of the carbodiimides from the corresponding thioureas and to the photostability of the former. The results obtained with a thiourea which underwent no appreciable photochemical transformation into the corresponding carbodiimide supported the hypothesis that the thioureas are also in-vivo propesticides of the acaricidal carbodiimides.     

Effect of temperature and leaf wetness duration on infection of sweet oranges by Asiatic citrus canker

Asiatic citrus canker, caused by Xanthomonas smithii ssp. citri , formerly X. axonopodis pv. citri , is one of the most serious phytosanitary problems in Brazilian citrus crops. Experiments were conducted under controlled conditions to assess the influence of temperature and leaf wetness duration on infection and subsequent symptom development of citrus canker in sweet orange cvs Hamlin, Natal, Pera and Valencia. The quantified variables were incubation period, disease incidence, disease severity, mean lesion density and mean lesion size at temperatures of 12, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 42°C, and leaf wetness durations of 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 h. Symptoms did not develop at 42°C. A generalized beta function showed a good fit to the temperature data, severity being highest in the range 30–35°C. The relationship between citrus canker severity and leaf wetness duration was explained by a monomolecular model, with the greatest severity occurring at 24 h of leaf wetness, with 4 h of wetness being the minimum duration sufficient to cause 100% incidence at optimal temperatures of 25–35°C. Mean lesion density behaved similarly to disease severity in relation to temperature variation and leaf wetness duration. A combined monomolecular-beta generalized model fitted disease severity, mean lesion density or lesion size as a function of both temperature and duration of leaf wetness. The estimated minimum and maximum temperatures for the occurrence of disease were 12°C and 40°C, respectively.     

Major gene resistance in Brassica napus (oilseed rape) is overcome by changes in virulence of populations of Leptosphaeria maculans in France and Australia

Resistance of Brassica napus (oilseed rape, canola) conferred by three different major resistance genes has been overcome by changes in virulence of Leptosphaeria maculans populations in France and Australia. In South Australia where B. napus cultivars with major gene resistance derived from Brassica rapa ssp. sylvestris were grown extensively, resistance was rendered ineffective within 3 years of commercial release of the cultivar. Disease severity was higher on cultivars with sylvestris-derived resistance than cultivars with polygenic resistance. This Australian situation is compared to that in France, where resistance conferred by the Rlm1 gene was overcome nation-wide in 5 years under commercial cropping practices, and also where a source of resistance introgressed into B. napus from B. juncea was rendered inefficient in 3 years in experimental field plots near Rennes.     

盐胁迫下百合两个品种的叶绿体和线粒体超微结构比较

 对两个百合品种盐胁迫下超微结构的变化进行了研究分析。结果表明: ‘Prato’对照和低盐浓度处理下, 叶肉细胞内细胞器丰富, 叶绿体片层排列整齐, 高盐处理导致细胞器减少, 叶绿体解体; 而‘Sorbonne’在低盐处理水平表现异常, 其细胞器降解, 叶绿体空化, 片层排列松散, 且两品种的线粒体较叶绿体早表现出异常, 故推测可能是线粒体结构的损伤进而功能丧失, 最终导致叶绿体结构和功能的破坏,叶片提前衰老。     

白菜病程相关蛋白1基因cDNA全长的克隆与分析

 以水杨酸处理后的‘苏州青’白菜为材料, 通过RT2PCR和RACE技术, 获得了白菜病程相关蛋白PR-1基因的cDNA全长序列。该基因与甘蓝型油菜PR-1基因氨基酸序列的同源性为91% , 与拟南芥的同源性为78% , 与其它植物的同源性为57%～60%。Southern杂交表明该基因在白菜基因组中的拷贝数至少为2个。半定量RT2PCR分析表明, 2 mmol/L的水杨酸处理后12 h, 该基因的表达量达到高峰。     

丽水市滩圩引种雷竹试验初报

在丽水市滩圩经过几年的引种雷竹试验,现已初具规模,生长良好,据此提出今后在滩圩引种发展雷竹的成功经验,应注意做好造林地、造林季节的选择,改良土壤,做好抗旱防涝等措施。     

食用笋周年供应配置技术研究

根据每个竹种的不同的出笋期选用雷竹、角竹、金竹、绿竹、吊丝单及毛竹(冬笋)配置成周年供笋生产模式样板20公顷。对竹笋的产量、笋期,作了观察、调查。认为在年平均气温18℃左右、一月份平均气温7～8℃、极端最低气温不低于-5℃的条件下,或有丛生的食用竹笋生产的地区,可按此模式配置成周年供笋生产。     

雷竹引种栽培试验与丰产培育技术

雷竹引种栽培试验结果表明:雷竹引种栽培成活率达94 5%,当年出笋率31%,次年出笋率87%,第3a出笋率98%。并介绍了雷竹丰产培育的主要技术措施。