白术提取液急性毒性试验

测定白术提取液对小鼠腹腔注射和肌内注射的急性毒性,评价其安全性,为临床安全用药提供依据.采用最大给药量法,将60只小鼠随机分为3组,每组20只,分为白术提取液100g/kg腹腔注射组、20 g/kg肌内注射组和生理盐水100mL/kg腹腔注射组,注射给药后连续观察7 d,测定其1日最大给药量,确定白术提取液的急性毒性.结果表明,小鼠腹腔注射和肌内注射的1日最大给药量依次为100和20 g/kg,分别相当于临床犬日用量的400和80倍.说明白术提取液较为安全,可在临床研究试用.     

DNA methylation and targeted sequencing of methyltransferases family genes in canine acute myeloid leukaemia,modelling human myeloid leukaemia

Tumours shows aberrant DNA methylation patterns, being hypermethylated or hypomethylated compared with normal tissues. In human acute myeloid leukaemia (hAML) mutations in DNA methyltransferase (DNMT3A) are associated to a more aggressive tumour behaviour. As AML is lethal in dogs, we defined global DNA methylation content, and screened the C‐terminal domain of DNMT3 family of genes for sequence variants in 39 canine acute myeloid leukaemia (cAML) cases. A heterogeneous pattern of DNA methylation was found among cAML samples, with subsets of cases being hypermethylated or hypomethylated compared with healthy controls; four recurrent single nucleotide variations (SNVs) were found in DNMT3L gene. Although SNVs were not directly correlated to whole genome DNA methylation levels, all hypomethylated cAML cases were homozygous for the deleterious mutation at p.Arg222Trp. This study contributes to understand genetic modifications of cAML, leading up to studies that will elucidate the role of methylome alterations in the pathogenesis of AML in dogs.     

Acute phase proteins as indicators of stress in Baladi goats from Jordan

This study aimed to evaluate haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in goats following exposure to heat and transportation stressors. In the heat stress (HS) experiment (4-week period), six goats were exposed to direct solar radiation vs. six goats exposed to shade regimen. In the transportation stress experiment, six goats were transported for 2?h in a vehicle vs. a control group (n?=?6). Blood samples were collected and serum concentrations of acute phase proteins (APPs) were measured. Rectal temperature, respiratory rate, heart rate, and body weight were recorded. All statistical analyses were performed using the proc General Linear Model (SPSS 19.0). Results indicated that Hp and SAA concentrations were significantly affected by HS (P?P?相似文献   

强力型油烟机清洁剂对泥鳅的毒性研究

[目的]评估强力型油烟机清洁剂的环境毒性。[方法]以泥鳅为试验动物,设置强力型油烟机清洁剂对其急性毒性和生理毒性试验,研究油烟机清洁剂对泥鳅的半数致死浓度及其对泥鳅肝脏谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性的影响。[结果]油烟机清洁剂对泥鳅具有明显的毒性。处理后泥鳅开始表现为兴奋不安地游动,而后反应迟钝,身体失去平衡,出现翻肚甚至死亡现象。油烟机清洁剂对泥鳅24、48、96h的半致死浓度分别为6.507、5.762、5.423ml/L。油烟机清洁剂在一定程度上可抑制泥鳅肝脏谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶的活性,且均具有时间、剂量效应。[结论]油烟机清洁剂对水生生物的急性毒性和生理毒性表现出明显的时间、剂量效应。     

6种常见药物对杂交鳢的急性毒性试验

[目的]为杂交鳢的苗种培育及鱼病防治提供参考。[方法]在室内静水条件下,采用常规生物毒性方法研究6种常见药物（甲苯咪唑、铜铁合剂、硫酸铜、敌百虫、三氯异氰尿酸、甲醛溶液）对杂交鳢的急性毒性效应。[结果]6种药物对杂交鳢的安全浓度分别为硫酸铜0.09mg/L、铜铁合剂0.07mg/L、敌百虫0.17mg/L、三氯异氰尿酸0.36mg/L、甲苯咪唑0.029mg/L、甲醛溶液24.57mg/L;杂交鳢对供试药物的敏感性依次为：甲苯咪唑〉铜铁合剂〉硫酸铜〉敌百虫〉三氯异氰尿酸〉甲醛溶液。[结论]硫酸铜、敌百虫、三氯异氰尿酸、甲苯咪唑和甲醛溶液对杂交鳢的安全浓度均与常规使用浓度相当或低于常规使用浓度,因此这些药物均可用来防治相应的杂交鳢疾病。     

PCR结合变性高效液相色谱法与荧光定量PCR法在检测禽白血病中的比较与应用

本研究旨在比较PCR结合变性高效液相色谱技术(PCR-DHPLC)与荧光定量PCR(Real-time PCR)两种方法在检测禽白血病中的应用。根据禽白血病pol基因序列,设计1对引物和1条探针,利用引物进行禽白血病模板的RT-PCR扩增,产物经变性高效液相色谱上样处理;利用引物及探针进行荧光定量PCR扩增,结果与PCR-DHPLC进行比对。两种方法同时用正常鸡胚尿囊液、鸭瘟病毒、传染性支气管炎病毒、鹅细小病毒、H5N1亚型禽流感病毒、新城疫病毒、传染性法氏囊病毒、减蛋综合症病毒做特异性检测;以稀释成不同梯度的AV228毒株核酸做敏感性检测。试验结果表明PCR-DHPLC方法只对禽白血病病原有阳性扩增的吸收峰,Real-time PCR也只对禽白血病病原有阳性扩增,两法均对其他禽源病毒核酸无特异性扩增;PCR-DHPLC与Real-time PCR法相比,灵敏度虽低于Real-time PCR 1个数量级,但检测限仍可达到3 pg核酸模板。两种方法均能检测到感染鸡的泄殖腔拭子所采集的病毒量。采集120份蛋鸡棉拭子同时进行临床检测,两种方法检测ALV的符合率为100%(15/120)。研究表明两种方法均可用于诊断禽白血病病毒。     

Use of haloperidol and azaperone for stress control in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) captured by means of drive-nets

The physical capture of wild ungulates is performed for different purposes when anaesthesia in field conditions is not possible or advisable. The use of tranquilizers may contribute to improved welfare of captured animals. We studied the effect of haloperidol and azaperone on the stress response of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) through the study of physiological, haematological and serum biochemical parameters. Thirty one roe deer were drive-net captured and randomly injected with haloperidol (0.30 ± 0.04 mg/kg IM; n = 13), azaperone (0.43 ± 0.07 mg/kg IM; n = 11) or saline (0.5 mL IM; n = 7), and restrained for 3 h. The interindividual variability of heart rate was lower in the treated deer, suggesting a calming effect, and erythrocyte and biochemical parameters indicated vasodilation, splenic sequestration, hemodilution, improvement of renal perfusion and a protective effect on muscle. These results support the suitability of using either azaperone or haloperidol in capture operations of roe deer, in order to reduce stress and prevent its adverse effects.     

染发废水对鲤鱼急性毒性试验研究

以鲤鱼为受试生物,将其暴露于不同浓度的染发废水中,通过半静止式试验,根据鲤鱼在各时间段的死亡率求出半致死浓度、安全浓度以及毒性累积程度系数等特征参数,探讨染发废水对鲤鱼的急性毒性,评价染发废水的毒性等级。结果表明:染发废水急性毒性等级为中等毒;染发废水在48 h内稳定性较差,48 h后才能趋于完全稳定;染发废水对鱼类急性毒性试验时间至少可缩短至48 h。     

Role of sulfur dioxide in acute lung injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion of hind limbs in rats

AIM：To explore the role of endogenous and exogenous sulfur dioxide(SO2) in acute lung injury(ALI) induced by ischemia-reperfusion(IR) of limbs in rats. METHODS：The rat model of ALI was induced by ischemia and reperfusion of the hind limbs using a tourniquet. The rats(n=96) were randomly divided into 6 groups: sham, IR, sham+SO2, sham+hydroxamate(HDX), IR+SO2 and IR+HDX. The morphological changes of the lung tissues were observed under light microscope. Meanwhile, polymorphonuclear neutrophils(PMN) in alveolar septum, lung coefficient, lung levels of malondialdehyde(MDA) and intercellular adhesion molecule(ICAM)-1, serum tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α and interleukin(IL)-1, the content of SO2 and the activity of aspartate aminotransferase(AST) in the lung tissues, and 24 h survival rate of the rats were measured. RESULTS：IR of the rat limbs resulted in the damage of the lung tissues, and the increases in PMN in alveolar septum, lung coefficient, the lung levels of MDA and ICAM-1 and the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-1 were also observed with the reductions of SO2 content and AST activity. Pretreatment with SO2 donor Na2SO3/NaHSO3 alleviated the changes of the indicators above. HDX, an inhibitor of SO2-producing enzymes, aggravated the changes above. CONCLUSION：Down-regulation of AST/SO2 pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of limb IR-induced ALI. Administration of exogenous SO2 might attenuate lung injury through anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation.