中药川贝对小鼠急性毒性和致突变性的研究

[目的]通过急性毒性试验和微核试验了解川贝水提取物对小鼠的急性毒性和致突变性.[方法]川贝急性毒性试验中采用最大给药量,记录小鼠给药1周内的生理反应及体征变化,然后通过剖检及血液学指标研究川贝的急性毒性.通过微核试验检测川贝水提取物对小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞的影响,了解川贝的致突变性.[结果]小鼠在最大给药量折合生药为90 000 mg/kg的剂量下没有明显异常反应,体重、血液指标与对照组无差异,剖检无内脏病变.微核试验结果呈阴性.[结论]川贝水提取物对小鼠无急性毒性及致突变性,可作为兽医临床用药安全使用.     

栉孔扇贝急性病毒性坏死症病毒cDNA文库的构建及部分序列分析

急性病毒性坏死症病毒（Acute Virus Necrobiotic Virus,AVNV）已被证实是一种对养殖栉孔扇贝（Chlamys farreri）危害极大的致病病原.本研究应用基因克隆技术对AVNV基因组进行cDNA合成、克隆,并对部分克隆进行序列分析.采用差速和蔗糖密度梯度离心法,分离纯化AVNV.用Trizol试剂抽提病毒RNA,采用随机引物和Oligo（dT）双引物法,SuperScriptⅡ反转录酶合成cDNA,并克隆于pUC118质粒上,利用蓝白斑筛选阳性克隆子,PCR法快速鉴定重组质粒.经筛选得到2个阳性克隆23^#、52^#,插入片段大小约为1200 bp和800 bp.测序结果与GenBank的比对分析显示,尚未有类似的序列报道,提示该病毒可能为一种新发现的病毒.[中国水产科学,2006,13（3）：421-425]     

口服急性毒性试验中Cry1C蛋白对鼠肠道菌群的影响

利用变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)分析不同ICR(institute of cancer researcch)小鼠在口服急性毒性试验中摄入Cry1C蛋白前后其肠道菌群的变化,进而对该抗虫蛋白的食用安全性进行较为深入的研究.DGGE图谱经UPGAMA聚类分析显示:小鼠间菌群结构存在较明显的个体差异;实验期间,对照组小鼠灌胃前后其菌群基本保持稳定;实验组小鼠试验前后肠道菌群变化差异较对照组明显.随着灌胃的停止其变化差异在经历过高峰后会随着停喂时间的延长而减小,且菌相有逐渐恢复灌胃前结构的趋势.从肠道菌相的角度分析可知:该抗虫Cry1C蛋白对小鼠是基本安全的.     

Associations between farm management practices, productivity, and bovine leukemia virus infection in Ontario dairy herds

The objective of this study was to investigate the associations between herd-level bovine leukemia virus (BLV) status and herd-level management and production variables. The study population consisted of 1330 cows sampled from 102 Ontario dairy herds. The individual-cow prevalence of BLV infection in the population (based on AGID testing) was 23%, with 69.6% of herds having one or more positive animals. The herd-level explanatory variables were divided into two datasets containing winter housing variables and all non-seasonal variables, and summer housing variables and all non-seasonal variables. In both datasets, multivariable analyses found a negative association between herd-level milk production and BLV status, and positive associations between weaning age and purchasing animals from outside sources, and BLV status. Housing pre-weaned calves in hutches or separate calf buildings in either season was associated with an increased risk of BLV. The model containing winter housing variables also included positive associations between contact with older animals and BLV status, and between BLV status and the facilities used to house dry cows in the winter.     

Mesenchymal stem cell-induced CD8α+ Jagged2high CD11bhigh regulatory dendritic cells prevent and treat mouse aGVHD

AIM: To investigate the role of mesenchymal stem cell-induced regulatory dendritic cells (MSC-DCregs) in mouse acute graft-versus-host disease(aGVHD) model. METHODS: Bone marrow cells from BALB/c (H-2^d) mice were isolated and were induced to differentiate into DCs. The DCs were selected by flow cytometry, and after 10 d co-culture with MSCs, they were induced to be MSC-DCregs. Male 8-week-old C57BL/6 (H-2^b) mice were used as donor mice. The female 8-week-old BALB/c (H-2^d) mice, who had received 100 cm source-skin distance, 30 cm×30 cm radiation field, 700 cGy total body irradiation (TBI) pretreatment were used as recipient mice. The recipients were divided into 5 groups: control group, TBI group (injected with medium only), bone marrow transplantation group (injected with 1×10⁷ bone marrow cells), aGVHD group (injected with 1×10⁷ bone marrow cells and 1×10⁷ spleen cells), and MSC-DCregs group (injected with 1×10⁷ bone marrow cells, 1×10⁷ spleen cells and 1×10⁶ MSC-DCregs). The white blood cell count, recipients' chimerism, clinical evaluation of aGVHD, survival analysis and pathological changes were determined. RESULTS: Hematopoieic recovery was seen at 10 d after transplantation. The recipients' chimerism was parallel to the donors' at 30 d. The median survival time of the mice in aGVHD group and MSC-DCregs group was 27 d and 33 d, and the survival rates at 30 d were 20% and 100% (P<0.01), respectively. The clinical scores of the mice in MSC-DCregs group were lower than those in aGVHD group (P<0.01). Moreover, the pathological changes in the skin and liver of the mice in MSC-DCregs group were less serious than those in aGVHD group. CONCLUSION: The MSC-DCregs induce an aGVHD tolerance in vivo, and further research of its mechanism is still in great necessary.     

Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-2 attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury

AIM: To investigate the effects and mechanisms of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-2 (S1P2R)on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI). METHODS: ALI model was induced by intratracheal administration of LPS in both wild-type mice and S1P2R -deficient mice. The pathological changes in the lung tissues were observed, and the protein concentration, total cell number, neutrophil ratio, TNF-α level and IL-6 level were determined in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) 24 h after LPS injection. In order to investigate the mechanisms of S1P2R in LPS-induced ALI, 10 min before LPS injection, both wild-type mice and S1P2R -deficient mice were injected with nitric oxide synthase inhibitor by tail vein injection, the pathological changes of the lung tissues were observed, and the protein concentration and total cell number in BALF were determined 12 h after LPS injection. RESULTS: Compared with wild-type mice, S1P2R -deficient mice showed more severe LPS-induced ALI, and the protein concentration, neutrophils and inflammatory cytokines in BALF were significantly increased in S1P2R -deficient mice. Administration of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N^ω-L-nitro-arginine methyl ester protected S1P2R -deficient mice from aggravation of ALI. CONCLUSION: S1P2R mediates the protection from LPS-induced ALI possibly through inhibiting nitric oxide synthase.     

JMPR 农药残留急性膳食摄入量计算方法

农药残留急性膳食风险评估直到最近才引起大家的关注。目前，粮农组织和世界卫生组织农药残留联席会议（JMPR）研究国际范围农药急性膳食风险评估；美国、英国、荷兰、澳大利亚和新西兰也开始进行国家农药急性膳食风险评估。农药急性膳食风险是急性或短期接触毒性与农药急性膳食摄入量的函数。急性膳食接触量评估常用的方法有：定点或确定性方法和概率模型法。在确定性方法中选取食物的大部分人群消耗量和高残留量来计算膳食摄入量，为了解决混合样品中食品个体之间的残留差异，在计算中引入了变异因子。JMPR根据具体情况分为情形1、情形2a、情形2b、情形3来计算农药急性膳食摄入量。中国应该尽快建立健全膳食结构和农产品性状数据库，建立健全市场中农产品的农药残留数据库，并在高毒和中等毒性农药登记前应采用JMPR的确定性方法，进行急性膳食风险评估，提高农药膳食摄入的安全性。     

飞机草的急性LD50和亚急性毒性研究初报

给昆明种雌性小白鼠经口灌服飞机草水提物,用改良寇氏法测定了飞机草全草的急性LD50;另取一批小白鼠,每隔3d分别用浓度为5g/ml、2．5g/ml、1．25g/ml和0．625g/ml的飞机草水提物经口灌服一次,共灌服5次,进行试验期为35d的飞机草亚急性毒性试验。结果发现,飞机草全草水提物对昆明种雌性小白鼠的急性LD50为227091．02mg/kg,95％可信限为227090．96-227091．07mg／kg,即飞机草水提物对昆明种雌性小白鼠实际无毒。但飞机草具有亚急性毒性作用,供试小白鼠出现中毒体征和病理学变化,且亚急性毒性作用随着飞机草水提物浓度的增大和试验时间的延长而增强。     

有机化工废弃物的土地处理研究

本文对三种供试工业废弃物，经土地处理后表明，发光细菌毒性明显降低，有的废渣处理物毒性已消除；Ａｍｅｓ试验和发光细菌自发暗变种的遗传毒减弱，由阳性下降为阴性，或阳性程度明显减弱。     

SO2对采后葡萄的急性伤害研究

以 7个葡萄品种为试材 ,研究了常温下 SO2 对不同品种葡萄的急性伤害。结果表明 ,SO2 对不同品种葡萄的急性伤害阈值大小依次为红宝石 <红地球 <马奶 <秋黑 <巨峰 <玫瑰香 <龙眼 ;SO2 的熏蒸浓度、熏蒸时间与漂白指数呈极显著复相关 ,SO2 熏蒸浓度是影响急性伤害的最主要因素 ;果梗和果皮可能是 SO2进入果实内部的两大主要通道