硼钼对低温下草坪草海滨雀稗活性氧代谢的影响

营养液培养试验,设缺硼、钼和加硼、钼处理,培养后的草坪草海滨雀稗进行2周适温和零上低温处理,研究低温下其活性氧代谢及硼、钼对活性氧代谢的影响。结果表明,与缺硼、钼相比,加硼、钼处理极显著提高低温下草坪草超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性,极显著降低过氧化物酶（POD）活性,极显著降低超氧阴离子     

遮阴处理对枣果实活性氧代谢及果实品质的影响

为了研究弱光条件对南方鲜食枣果实活性氧代谢及果实品质的影响,以‘罗江调元枣’为试验材料,在花后约45 d对其进行遮阴处理[不遮阴(T1)、轻度遮阴(T2)、重度遮阴(T3)],期间共采集5次样品,测定其活性氧含量、抗氧化酶活性、丙二醛(MDA)质量摩尔浓度、脯氨酸(Pro)质量分数、外观品质和内在品质。结果显示,T2和T3的超氧阴离子(O■)产生速率和过氧化氢(H_2O_2)质量摩尔浓度在第3个时期(7月30日)较T1有所提高,之后随着超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性的增加,O■产生速率显著降低或无显著差异,而H_2O_2质量摩尔浓度在第5个时期(8月27日)依旧显著高于T1。遮阴后MDA质量摩尔浓度显著降低,Pro质量分数随遮阴程度的增加而降低。遮阴后果实品质显著降低,表现为单果质量、果实纵径、果实横径和可溶性糖质量分数显著降低,可滴定酸质量分数显著增加,且成熟期果实中抗坏血酸质量分数降低。表明枣果实可通过自身SOD和POD活性的提高来清除遮阴处理下产生的高浓度活性氧,从而保护细胞膜脂不受弱光环境的伤害。但遮阴严重影响枣果实品质,且T3的受害程度大于T2。     

藻类活性细胞生物肥在水稻上的应用

为验证藻类活性细胞生物肥在水稻上的应用效果,笔者在水稻上开展了应用试验,试验设空白对照、常规施肥、藻类活性细胞生物肥及2个藻类活性细胞生物肥+减少化肥用量10%、20%等5个处理,3次重复。结果表明：应用藻类活性细胞生物肥,能促进水稻分蘖,提高成穗率,增加有效穗,提高结实率,增加实粒数,同时增加千粒重,提高水稻产量,并能提高化肥利用率;尤其在减少化肥用量10%~20%的情况下,仍能促进水稻生长,提高水稻产量。施用藻类活性细胞生物肥,水稻产量增长1.1%~6.32%,收入增加-33~1206元/hm²。     

植物药对害虫有效控制的研究进展

综述了植物药的资源现状、研究和开发应用现状、活性物质、作用方式、作用机理及开发利用前景。重点介绍了几种典型杀虫植物(主要包括楝科植物、菊科植物)的杀虫机理、开发应用和最新研究进展。     

Microbial hotspots and hot moments in soil: Concept & review

Soils are the most heterogeneous parts of the biosphere, with an extremely high differentiation of properties and processes within nano- to macroscales. The spatial and temporal heterogeneity of input of labile organics by plants creates microbial hotspots over short periods of time – the hot moments. We define microbial hotspots as small soil volumes with much faster process rates and much more intensive interactions compared to the average soil conditions. Such hotspots are found in the rhizosphere, detritusphere, biopores (including drilosphere) and on aggregate surfaces, but hotspots are frequently of mixed origin. Hot moments are short-term events or sequences of events inducing accelerated process rates as compared to the average rates. Thus, hotspots and hot moments are defined by dynamic characteristics, i.e. by process rates.For this hotspot concept we extensively reviewed and examined the localization and size of hotspots, spatial distribution and visualization approaches, transport of labile C to and from hotspots, lifetime and process intensities, with a special focus on process rates and microbial activities. The fraction of active microorganisms in hotspots is 2–20 times higher than in the bulk soil, and their specific activities (i.e. respiration, microbial growth, mineralization potential, enzyme activities, RNA/DNA ratio) may also be much higher. The duration of hot moments in the rhizosphere is limited and is controlled by the length of the input of labile organics. It can last a few hours up to a few days. In the detritusphere, however, the duration of hot moments is regulated by the output – by decomposition rates of litter – and lasts for weeks and months. Hot moments induce succession in microbial communities and intense intra- and interspecific competition affecting C use efficiency, microbial growth and turnover. The faster turnover and lower C use efficiency in hotspots counterbalances the high C inputs, leading to the absence of strong increases in C stocks. Consequently, the intensification of fluxes is much stronger than the increase of pools. Maintenance of stoichiometric ratios by accelerated microbial growth in hotspots requires additional nutrients (e.g. N and P), causing their microbial mining from soil organic matter, i.e. priming effects. Consequently, priming effects are localized in microbial hotspots and are consequences of hot moments. We estimated the contribution of the hotspots to the whole soil profile and suggested that, irrespective of their volume, the hotspots are mainly responsible for the ecologically relevant processes in soil. By this review, we raised the importance of concepts and ecological theory of distribution and functioning of microorganisms in soil.     

绿巨人的生根培养研究

[目的]建立绿巨人快速生根体系。[方法]以绿巨人无菌苗为外植体,对绿巨人生根最适培养条件进行研究。[结果]绿巨人最适生根条件为1/2MS＋0.5mg/LNAA＋8.0mg/LAC。此条件下,20d和30d生根率分别达到88.2%和100.0%。[结论]适当浓度的活性炭和蔗糖利于绿巨人快速生根。     

天然活性小分子物质分离技术研究

现代新保健品和新型药品的研究开发都离不开天然产物。阐述了天然植物化学中活性小分子物质的提取分离纯化方法,如萃取法、色谱技术Sephadexlh20等,期望为分子结构解析、活性测定和结构修饰打下基础。     

大白菜游离小孢子培养和植株再生

以4个福山包头系列大白菜品种为试材,对游离小孢子培养和植株再生过程中的一些重要因素进行了研究。结果表明,不同基因型对小孢子胚诱导率和成苗率影响较大,平均每个花蕾产胚在1.28~38.25个之间;且胚胎发生能力高的品种,成苗率较高,胚胎发生能力低的品种,成苗率也较低;培养基中添加0.1~0.3 g/L活性炭能明显提高小孢子胚诱导率;及时将成熟的子叶形胚转移至再生培养基上,对提高成苗率至关重要;琼脂浓度为1.0%~2.0%时,成苗率大大提高。     

忍冬叶有效成分含量与气候因子的灰色关联分析

采用HPLC法同时测定不同产区忍冬叶中8种有效成分(6种绿原酸类和2种黄酮类)的含量,并进行显著性分析;采用GTMS 3.0系统软件分析忍冬叶有效成分的含量与气候因子间的灰色关联度。结果表明:不同产区忍冬叶有效成分含量差异显著,山东产区忍冬叶质量最佳,其次为河北、河南;日照时数、降雨量、相对湿度是影响忍冬叶有效成分含量的主导气候因子。     

海北牦牛内脏中活性物研究

对海北8头成年牦牛的内脏中活性物进行了测定。结果为:海北牦牛肝脏中L-肉碱含量为30.45mg/g,比普通黄牛高7.33mg/g,且差异极显著(P0.01);肺脏L-肉碱含量为6.42mg/g,比普通黄牛高1.14mg/g,且差异显著(P0.05);心脏和肾脏中差异不显著。海北牦牛肝脏中含牛磺酸7.02mg/g,比普通黄牛高0.96mg/g,且差异极显著(P0.01);肺脏中含牛磺酸4.62mg/g,比普通黄牛高0.64mg/g,且差异显著(P0.05);心脏和肾脏中差异不显著。海北牦牛心脏和肺脏中分别含肝素钠74.33mg/kg和310.60mg/kg,比普通黄牛相应脏器高35.36mg/kg和111.12mg/kg,且差异极显著(P0.01)。海北牦牛肝脏中谷胱甘肽的含量为0.16mg/g,极显著的低于普通黄牛(P0.01);肾脏中含量为0.18 mg/g,显著的低于普通黄牛(P0.05)。