酸性土壤中大豆优势根瘤菌的分离、鉴定及其生物学特性

从两个酸性土壤生态实验点(江西鹰潭、浙江金华)种植的不同大豆品种根瘤中,分离纯化出29个分离物,并对其进行了分子鉴定和生物学特性分析.从其中16个分离物中扩增出nifH基因,测序结果表明,分离纯化出的菌株主要为慢生根瘤属(Bradyrhizobium)菌株.10个分离自浙江金华的菌株,在大豆品种之间的种属差异不大.在6...     

施用白云石粉对黄红壤 酸度和油菜产量的影响

田间试验结果表明,酸性黄红壤上施用白云石粉显著降低了土壤交互性铝含量和提高了土壤pH值,其 降酸作用与白云石粉用量呈正相关。适当施用白云石粉能够极显著提高油菜产量。白云石粉用量在1 600kg/hm2 时,油菜达到最高产量2 518kg/hm2。此外,施用白云石粉改善了土壤的养分状况,提高了油菜植株的养分含量和 养分吸收量。     

Phosphorus Fractionations in Acidic Piedmont Rice Soils

Piedmont lands in Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and many other Asian countries are important rice-growing soils, but most of the soils are potentially phosphorus (P) deficient because of low pH. Phosphorus fractions of rice-growing acidic piedmont soils were determined. Soil samples were amended with 100 and 200 mg P kg^?1 soil, and a control soil without P amendment was maintained. The samples were analyzed for the following fractions: solution P, labile pool [sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) P], alkali-extracted inorganic pool [sodium hydroxide (NaOH) P_i], organic pool (NaOH P_o), acidic pool [sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄)?hydrochloric acid (HCl) P], and residual P. About 98% of the applied P in soils was extracted by the sequential extraction employed in the present experiment. The mean total P concentration in 10 acidic Piedmont soils was 247 ppm, of which only 0.12% was in solution, 8% labile (NaHCO₃), 16% NaOH-extracted inorganic, 32% resistant organic, 18% relatively recalcitrant acidic, and 25% residual. Application of P fertilizer increased mainly the labile P fraction, which would be easily available to wetland rice. Solution P was positively and significantly correlated with pH_KCl (r = 0.64, P < 0.05) and negatively correlated with clay (r = ?0.77, P < 0.01). A negative and significant correlation of NaHCO₃-P was observed with pH_H2O (r = ?0.62, P < 0.05). Solution P showed a negative and significant relationship with NaOH-P_i (r = ?0.63, P < 0.05). A significant and negative relationship of solution P was also observed with acid P (r = ?0.78, P < 0.01) and residual P (r = ?0.82, P < 0.01). The relationship of NaHCO₃-P with NaOH-P_i was positive (r = 0.70, P < 0.05) and significant. Similarly, a positive and significant relationship (r = 0.89, P < 0.01) between NaOH-P_i and acid P was observed, and acid P was positively and significantly correlated with residual P (r = 0.84, P < 0.01).     

Acidic soil inhibits the functionality of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi by reducing arbuscule formation in tomato roots

ABSTRACT

Acidic soil is widely distributed in terrestrial ecosystems, which causes large challenges to crop production. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can increase plant tolerance to acidic soil; however, the effects of acidic soil on the functionality of AMF and arbuscule formation are far from being thoroughly understood. In this study, we inoculated tomato plants with Rhizophagus irregularis at pH 4.5 (original acidic soil) or pH 6.5 (limed soil), and monitored the mycorrhizal colonization, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and expression of SlPTs (which encode phosphate transporters) and EXO70s (which encode subunits of exocysts) in the roots. We aimed to characterize the arbuscule development in colonized roots in response to acidic soil and to investigate how acidic soil affects the functionality of AMF. Our results revealed that acidic soil sharply reduced arbuscule abundance by approximately 90%, and greatly impeded arbuscule development such that no mature arbuscules were observed. The negative effect of acidic soil on arbuscule formation was supported by EXO70A1-like expression. The functionality of AMF, e.g., ALP activity in arbuscules and the expression of SlPT4 and SlPT5, was simultaneously greatly inhibited in acidic soil in the same manner as that of arbuscule formation. The close relationship between the functionality of AMF and arbuscule abundance in this study indicates that acidic soil strongly inhibits AMF function mainly via a reduction in arbuscule formation. Considering the coupling of arbuscule formation and periarbuscular membrane construction, the fine-tuning of both processes in response to acidic soil merits additional in-depth investigations.     

生物炭对酸性红壤改良及纽荷尔脐橙苗生长的影响

采用盆栽试验,以0、1%、2% 生物炭量及其配施化肥（F）施于酸性红壤中,研究了生物炭对酸性红壤理化性质以及脐橙幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,不同生物炭用量对酸性红壤理化性质有明显影响。其中,红壤有机碳含量和pH值均有显著改变,如pH值提高0.45-0.96个单位、有机碳含量提高1-3.1倍;生物炭也能够提高红壤中碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾等含量,其中速效钾提高最为显著。生物炭处理脐橙幼苗茎粗增加量比对照多0.10-0.24cm;单施生物炭脐橙幼苗抽梢和叶片总量无明显提高,但生物炭与底肥配施的抽梢和叶片总量分别比对照高21.0%和70.0%。施生物炭后新叶中氮则随生物炭量增加而降低。除对照老叶外,磷含量在老叶和新叶中均随生物炭量增大而提高;同时,不同炭处理老叶和新叶中钾含量表现为：1%C>2%C>CK,F>F+2%C>F+1%C。因此,生物炭能改良酸性红壤,也有利于脐橙苗的生长。     

Protective effect of aFGF delivery by ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction on left ventricular function in diabetic cardiomyopathy rats

AIM：To observe the protective effect of delivery of acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) to myocardium by ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) on left ventricular function in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) rats and to investigate the possible mechanisms. METHODS：Twenty-four rats were intraperitoneally injected with streptozocin to induce DCM and were randomly divided into DCM group and aFGF treatment group. Twelve healthy rats served as normal controls. The rats in aFGF treatment group were infused with SonoVue-aFGF mixed fluid through tail vein and UTMD was simultaneously performed. Four weeks after intervention, all rats underwent cardiac catheterization to mea-sure left ventricular end-systolic pressure (LVESP), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and the maximal increase/decrease rate of left ventricular pressure (LV±dp/dtmax). The microvessel density (MVD) of rat myocardial tissues was measured by immunohistochemical staining for CD31. The myocardial collagen volume fraction (CVF) was determined by improved Masson staining. The apoptotic index (AI) was detected by TUNEL method. RESULTS：Four weeks after intervention, the LVESP and LV±dp/dtmax in aFGF treatment group were significantly increased compared with DCM group (P<0.01), while the LVEDP in aFGF treatment group was significantly lower than that in DCM group (P<0.01). The MVD in aFGF treatment group was significantly increased compared with DCM group (P<0.01), but the CVF and AI in aFGF treatment group were significantly lower than those in DCM group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Delivery of aFGF to diabetic myocardium by UTMD could improve the left ventricular function of DCM rats and may be a new feasible therapeutic method for DCM.     

强酸性电解水浸种对黄瓜种子发芽与幼苗生长影响的研究

研究了不同浓度(有效氯浓度)强酸性电解水浸种对黄瓜种子发芽与幼苗生长的影响,结果表明:低、中浓度电解水对黄瓜种子发芽率没有影响,高浓度电解水会抑制种子发芽;适宜浓度电解水浸种可提高种子胚芽生长速率,促进黄瓜幼苗生长与干物质积累,提高黄瓜幼苗素质,而高浓度电解水则产生抑制作用;黄瓜浸种适宜的电解水指标为:pH2.40左右、ORP1150mV左右、有效氯浓度25mg/L左右。     

含铊酸性废水强化氧化混凝处理研究

[目的]利用强化氧化混凝法处理含铊酸性废水。[方法]以氧化钙为混凝剂,高锰酸钾、次氯酸钙、过氧化氢为氯化剂,对含铊酸性废水进行处理,探讨强化氧化混凝法对酸性废水中铊的处理效果。[结果]在混凝剂投加量不变的情况下,当高锰酸钾、过氧化氢和次氯酸钙的投加量分别为25、2.2和37 ml时,铊去除率分别达99.98%、99.10%和99.98%;在高锰酸钾、过氧化氢和次氯酸钙投加量不变的情况下,当氧化钙投加量分别为25、35和25 ml时,铊去除率分别达99.93%、99.69%和99.98%。[结论]强化氧化混凝处理工艺处理含铊酸性废水效果较佳。     

粉煤灰治理污染土壤的染料废水之效果初报

实验测定了粉煤灰对酸性金黄G染料废水中酸性金黄G染料的吸附效能。研究了加灰量,pH值及活化处理温度对粉煤灰吸附效能的影响。结果表明:粉煤灰对酸性金黄G染料有极明显的吸附效能,可具有极好的以废治废效果;随着粉煤灰的加入,染料去除率大幅度提高,对于染料浓度低于50mg/L的溶液,去除率可达到100%;吸附pH值范围为5～6.5,活化温度为300℃时,粉煤灰的吸附能力最强。