山区河流生态河道治理工程扰动区植被群落恢复的影响研究

工程扰动严重破坏原有地形地貌和生态植被,加剧生态环境的恶化与生态系统的退化,为减少水土流失和浅层滑坡,加速植被恢复和生态修复,对工程扰动区植被群落恢复进行研究是比较有意义的课题.研究选择生态治理后处于自然恢复期的石葵河作为研究对象,对工程扰动区不同水位的植被恢复进行季节性监测和实地调查,统计河道边坡植被恢复种类及数量、...     

基于自记忆方程的干旱区地下水水位动态模拟

地下水水位预测对于合理开发利用地下水与保护生态环境具有重要意义。以新疆希尼尔水库周边区域为例,根据研究区多年地下水埋深观测数据,建立了基于自记忆方程的地下水埋深预测模型。结果表明:该模型模拟与预测精度较高,为研究区的地下水合理开发利用提供了重要参考;研究结果可用于其他类似时间序列变量的模拟预测。     

使用迭代重加权最小二乘法求解平面度误差

提出了几何误差评定的迭代重加权最小二乘（IRLS-Iterative Reweighted Least Squares)算法。该算法采用一个迭代过程求解一系列加权最小二乘问题，并在每一步迭代中按照一定的规则对权系数进行调整，使其逐步逼近最优拉格朗日乘子。对于用CMM(坐标测量机)和其他设备得到的数据，可得到平面度误差的精确值。     

基于模糊层次分析法的生态环境脆弱性评价——以三峡水库生态屏障区湖北段为例

三峡水库生态屏障区的生态环境脆弱性评价,对屏障区自身生态系统的构建与维护、发挥屏障区对三峡水库水质和生态环境的安全保障功能,具有重要的意义。利用模糊层次分析法,基于GIS和RS技术,对屏障区湖北段的生态环境脆弱性进行了评价,并分析了主要影响因素。结果表明:(1)生态环境脆弱性以轻度、中度和潜在脆弱性为主,占屏障区总面积的74.9%,主要分布在秭归县中部和巴东县北部,严重脆弱区面积占总面积21.7%,主要分布在秭归县南部、巴东县中南部和夷陵区南部;(2)生态环境脆弱性级别较高的区域主要分布于高程800m以下、坡度25°以下、植被覆盖较低、人口密度较大的位置,人类活动是导致生态环境脆弱的重要原因;(3)在严重脆弱性区域通过构建农林复合系统,结合植树造林、生态恢复等措施,以提高植被覆盖度,是解决该区生态环境脆弱的可行性措施。     

Integrated Pest Management in Cocoa Agroforests in Southern Cameroon: Constraints and Overview

Imports of pesticides have long been subsidised for use in the cocoa agroforests of the humid forest zone of southern Cameroon. With the liberalisation of the cocoa and pesticides sectors and the devaluation of the local currency (CFA franc), farmers are facing fluctuations in the price paid for cocoa and the high cost of farm inputs. Without the support of the extension services, they themselves have developed traditional integrated control methods based on the use of plant extracts mixed with conventional pesticides. From a survey of 300 cocoa farmers, the study assesses the farmers' command of these methods, the pests controlled, the problems encountered and the institutional constraints in the definition and dissemination of integrated control methods. The study concludes with recommendations for research and development towards the better definition and dissemination of integrated control methods. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

中国风水侵蚀交错区分布特征分析

风水侵蚀交错带的研究 ,对景观、土地覆盖 /土地利用、全球变化等研究具有重要意义。论文以GIS技术为支撑 ,定量计算出我国风水侵蚀带。在分布特征上 ,主要分布我国北方地区 ,其中以西部沙漠 ,北部山脉沿线为重 ,这种分布与气候、地貌分界有明显联系。 49.6 %风水侵蚀复合带的降水量小于 2 0 0mm。风水侵蚀复合带的土地利用主要以草地为主 ,占 41.8% ,其次为耕地。两种类型的分布 ,草地以与其它土地利用类型交错分布为主 ;而耕地是有重心的分散分布。风水侵蚀复合带的总体侵蚀要强于全国水平。     

Spatio-temporal variation of soil moisture in a fixed dune at the southern edge of the Gurbantunggut Desert in Xinjiang,China

Soil moisture is critical for vegetation growth in deserts. However, detailed dataregarding the soil moisture distribution in space and time in the Gurbantunggut Desert have not yet been reported. In this study, we conducted a series ofinsitu observation experiments in a fixed sand dune at the southern edge of the GurbantunggutDesert from February 2014 to October 2016, to explore the spatio-temporal variation of soil moisture content, investigate the impact of Haloxylonammodendron (C. A. Mey.) Bungeon soil moisture content in its root zone, and examine the factors influencing the soil moisture spatial pattern. One-way analysis of variance,least significant difference testsand correlation analysis were used to analyze the data. The results revealed that the soil moisture content exhibited annual periodicity and the temporal variation of soil moisture content throughout a year could be divided into three periods, namely, a moisture-gaining period, a moisture-losing period and a moisture-stable period.According to the temporal and spatial variability, the 0-400 cm soil profile could be divided into two layers: an active layer with moderate variability and a stable layer with weak variability.The temporal variability was larger than the spatial variability in the active layer,and the mean profile soil moisture content at different slope positions displayed the trend of decreasing with increasing relative heightand mainly followed the order of interdunearea>westand east slopes>slope top.The mean profile soil moisture content in the root zone of dead H. ammodendronindividuals was significantly higher than that in the root zones of adult and young individuals, while the soil moisture content in the root zone of adult individuals was slightly higher than that in the root zone of young individuals with no significant difference.The spatial pattern of soil moisture was attributable to the combined effects of snowfall, vegetation and soil texture, whereas the effects of rainfall and evaporation were not significant. The findings may offer a foundation for the management of sandy soil moisture and vegetation restoration in arid areas.     

近40年洮河流域干燥度变化趋势分析

利用洮河流域7个气象站1971-2010年的地面气象观测资料,根据Holdridge生命地带模型对洮河流域近40 a的干燥度变化进行了分析。结果表明：近40 a洮河流域内可能蒸散率（PER）以0．02·10a-1～0．07·10a-1的趋势上升,20世纪90年代后 PER的平均值比20世纪90年代前上升了0．12,洮河流域从20世纪90年代开始出现了明显的变干的趋势;近40 a洮河流域温度呈明显上升趋势,上升趋势为0．32～0．54℃·10a-1,20世纪80年代末到90年代洮河流域气温出现了暖突变;降水量呈减少的趋势,其中以中、下游减少最明显,减少趋势为13．3～21．8 mm·10a-1;洮河流域出现了明显的暖干化趋势。     

肯塔基沙门菌对氟喹诺酮和碳青霉烯类药物耐药性研究进展

肯塔基沙门菌（Salmonella Kentucky）是继鼠伤寒沙门菌和肠炎沙门菌后又一与人类肠道疾病相关的沙门菌血清型,因其获得和传播耐药性的能力较强而逐渐引起关注。该血清型沙门菌按照多位点序列分型分得的众多亚型中,ST198血清亚型具有易获得耐药突变的基因组岛的特性,21世纪以来不断进化,除获得常见抗菌药物耐药基因外,还相继获得对氟喹诺酮类和碳青霉烯类药物的耐药性并扩散全球,造成临床上难以治疗的病例而引起世界卫生组织的关注。作者整理了肯塔基沙门菌的进化历程,着重阐述肯塔基沙门菌关于氟喹诺酮类及碳青霉烯类药物的耐药情况及耐药机制,以期为中国沙门菌的实验室防控监测系统提供理论依据。     

The Relationship Between Vegetation Characteristics and Altitudes in Transitional Permafrost Zone in Xidatan,Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Many studies showed that permafrost has profound influence on alpine ecosystem. However, former researches were mainly focused on typical points by temporal scales. There were few studies about the correlation between vegetation characteristics and different altitudes covering a large region in spatial pattern, especially in transitional permafrost(TP). There were continuous permafrost(CP) discontinuous permafrost(DCP) and seasonal frozen ground(SFG) in this study region. The types of permafrost changed from SFG to DCP, and finally become CP as the altitudes of Xidatan increase. In this paper, 112 845 points interpreted by HJ1-B(environment and disaster monitoring and prediction small satellite constellation), vegetation investigation points, thawing layer thickness research sites, ground temperature and water content observation plots were used to examine the spatial pattern of vegetation which were located in different altitudes in Xidatan, a typical TP region, in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Vegetation characteristics, soil moisture content(SMC) and thaw depths were collected in 15 August to 25 August2012. Characteristics of vegetation were mainly represented by fractional vegetation cover(FVC) derived from the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI), as well as above ground biomass(AGB). In this paper, we analyzed that the distinction of vegetation characteristics in each range through statistics data. These ranges were divided by varied altitudes. For examples, the ranges were divided into 50 m or 100 m. In this study we use a large area plots method to further discuss the relationship between the features of vegetation and the different regions of permafrost based on altitudes shifts in Xidatan. A diagram described the vegetation characteristics variability with rising altitudes in transitional permafrost region was drawn in this paper. Our results illustrated the FVCs first increased in SFG region and then decreased in DCP zone slowly, and in CP region FVCs soared then dropped dramatically. With the altitudes increased, the curve of FVCs indicated a parabolic distribution except a little difference in the first 200 m range.