SLC24A5基因影响脊椎动物色素沉积的研究进展

黑色素广泛分布于细菌、真菌、植物和动物体内并扮演了重要的作用。人类浅色皮肤的色素沉积是由于黑色素细胞内黑色素小体数量、大小和密度的减少造成的,而黑色素小体变化也导致斑马鱼由灰色突变为金色,这个金色突变位点编码一个推定的阳离子交换体SLC24A5基因,该基因位于黑色素小体或其前体的细胞膜上。人类和斑马鱼在这个基因的序列及功能上有很高的同源性。该基因的多态性主要出现在非洲和东亚人身上。而等位基因固定在欧洲人的身上,这与局部杂和性大量减少和较浅的皮肤色素沉积有关,表明SLC24A5基因在人类色素沉积方面起关键作用。作者总结了SLC24A5基因与黑色素的研究进展,并简要介绍了乌骨绵羊的发现及其分子特征。     

Acetyl salicylic acid and 24-epibrassinolide enhance root activity and improve root morphological features in tomato plants under heat stress

High temperature has deleterious impacts on tomato growth and development and limits its production. Acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) and 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) have been widely reported as stress-ameliorating agents. The effect of exogenous application of varying levels of EBL (0.75, 1.5, and 3 µM) and ASA (0.25, 0.75, and 1.25 mM) on root activity (RA) in terms of 2,3,5 triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) reduction and root morphological features was evaluated in four-week-old tomato seedlings (cultivar: Mei Jie Lo) grown under high-temperature stress (46°C/4 h per day) for 21 days. The daily heat stress treatment almost ceased the root growth of chemically untreated seedlings. However, both EBL and ASA significantly attenuated the deleterious impacts of heat stress to different extents regarding root activity, total root length, surface area, volume, and number of nodes and connections. Different concentrations demonstrated signature effects. EBL (3 µM) was over all the best treatment to improve root activity whereas ASA (0.25 mM) best enhanced root architecture (net length, volume, and area) as compared to the untreated heat-stressed controls. However, EBL (3 µM) and ASA (1.25 mM) slightly inhibited mean root diameter. It is concluded that under high-temperature conditions, the exogenous EBL and ASA in studied doses improve root morphological features and root activity, hence enhance heat stress tolerance. Both chemical agents can be potential candidates in practical agriculture for extension of tomato growth period in summer by virtue of their heat stress amelioration ability.     

芥菜AGL18家族成员与开花整合子SOC1的互作分析

为阐明芥菜开花抑制因子AGL18与开花整合子SOC1间的互作调控机制,在芥菜‘QJ’的开花期克隆了AGL18-1,幼苗期克隆了AGL18-2和AGL18-3,它们分别编码257、257和258个氨基酸,为AGL18家族的3个成员。序列比对表明,芥菜AGL18家族成员与十字花科芜菁和油菜同源性均高达90%。酵母双杂交和BiFC试验表明:芥菜AGL18-1、AGL18-2和AGL18-3蛋白与SOC1不会发生蛋白相互作用。酵母单杂交和Dual-Glo~ Luciferase试验表明:AGL18-1、AGL18-2和AGL18-3中仅有花期AGL18-1蛋白与SOC1启动子间存在互作。为进一步筛选AGL18-1/SOC1的互作区域,分别截取了AGL18-1蛋白的M域和IKC域,发现仅M域与SOC1启动子存在相互作用,说明M域是介导花期AGL18-1蛋白与SOC1启动子互作的关键区域。这为深入研究AGL18与SOC1互作的分子机制及其对开花时间的调控奠定了基础。     

TcLr24小麦STK类抗病基因同源片段的分离和特征分析

利用根据STK类植物抗病基因类似序列保守结构设计的引物,对TcLr24小麦叶片cDNA进行扩增,通过RT-PCR扩增得到STK类抗病基因同源片段长度811bp,开放阅读框长804bp,编码268个通读的氨基酸序列,大小29.6kDa,理论等电点6.14,该氨基酸序列与多个小麦和燕麦蛋白激酶序列高度同源,含有激酶特征结构疏水信号序列及胞外结构域。     

Effects of down-regulation of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein gene on docetaxel-induced apoptosis in bladder cancer cells

AIM: To observe the effects of down-regulation of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein ( XIAP ) gene on the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of bladder cancer cells. METHODS: The shRNA and shRNA-XIAP were transfected into bladder cancer T24T cells. The fluorescence microscopy was used to detect the transfection effects. XIAP gene expression was detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting. Docetaxel was administrated to T24T, T24T shRNA and T24T shRNA-XIAP bladder cancer cells. ATPase methods was performed to measure in vitro cell viability. Morphological changes and apoptotic rates were determined by phase contrast microscopy and flow cytometry assay. Cellular poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and caspase-3 protein expression and their cleavage were assayed by Western blotting. RESULTS: The fluorescence was obvious in the T24T shRNA and T24T shRNA-XIAP cells under the fluorescence microscope. Using Western blotting and RT-PCR methods, the protein and mRNA levels of XIAP gene in T24T shRNA-XIAP cells were significantly decreased,respectively. After treated with various concentrations of docetaxel for 24 h, the IC₅₀ of T24T shRNA-XIAP cells was (1.23?0.62) nmol/L, lower than that of T24T and T24T shRNA cells, which were (8.22?1.23) and (8.35?0.98) nmol/L (P<0.01), respectively. Compared with control group, the typical morphological changes of apoptosis were observed in T24T shRNA-XIAP cells. Detected by flow cytometry assay, the apoptotic rates in shRNA-XIAP group were (41.45?6.23)% and (74.82?5.46)% after exposed to docetaxel at the concentrations of 2 nmol/L and 5 nmol/L for 24 h, which were significantly higher than that in T24T shRNA group with (25.34?3.81)% and (34.14?6.25)%, respectively (P<0.01). Compared with T24T shRNA cells, the cleavage of PARP and caspase-3 proteins in the cells transfected with shRNA-XIAP was significantly increased. CONCLUSION: XIAP gene is significantly down-regulated via shRNA-XIAP, which could increase the docetaxel-induced apoptosis and cytotoxic activity.     

低温胁迫下24-表油菜素内酯对辣椒种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

以华椒15号辣椒种子为材料,采用浸泡法和添加法2种方法,研究低温(15℃)胁迫下不同质量浓度24-表油菜素内酯(EBR)对辣椒种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:在0.001～1.000mg/L质量浓度范围内,EBR对辣椒种子发芽势没有显著影响;浸泡法中,0.001～0.100mg/L的EBR对辣椒种子的萌发率产生显著促进作用,0.050mg/L时促进作用最强,发芽率达44.00%;添加法中,在设定的质量浓度范围内,EBR对辣椒种子的萌发率产生抑制作用,1.000mg/L时抑制作用达差异显著水平。浸泡法和添加法中,0.001～1.000mg/L的EBR对辣椒幼苗的根长均产生显著抑制作用,1.000mg/L时抑制作用最强。浸泡法中,0.010～1.000mg/L的EBR对辣椒幼苗的苗高产生显著促进作用,0.050mg/L时促进作用最强,平均苗高为1.82cm,比对照高0.62cm;而添加法中,EBR对辣椒幼苗的苗高不产生显著影响。浸泡法中,0.001～1.000mg/L的EBR对辣椒幼苗的鲜质量和干质量不产生显著影响,而添加法中,EBR对辣椒幼苗鲜质量和干质量的影响没有规律性。     

猪骨骼肌卫星细胞中miR-24功能的初步研究及靶基因分析

为了探讨miR-24对猪骨骼肌发育的影响,对体外培养1日龄纯种长白公猪骨骼肌卫星细胞分别转染miR-24过表达载体和干扰片段,发现过表达miR-24后,成肌分化基因MyoD、Myogenin和Myf5表达量显著升高,骨骼肌卫星细胞分化趋势增强;干扰miR-24后,Myogenin的表达量显著降低;同时,靶基因预测结果显示Myogenin可能是miR-24的靶基因。     

Triterpenes and steroids from the leaves of Aglaia exima (Meliaceae)

A study on the leaves of Aglaia exima led to the isolation of one new and seven known compounds: six triterpenoids and two steroids. Their structures were elucidated and analyzed mainly by using spectroscopic methods; 1D and 2D NMR, mass spectrometry, UV spectrometry and X-ray. All the triterpenoids and steroids were measured in vitro for their cytotoxic activities against eight cancer cell lines; lung (A549), prostate (DU-145), skin (SK-MEL-5), pancreatic (BxPC-3), liver (Hep G2), colon (HT-29), breast (MCF-7) and (MDA-MB-231). The new cycloartane triterpenoid, 24(E)-cycloart-24-ene-26-ol-3-one 1, showed potent cytotoxic activity against colon (HT-29) cancer cell line (IC₅₀ 11.5 μM).     

嘧菌·己唑醇对水稻纹枯病室内抑菌活性与田间防治效果

室内毒力测定结果表明:嘧菌酯与己唑醇以2∶3、1∶2、1∶3配比均可,其中嘧菌酯与己唑醇以1∶2复配的制剂EC50为0.00791μg/mL,SR50为1.55。田间防效试验表明:24%嘧菌.己唑醇SC 375 mL/hm2、450 mL/hm2与24%噻呋酰胺SC 360mL/hm2,三处理之间差异不显著,但均与24%嘧菌·己唑醇SC 300 mL/hm2、10%己唑醇SC 750 mL/hm2、250 g/L嘧菌酯SC375 mL/hm2差异显著或极显著。24%嘧菌·己唑醇SC 375～450 mL/hm2(推荐用量)与24%噻呋酰胺SC 360 mL/hm2的防效相当,但成本低,性价比高,同时能兼治稻曲病、稻瘟病,达到一药多治效果,对水稻生育安全,无药害,且能使水稻叶片增绿,增强生长势等作用。     

高产小麦新品种“绵阳24号”的产量稳定性研究

本文主要用EberharL－Russell的模式方法分析了1995、1996年南方冬麦区西南片大区区试试验资料，结果表明“绵阳24号”产量极显著高于对照及其它品种，具有高产、稳产，综合性状好，适应性广等材性，属于平均型稳定性品种。