茯苓中铜、铅和镉的含量测定

[目的]建立测定茯苓药材中铜、铅和镉含量原子吸收光谱法。[方法]收集不同来源的茯苓药材,采用浓硝酸-高氯酸（4∶1）混合溶液消解样品,用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定铜,用石墨炉原子法测定铅和镉。[结果]6个不同来源的茯苓药材中铜、铅和镉的含量均符合国家进出口药用植物重金属限量指标。[结论]该方法快速、灵敏,稳定性好,可用于茯芩药材市场的质量监控。     

原子吸收分光光度法对果蔬型酸奶中Vc含量的测定

[目的]建立测定果蔬酸奶中还原型Vc与Vc总量的方法。[方法]用钨酸钠沉淀酸奶中的大分子,过滤得到Vc提取液。采用原子吸收法测定含铜量,间接测定Vc含量,即样液不经DDT还原直接测定还原型Vc;经DDT还原后测定Vc总量。[结果]还原型Vc的RSD为3.2%,平均回收率为96.8%;Vc总量的RSD为3.3%,平均回收率为96.5%。[结论]原子吸收分光光度法精密度高,准确度好,适合用于测定果蔬酸奶中Vc含量。     

新型基质固相萃取重金属离子分析及残留关联性

化学改性壳聚糖结合特征膨润土制备新型吸附基质功能材料,设计并制作接续式萃取柱管,进而填料制备新型基质固相萃取柱 正交试验分析山核桃Carya cathayensis叶中重金属离子作为前期指示物,考察新型基质固相萃取柱对山核桃叶中重金属离子的提取效能及与果实中重金属离子残留量的关联性.结果表明:新型基质固相萃取柱能较好提取山核桃叶中重金属离子,提取效能为原子吸收分光光度法(AAS)所验证.正交实验获得了新型基质固相萃取柱分离镍离子(Ni2+),铜离子(Cu2+)的最佳条件,实验数据显示山核桃叶与果实中2种重金属离子具有一定相关性,山核桃叶与果实中的镍离子(Ni2+),铜离子(Cu2+)分别为经典方法测试的91.1％和77.8％,89.1％和76.9％.提出前期指示物预测、监控山核桃中重金属离子含量为有效方法.所得结果可为固相萃取技术、重金属离子残留关联性相关研究提供有益参考.     

矿区土壤·水重金属污染对石榴果实的影响

用原子吸收光谱法研究石榴果实与土壤、石榴籽和汁中的一些重金属含量.研究结果表明:该方法的重现性试验中RSD在0.27%～1.67%,符合试验测定要求.分析了试验样品中各重金属离子的含量的关系.研究结果表明,土壤受到重金属的污染更为严重;石榴果实中籽对重金属的富集能力强于汁;且石榴对重金属具有一定程度的耐受性.     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定银杏及银杏叶中Se等4种微量元素

[目的]用石墨炉原子吸收法测定银杏及银杏叶中的微量元素,为开发利用银杏及银杏叶提供参考数据。[方法]以银杏及银杏叶为原料,采用HNO3-HClO4湿法消解处理样品,利用石墨炉原子吸收法测定Cu、Se、Cd、Pb微量元素的含量。[结果]HNO3-HClO4湿法消解的最佳比例是:Cu为2:1,Se为3:1,Cd为3:1,Pb为2:1。银杏中Pb含量较高,为3.572μg/g,Cu和Se含量分别为19.310和1.763μg/g,含量最低的是Cd,为0.181μg/g;银杏叶中Pb的含量为4.021μg/g,高于银杏中Pb的含量,Cu含量为8.320μg/g,Se含量为1.691μg/g,Cd含量为0.202μg/g。用石墨炉原子吸收法测定的回收率在99%～101%。[结论]硝酸-高氯酸比例对微量元素的测定有一定影响,当硝酸-高氯酸为2:1时测定的Cu、Pb含量较高些;为3:1时测定的Se、Cd含量较高些。     

地衣类药材黑穗石蕊的重金属含量测定

[目的]弄清黑穗石蕊的重金属含量,建立质量标准重金属检测限量,为保障用药安全提供依据。[方法]利用原子吸收分光光度法,分别采用石墨炉、火焰、氧化发生装置测定黑穗石蕊中铅、镉、砷、汞、铜的含量。[结果]测得黑穗石蕊的铅含量小于0.6mg/kg、镉含量小于0.3mg/kg、铜含量小于12.0mg/kg、砷含量小于0.2mg/kg、汞含量小于0.1mg/kg;加样回收率96%～103%,RSD小于3.8%。[结论]所用方法精密度高、重现性好、干扰小,适合于该药材的重金属含量测定;上述测定结果符合国家有关的限量规定标准,可安全用于临床。     

不同炮制方法对艾叶止血作用的影响

目的探讨煅制过程中各工艺参数对紫石英中有害元素的影响。方法采用正交实验法,以原子吸收分光光度法测定铅、镉、砷、汞、铜的含量为指标,对煅制温度、煅制时间、醋用量、醋淬次数进行考察。结果煅制温度、煅制时间、醋用量、煅制次数4个因素对铅、镉、砷、铜的含量均有非常显著性影响(P<0.01);煅制温度对汞含量有非常显著性影响(P<0.01),煅制次数对汞含量有显著性影响(P<0.05),而煅制时间、醋用量对汞含量无显著性影响(P>0.05)。结论经煅淬后,紫石英中所含铅、镉、砷、汞、铜等有害元素的含量均有不同程度的降低,经优选的最佳炮制工艺为700℃煅制20 min,每100 g紫石英每次加醋15 mL,煅淬3次。     

An appraisal of Miscanthus x giganteus cultivation for fly ash revegetation and soil restoration

The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of Miscanthus x giganteus (MxG) for fly ash (FA) revegetation and soil restoration. To evaluate its growth ability on FA, plant development during pot experiments was compared to that obtain in a reference soil. Several physico-chemical parameters (pH, conductivity, dissolved organic carbon, ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate and potassium contents) and microbiological parameters (enumeration of total, ammonia oxidising and nitrite oxidising culturable bacteria and community diversity analysis) were investigated after plant growth. Plants demonstrated an adaptation to the FA substrate, with an average stem length and biomass production that was half of that observed in the reference soil. Lower chlorophyll contents were measured but the absence of necrosis symptom and hydration rates of aerial parts above 70% suggested physiological adaptation of plants to the FA substrate. Moreover, significant organic carbon inputs could be measured in FA leachates after 17 weeks of laboratory cultivation, which could be related to the establishment of MxG rhizosphere. Besides, the emergence of specific bacterial phylotype could be reported at the FA-root interface. Analysis of FA leachates in planted pots also showed marked decreases of nitrate but increases of nitrite contents, indicating a nitrogen cycle restart. Field trials confirmed the growth potential of MxG directly on FA, without any requirement of additional landfill soil amendment. Finally, we believe that fly ash revegetation with MxG could be an effective strategy for cost effective and long term FA disposal site rehabilitation.     

原子吸收法测定青风藤根中微量元素和重金属含量

[目的]测定青风藤根中Ca、Fe、Mn、Zn、Pb、Cu、Cd、As、Cr9种元素含量。[方法]Pb、Cd、As、Cr采用塞曼石墨炉原子吸收法测定-Ca、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu采用火焰原子吸收法测定。[结果]青风藤根中Ca平均含量604．430mg／kg,Fe平均含量191．489mg／kg,Mn平_均含量299．216mg／kg,Zn平均含量18．590mg／kg,Cr平均含量1．750m∥kg;Ph含量,J、于0．7m∥kg,Cu含量小于8mg／kg,Cd含量小于0．5ms／kg,As含量小于0．5mg／kg。[结论]青风藤根中重金属含量较低,含有丰富的微量元素,与藤茎比较,含Fe和Ca量较高,具有开发利用价值。     

Comparison of Probe with Bath Ultrasonic Leaching Procedures for Preparation to Heavy Metal Analysis of Bio-Collectors Prior to Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Both comparison and optimization of two sample preparation methods (probe and bath) based on leaching of lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn) and nickel (Ni) from bio-collector sprouts (Pinus sylvertris L., Picea orientalis L., Thuja orientalis L.) under ultrasonic effect has been examined. The best analytical conditions influencing leaching such as sonication times, acid type, acid concentrations, ultrasound amplitude and sample position (wet, dry and grinding) were determined. Leachatants obtained upon sonication were directly nebulized into an air-acetylene flame for fast metal determination by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Optimum conditions for ultrasonic metal leaching were as follows: a 15 min for probe or 30 min for bath sonication time, wet sample position, nitric acid (HNO₃) solvent, 1% (w/v) for probe or 2% (w/v) for bath solvent concentration and 20% amplitude for probe. Comparable results for the ultrasonic leaching with probe (UL-P) and the ultrasonic leaching with bath (UL-B) for metals in certified reference material and bio-collectors have been obtained. Besides, UL-P reduces the time required for all treatments with UL-B approximately from 30 min to 15 min. The accuracy of methods was tested either by comparing obtained results with those of ashing method (AM) or by application on a certified reference material (CRM-7, Tea Leaves). The recoveries of metals using CRM-7 ranged from 94% to 104% for UL-P and 91% to 101% for the UL-B. The precision variance either between UL-P and UL-B or UL-P and AM was not significant at 0.05 probability for all metals. The relative standard deviation % was obtained between 3.4–7.6% (n = 3) and 4.7–9.5% (n = 3) for UL-P and UL-B, respectively, depending on the analyte.