东北原生种猕猴桃种质RAPD研究

对东北原生种猕猴桃的软枣、狗枣及葛枣猕猴桃RAPD研究结果表明:3个种DNA多态性较强。聚类分析表明:不同种间遗传距离较远,软枣与狗枣猕猴桃间亲缘相对较近,此二者与葛枣猕猴桃相对较远;种内雄株与雌株之间遗传距离相对较远,这种结果可能与花型有关;软枣猕猴桃种内和种间杂交品系分为3组,第1组为软枣雌株,第2组为软枣杂交品系(软枣雌株×美味猕猴桃),第3组为软枣雄株。3种在起源上接近,狗枣与葛枣的带型比软枣更为丰富,推测此2种可能较软枣更为进化。本研究建立的指纹图谱可用于东北原生种猕猴桃的种质鉴定和亲缘关系分析。     

The Complete Genomic Sepuence of a Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Isolated from the Swine

The complete genomic sequence of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) Chinese strain OH/CHA/99 was determined. The 8 040 nt sequence and the deduced amino acid sequence were compared with FMDV sequences published. The results showed that OH/CHA/99 shared higher sequence homology with OTYTW/97, indicating their close genetic relationship. However,the strain had lower sequence identity with O1/Kaufbeuren/66 strain. Besides, large deletions in 3A coding region were observed in OH/CHA/99. It was shown that the poly (A)tail of OH/CHA/99 had 56 As at least.     

沙蒿钻蛀性害虫的初步研究

沙蒿(Artemisia ordosica和A.sphaerocephala)是内蒙西部荒漠草原重要植物,近年由于害虫为害,死亡很严重。为害沙蒿的害虫中以钻蛀为害的种类较多且为害轻重,是导致沙蒿死亡的主要因素之一。本文根据1983～1985年的实地观察,对沙蒿大粒象、沙蒿木蠹蛾、沙蒿圆吉丁虫和沙蒿蛀茎蛾的形态特征、生物学特点及为害习性进行了初步研究。     

BMGK-1型微计算机木材干燥监控系统的研制

本文就微计算机技术在木材干燥生产过程控制中的应用,作了理论和技术方面的分析。同时对研制成功的BMGK-1型微计算机木材于燥监控系统的软硬件结构、原理及技术经济性能进行了全面的论述。 本系统能与我国现有各类木材干燥设备配套使用,并可以提高生产效率、保证干燥质量、减轻工人劳动强度,节约能源效果显著。工业试验表明:与人工控制相比,平均节约工时10％以上。     

中国荷斯坦牛RPL23A和ACACB基因对产奶性状的遗传效应分析

作者所在团队前期通过奶牛乳腺上皮组织转录组测序及荷斯坦公牛全基因组重测序研究发现RPL23A和ACACB基因是奶牛乳蛋白和乳脂性状的候选功能基因,本研究旨在探究这两个基因是否对奶牛产奶性状具有显著遗传效应。以北京地区7个牧场的1059头中国荷斯坦母牛为试验群体,采集尾根静脉血并提取基因组DNA,通过飞行时间质谱方法检测SNP位点基因型,利用SAS9.4软件的MIXED过程进行关联分析。结果表明,RPL23A基因的SNP位点g.20146771C>T与第1泌乳期5个产奶性状达到显著或极显著关联(P=0.0001~0.0416),其优势等位基因为T;ACACB基因的g.63878254T>C位点与第1泌乳期产奶量、乳脂量和乳蛋白量呈极显著关联(P<0.01),其优势等位基因为C;g.63962768G>A位点与第1泌乳期产奶量、乳脂量、乳脂率和乳蛋白率关联显著或极显著(P=0.0001~0.0391),其优势等位基因为A。综上,RPL23A基因主要影响中国荷斯坦牛产奶量和乳蛋白,ACACB基因对产奶量和乳脂具有显著遗传效应,3个SNP位点可考虑作为遗传标记用于标记辅助选择培育奶牛高乳蛋白乳脂新品系和选育提高。     

普通小麦与沙生冰草、根茎冰草属间杂种的产生及其细胞遗传学研究

 通过幼胚拯救，首次获得了普通小麦与沙生冰草、根茎冰草两组合的属间杂种。在幼胚拯救时发现，无盾片的幼胚是不能产生杂种苗的。对获得的两组合杂种植株进行了壮苗和破蘖培养繁苗，使来自同一胚的杂种植株数目增加。在获得的F#-1杂种中，幼苗形态和穗型似普通小麦栽培种。在花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ，中国春×沙生冰草、根茎冰草两组合杂种F#-1的染色体配对频率远远超出了期望值。对杂种F#-1用四倍体和六倍体小麦回交，都能很容易获得种子，平均结实率都在15%以上。特别值得注意的是两组合的属间杂种均具有自交可育性，自交结实率分别为0.46%和0.15%。文章讨论了：⒈杂交成功的经验；⒉P与A、B、D染色体组间特殊遗传关系的理论分析；⒊F#-1自交结实的原因；⒋壮苗培养和破蘖培养繁苗在小麦远缘杂交中的重要作用。小麦属与冰草属间自交和回交后代的首次获得，在理论上对前人所认为的P染色体组在小麦族中的高度独立遗传性，提供了直接的相反证据；在实践上，使产生异源附加系、代换系甚至易位系、进而为利用P染色体组中的期望基因变得相对的容易。     

r-球蛋白制剂对AA肉用仔鸡的生长和血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性的影响

为评价 r-球蛋白制剂对肉用仔鸡生长和血清 ALP 活性的影响.将试验组自出壳后肌肉注射 r-球蛋白制剂,每次剂量为10mg/羽,共3次,对照组不予注射.两组鸡均检测血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性变化,试验结果表明.试验组与对照组组比,在7周龄末,平均体重增加54g;在第3.4、5周龄期,平均日增重和血清 ALP 活性分别提高4.2%、4.8%、3.7%和65.7%、20.5%、78.1%.提示 r 球蛋白制剂有增加肉用仔鸡早、中期的生长速度和血清 ALP 活性的作用.此外试验还表明,血清 ALP 活性与相对增重呈显著的正相关(r=0.941).本文还对r-球蛋白制剂促进肉鸡生长的作用机理进行了探讨.     

Polyhydroxy p-Terphenyls from a Mangrove Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus candidus LDJ-5

Six undescribed polyhydroxy p-terphenyls, namely asperterphenyllins A–F, were isolated from an endophytic fungus Aspergillus candidus LDJ-5. Their structures were determined by NMR and MS data. Differing from the previously reported p-terphenyls, asperterphenyllin A represents the first p-terphenyl dimer connected by a C-C bond. Asperterphenyllin A displayed anti-influenza virus A (H1N1) activity and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitory activity with IC₅₀ values of 53 μM and 21 μM, respectively. The anti-influenza virus A (H1N1) activity and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitory activity of p-terphenyls are reported for the first time. Asperterphenyllin G exhibited cytotoxicity against nine cell lines with IC₅₀ values ranging from 0.4 to 1.7 μM. Asperterphenyllin C showed antimicrobial activity against Proteus species with a MIC value of 19 μg/mL.     

Water management for maize grown in sandy soil under climate change conditions

To reduce climate change risks on maize yield grown in sandy soil, agricultural management practices must be studied. The aim of the study was to determine whether improved water management practices could reduce the vulnerability of maize to drought stress by climate change. Eight fertigation treatments in addition to farmer irrigation (control treatment) were tested. Two climate change scenarios were incorporated in the CropSyst model to assess maize yield responses to variable fertigation regimes under different climate change conditions. The results showed that under current climate, the highest and lowest water productivity (WP) values were obtained when irrigation was applied using 0.8 and 0.6 potential crop evapotranspiration (ETc) with fertigation application in 80% and 60% of application time, respectively. The highest WP under the tested climate change scenarios was obtained when irrigation was applied using 1.2 and 0.8 of ETc with fertigation application in 80% of application time, respectively, in 2009 and 2010 growing seasons. Irrigating maize grown in sandy soil under drip irrigation with an amount of either 1.2 or 0.8 of ETc with fertigation application in 80% of application time are recommended to enhance the WP and reduce maize’s damage caused by extreme climate change.