Comparative analysis of genetic effects of wheat‐Dasypyrum villosum translocations T6V#2S·6AL and T6V#4S·6DL

Wheat‐Dasypyrum villosum translocations T6V#2S·6AL and T6V#4S·6DL, carriers of Pm21 and PmV, respectively, confer high resistance to wheat powdery mildew. For better understanding of the difference in genetic effect between them, a RIL population was constructed based on the cross between “Yangmai 18” carrying T6V#2S·6AL and “Yangmai 22” carrying T6V#4S·6DL. Analysis of distribution of the translocations showed that T6V#2S·6AL is much more transmittable than T6V#4S·6DL. By comparing their effects on main agronomic traits, we firstly found that T6V#2S·6AL contributes greatly to top spikelet fecundity, but causes a decrease of 6.7%–10.5% of spike number. No stable effects of T6V#4S·6DL on agronomic traits were found, except for positive effect on plant height. Excitingly, a new recombinant, T6V#4S‐6V#2S·6AL carrying PmV, was screened and proved to have a higher transmission rate than the original translocation T6V#4S·6DL, which will greatly promote the utilization of PmV. The above conclusions of this research will provide important guidance for utilization of Pm21 and PmV more effectively, in wheat powdery mildew resistance breeding.     

改良昌7-2玉米自交系配合力研究

利用13个玉米自交系,按NCⅡ不完全双列杂交设计配制成42个杂交组合,随机区组排列,田间品比鉴定和室内鉴定相结合。结果表明,西农672产量配合力高于昌7-2和7117,穗长、结实长、穗行数和行粒数性状的配合力高于昌7-2、PH6wc和7117;西农672出籽率性状配合力低于昌7-2,株高配合力低于PH6wc,高于昌7-2,也高于7117;西农672穗位高配合力高于PH6wc和7117,低于昌7-2。西农672出籽率配合力与PH6wc相近;叶面积系数、穗长、穗行数、结实长、行粒数比昌7-2高,百粒重、小区产量配合力比PH6wc略低。用PH6wc来改良昌7-2得到的西农672,综合性状改良效果较为显著。用PH6wc改良昌7-2育成西农672与用昌7-2×武117育成的7117和昌7-2相比较,其产量配合力、产量性状、农艺性状配合力等均有显著提升。     

淡紫拟青霉E7菌株固体放大发酵产孢培养基和工艺条件研究

为探讨淡紫拟青霉E7菌株固体放大发酵因子间的关系以获得大量孢子用于田间试验,通过正交试验设计优化固体发酵培养基成分和培养条件组合,并测定外加碳源、氮源、无机盐和装料方式对产孢量的影响。结果表明：以玉米粉+甘蔗渣+麸皮+壳聚糖组成的正交2号配方为最佳复合培养基质,分生孢子产量达7.13×109个/g,以发酵液pH+液相发酵终点+温度+初始含水量组成的正交4号配方为优适培养条件,分生孢子产量达8.97×109个/g;该菌株在优化后的培养基配方中添加0.4％蔗糖、0.2％蛋白胨、0.002％硫酸锰,以双层纱布袋装料按优化后的培养条件放大培养,产孢量最高可达到8.22×1010个/g。优化后的E7菌株发酵产孢培养基基质用量少,发酵成本低,适合于固体放大发酵生产淡紫拟青霉孢子。     

工业化大豆蛋白7S和11S组分分离技术研究进展

该文围绕目前工业化生产11S和7S组分的分离技术成果,结合实验室的分离技术(Guo法),比较了各种分离方法的差异.结果表明:分离提取技术利用的原理几乎均建立在"碱溶酸提"和"冷沉"作用基础之上.Wu首次成功地进行了7S和11S的工业化分离,之后的研究多是对此方法的改进和修饰.而Guo法是唯一采用中性条件抽提的工业化分离方法,在节省了原料碱的同时,避免了蛋白的变性.同时,该文提出了目前工业化生产大豆组分蛋白中存在的问题,虽然不断在加工方式上进行改进,但仍存在步骤复杂、产率低、生产成本高等方面的问题,因此作者进一步对实现工业化分离大豆组分蛋白提出了需要改进和努力的方向.     

中华鲟神经内分泌多肽7B2基因克隆及组织特异性表达

以中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)脑垂体总RNA为模板,采用RT-PCR和RACE方法,获得中华鲟神经内分泌多肽(7B2)基因的3个重叠片段,测序后拼接得到986 bp全长基因序列,其中包括5'端非翻译区(5′-UTR)14 bp、3′端非翻译区(3-′UTR)261 bp和开放阅读框711 bp。翻译编码236个氨基酸。其中前43个氨基酸为7B2的信号肽。经BLAST比对发现中华鲟7B2蛋白的同源性与斑马鱼(Danio rerio)的相似性最高为82%。系统发育分析表明,中华鲟与斑马鱼亲缘关系最近。半定量RT-PCR分析表明:在脑中7B2 mRNA表达量最高,心脏、性腺、胰等组织中表达次之,肠、肾、皮肤等组织中少量表达,肝和鳃几乎不表达。     

猪繁殖和呼吸综合症山东分离株ORF7基因的克隆、测序及鉴定

山东某些养殖场发生以母猪流产或产死胎、木乃伊等为特症的流行性繁殖障碍病,怀疑为猪繁殖与呼吸综合症病毒(PRRSV)所致.自行设计了一对针对PRRSV的N基因的特异性引物P1和P2,通过RT-PCR技术对分别从潍坊和济南收集到的可疑病料进行检测,结果为阳性,并得到1条366bp的DNA片段.纯化此扩增产物,然后与PMD-18T载体连接,转化大肠杆菌DH5α.结果得到了1个ORF7基因与PMD-18T载体的重组质粒PMD-18T-ORF7.通过EcoRⅠ/BamHⅠ双酶切及PCR证明此重组质粒即为ORF7基因与PMD-18T载体的重组质粒,从而为ORF7基因及其表达的核衣壳蛋白进一步研究奠定了基础.     

TRMM在海河流域南系的降水估算精度评价及其对SWAT模型的适用性

准确估算区域降水对水文过程评价和水资源管理意义重大。为评估TRMM 3B42V7降水产品在海河流域南系的估算精度及其在土壤和水评估模型(Soil and Water Assessment Tool,SWAT)中的适用性,利用28个气象站降水观测数据(2007-2016年)和101个雨量站观测数据(2010-2016年)开展研究。研究表明:站点尺度上,3B42V7降水产品对月降水估算的均方根误差小于15 mm,平均误差小于8.5 mm;在湿润季节的估算精度更好。流域尺度上,日降水估算精度较差,相关系数小于0.6。分区尺度上,3B42V7能够很好地捕捉到不同等级降水强度,但对微量降雨有所低估;山区和平原的年降水量均出现高估现象,平原区较为突出;此外,3B42V7能够较好地捕捉到研究区内极端降水的时间和空间分布。分2种情景进行水文模拟,利用月平均流量对模型进行校准和验证,在情景Ⅰ中,验证期模拟结果较好,决定系数在0.56~0.96之间,纳什效率系数在-11.09~0.94之间。TRMM 3B42V7可为海河流域及其类似区域的水资源管理提供参考。     

Optimizing the lighting regime for Alstroemeria with respect to photoperiod and fluence rates

The Alstroemeria cultivars Diamond, King Cardinal and Libelle were grown for 18 months under five lighting regimes with, and without, soil cooling. The aim was to optimize the daily investment of light energy from artificial sources with respect to photoperiod and photosynthetic fluence rates and to elucidate possible links between reactions to photoperiod and root-zone temperature. The more photons (photosynthetically active radiation, PAR) that were supplied to the plants per day (8, 11 and 13 mol m⁻²), the higher was the total production of flowering stems. The total yield from regimes with 13 mol m⁻² day⁻¹ was higher when the light was spread over 20 and 16 h compared to 12 h. In treatments with soil cooling, the plants flowered continuously under all combinations of photoperiods and photosynthetic fluence rates, and the summer and autumn recession in flower production that occurred for non-cooled ‘King Cardinal' and ‘Diamond' was the same under all lighting regimes. It is concluded that it might be more cost-effective to spread the daily investment of light over 20 rather than 16 or 12 h when the total energy budget and CO₂ costs are taken into consideration.     

外源表油菜素内酯和过氧化氢对低温处理后湘烟7号幼苗生理特性的影响

以烤烟品种湘烟 7 号为材料,经 4 ℃处理 4 d 后连续喷施 0.01 mg/L 表油菜素内酯( EBR、T1)和 340 mg/L过氧化氢(H₂O₂、T2)4 d, 以进行低温处理后喷施蒸馏水的烟苗为低温处理对照(CK1),以未经低温处理喷施蒸馏水的烟苗为正常生长对照(CK2),测定烟草幼苗生物量、抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT)活性、MDA 含量、渗透调节物质及根系活力。结果表明：与 CK2 相比,湘烟 7 号烟苗经 4 ℃低温处理后,根系活力及生物量降低,CAT活性、MDA、可溶性糖及脯氨酸含量升高,SOD、POD 活性及可溶性蛋白含量无显著变化;与 CK1 相比,喷施EBR 和 H₂O₂的烟苗根系活力、根冠比、保护酶活性均明显提高,干物质量分别提高 40%、20%,可溶性糖分别增加 66.3%、51.3%,MDA 含量分别降低 37.8%、37.5%;低温处理后转入常温的第 8 天和第 12 天,喷施 EBR、H₂O₂的处理与 CK2 ...     

Effects of glycinin on growth performance,immunity and antioxidant capacity in juvenile golden crucian carp,Cyprinus carpio × Carassius auratus

This study was designed to examine the effects of glycinin on growth, digestive ability, immune responses, antioxidant capacity and gene expression levels of golden crucian carp. Golden crucian carp were fed diets containing glycinin at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 g/kg, respectively, for 8 weeks. Body weight, weight gain percentage, specific growth rate and feed efficiency ratio were negatively related to the content of glycinin in diet. Activities of protease, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, lysozyme in hepatopancreas, and activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and total antioxidant capacity in the proximal intestine, mid intestine, distal intestine and hepatopancreas were negatively related to the content of glycinin in diet, whereas malondialdehyde in proximal intestine, mid intestine, distal intestine and hepatopancreas increased directly with the content of glycinin in diet. Furthermore, the relative expressions of TNF‐α and IL‐1β in proximal intestine, mid intestine and distal intestine increased directly with the content of glycinin in diet, whereas the relative expressions of TNF‐α and IL‐1β in hepatopancreas were negatively related to the content of glycinin in diets. The relative expressions of IL‐10 in proximal intestine, mid intestine, distal intestine and hepatopancreas all were negatively related to the content of glycinin in diets. In conclusion, reductions in growth, immunity and antioxidant capacity, intestine inflammation with dysfunction of digestive system occurred in golden crucian carp that fed a diet containing glycinin at 30 g/kg or higher after 8 weeks.