套作遮荫条件下烯效唑对大豆壮苗机理的研究

为探明烯效唑在套作遮荫条件下对大豆的壮苗机理,通过盆栽试验,研究了烯效唑干拌种（0、2、4、8 mg/kg）对大豆苗期根、叶生理功能的影响。结果表明,烯效唑干拌种提高了根体积、根系活力和根系活跃吸收面积（除8 mg/kg）,但显著降低了根长。同时,烯效唑干拌种还提高了根、叶中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性,从而降低了脂质过氧化程度,降低了根、叶中丙二醛(MDA)含量,提高了根、叶中脯氨酸(Pro)含量,最终保护了细胞膜的完整性和功能性,其中烯效唑干拌种浓度以4 mg/kg最佳。可见,适宜浓度的烯效唑干拌种可以改善套作大豆苗期生长,提高耐荫抗逆能力,有利于套作大豆后期的营养生长和生殖生长。     

遮荫对刺五加生长和光合特性日变化影响的研究

在透光率为100%、60%、20%三种光照条件下,对两年生刺五加的生长和光合特性进行研究。结果表明刺五加移栽苗当年的茎粗、冠幅和叶面积的生长均表现为透光率60%>100%>20%,株高生长随透光率的增加而增加。刺五加的净光合速率在100%光照条件下为双峰曲线,上午10:00达到最高峰,之后即急剧下降,16:00出现次峰,表明自然光照条件下刺五加有明显"午休"现象,遮荫处理的净光合速率日变化规律均为单峰曲线,在12:00出现高峰,比全光照条件下延迟两小时,在全光照条件下刺五加有灼伤现象,因此在人工栽培刺五加的过程中可以进行林下栽植,以得到适当的遮荫,利于其生长。     

光照和氮营养对水曲柳苗木生长及碳-氮代谢的影响

采用室内砂培方式,以1年生水曲柳幼苗为试验材料,探讨不同光强和供N水平对苗木生长及碳-氮代谢的影响.结果表明:遮荫处理下的苗木比叶面积、冠根比、单株叶面积和叶质量比分别较全光照处理增加了35.5%,24.9%,21.8%和18.5%,而苗木单株生物量下降了19.6%.无论在全光照还是遮荫条件下,苗木单株生物量和叶面积均随N供给浓度的增加而显著提高(P＜0.05).遮荫处理显著降低了叶片中可溶性糖、淀粉和非结构性碳水化合物含量,随供N浓度的增加叶片中淀粉和非结构性碳水化合物总量显著降低(P＜0.05).遮荫还使叶片硝酸盐含量和硝酸还原酶活性显著降低(P＜0.05),但使叶片可溶性蛋白含量显著提高(P＜0.05).2种光强下,随N供给水平的提高,叶片可溶性蛋白含量和硝酸还原酶活性明显上升,同时硝酸盐含量则明显下降.叶片碳代谢指标(可溶性糖含量、淀粉含量和非结构性碳水化合物总量)与氮代谢指标(可溶性蛋白含量、硝酸盐含量和硝酸还原酶活性)之间,除可溶性糖含量与硝酸盐含量呈显著正相关外(r=0.944,P＜0.01),其余碳氮代谢指标之间具有一定程度的负相关性,但都未达到显著水平.综上所述,1年生水曲柳苗木对光强和N营养的改变反应都十分敏感.虽然水曲柳幼苗对弱光和低N环境具有一定的适应和调节能力,但是光照不足和N贫乏最终将使苗木的生长发育受到严重抑制.     

遮荫对天女木兰光合特性及生长的影响

研究不同程度的遮荫(A:0,B:25.8%,C:61.3%,D:90.3%)对天女木兰光合特性及生长的影响。结果表明:天女木兰的地径、苗高和生物量均表现为B>A>C>D。天女木兰的光补偿点和光饱和点均较低,且随着遮荫程度的提高,其值以及暗呼吸速率均依次降低。天女木兰净光合速率日变化规律在不同的遮荫处理下均呈现双峰型曲线,有明显的光合"午休"现象,净光合速率日最大值为B>A>C>D。B处理是这4种遮荫处理中天女木兰生长最适宜的遮荫强度,适度遮荫可增强天女木兰叶片的光合作用,促进其生长。     

结果部位不同光照条件对梨果实品质的影响

为促进新疆主干形梨树的推广应用,以库尔勒香梨、玉露香梨和新梨7号树冠内膛遮荫果实及光照良好外部果实为试验材料,对比分析了不同光照条件对果实品质的影响。结果表明,与树冠内膛遮荫果实相比,外部光照良好的库尔勒香梨、玉露香梨和新梨7号果实亮度值(L^*)分别显著提高了12.87%、7.24%和6.02%;红绿色度值(a^*)值分别显著提高了62.88%、46.02%和18.88%,果面色泽好,颜色红;单果重、纵横径有一定提高,但不存在显著性差异;可溶性总糖、可溶性固形物及咀嚼性显著提高,果实的蔗糖、果糖、VC、硬度和有机酸等品质指标有一定改善,但不存在显著性差异。可见,树体外部光照条件良好的果实品质优于内膛遮荫果实,在生产中,应当加强修剪,改善果实光照条件。     

遮荫胁迫下外源一氧化氮对高羊茅的生理调控作用

用外源一氧化氮(NO)供体硝普钠(SNP)处理遮荫胁迫下的2个高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea)品种,探讨外源NO对遮荫胁迫下其叶绿素含量、膜透性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、抗氧化酶活性及脯氨酸(Pro)含量的影响。结果表明:外源NO可以显著提高遮荫胁迫下高羊茅叶片的叶绿素含量(P<0.05),减弱质膜相对透性的增加,减缓膜质过氧化产物MDA含量的升高,促进Pro的积累,提高超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性(P<0.05)。遮荫胁迫下高羊茅品种踏火二号的电解质渗透率、MDA含量、CAT活性和Pro含量的变化显著(P<0.05),NO的作用效果更明显。表明外源NO对遮荫胁迫下的高羊茅具有一定的保护作用,且存在品种差异。     

“桥头堡”战略下云南农业对外开放与合作研究

总结了云南农业对外开放与合作的优势、合作情况：云南具有得天独厚的区位优势和丰富多样的生物资源优势,与东南亚、南亚国家优势特色产业发展优势互补性强,农业生产技术优势明显;云南与东南亚、南亚国家合作机制初步形成,农业科技合作和培训不断加强,农产品贸易快速增长。指出目前主要存在：交通运输落后,出口农产品基地规模小,质量安全管理水平低,企业国际竞争力弱,口岸基础设施建设滞后等问题和困难。结合国家“桥头堡”建设的总体要求,提出“桥头堡”战略下云南农业对外开放与合作要加大资金投入和政策扶持力度,加强质量安全管理,培育壮大外向型农业龙头企业,构筑便捷物流信息平台,推进云南优势特色农业向东南亚、南亚开放等对策建议。     

遮荫对茶树新梢叶绿素及其生物合成前体的影响

研究了遮阳网遮荫处理对鸠坑、龙井43、水古新梢叶绿素生物合成前体物质和新梢叶绿素积累的影响。结果显示：遮荫降低光照强度,茶树新梢叶绿素含量显著增加;同时叶绿素生物合成的前体物质δ-氨基酮戊酸（aminolevulinic acid, ALA）、卟啉胆色素原（porphobilinogen, PBG）、尿卟啉原Ⅲ（Urogen Ⅲ）等含量降低,而原卟啉Ⅸ（protoporphyrin Ⅸ, ProtoⅨ）、镁原卟啉Ⅸ（magnesium protoporphyrin Ⅸ, Mg-ProtoⅨ）、原叶绿素酸酯（protochlorophyllide, Pchlide）含量升高。     

Effects of Shading at Different Stages After Anthesis on Maize Grain Weight and Quality at Cytology Level

The objective of the current study is to investigate the effects of different stages of shading after anthesis on grain weight and quality of maize at cytology level.The shading experiments were conducted in the field from 2005 to 2006,with a common maize cultivar(TY2)as the experimental material.Plants were given stress using horizontal shading net and the light intensity was reduced by 55%.Field-grown maize plants were shaded at 1-14 d(S1),15-28 d(S2),and 29-42 d(S3)after pollination,respectively.Control plants(S0)were grown under natural light.Grain weight,quality,endosperm cell proliferation,cob sugar content,and grain pedicel vascular bundle cross section area were measured.The ultrastructural changes of endosperm cells and endosperm transfer cells were observed after pollination.The result indicated that the grain weight,starch content,endosperm cell number,and volume were declined after shading.On the contrary,the proportion of embryo and endosperm,protein content,and fat content in grain increased.Shading treatments significantly delayed the development of the starch granules and remarkably reduced the endosperm filling status.Among the three treatments.the number of the grain endosperm was the least under shading stress at 1-14 d after pollination.However,the volume of starch granules and the substantiation of endosperm under shading treatment at 15-28 d after pollination were the worst.Compared with the control(natural sunlight without shading),the soluble sugar of maize cob increased significantly,while there was no obvious change in vascular structure of small cluster stalk.The number of protein body in maize endosperm was influenced markedly by low light at different stages after pollination.Low light decreased the volume of the grain endosperm transfer and the cell wall extensions of the basal transfer cells became thinner and shorter under shading treatment than those of the control.Furthermore,the degree of connection and the capacity of the nutrient transport were decreased and the mitochondrion number of the transfer cell was reduced after shading.The change in grain quality after shading was observed due to increase in the proportion of embryo and endosperm.The morphology and functions in endosperm transfer cell and the shortage of energy restricted the nutrient transport greatly with shading at different stages,suggesting that an impeded flux may be one of the important reasons for the reduction of maize grain weight of maize grain at later growth stage under low light condition.     

遮荫对观赏辣椒结果期生长发育的影响

以食用辣椒为对照,研究不同遮荫度下观赏辣椒开花结果期生长发育的变化。结果表明:辣椒对遮荫有一定的适应能力,主要通过增大叶面积来实现,但长期弱光条件严重抑制辣椒的生长发育。观赏辣椒对遮荫的适应能力要强于食用辣椒;适当的遮荫能够增加观赏辣椒的分叉数,从而增加其观赏性。为了使观赏辣椒能正常开花结果,室内的照度必须保持在12 389 lx以上。