荞麦栽培的技术

1选茬整地 选茬。轮作制度是农作制度的重要组成部分。轮作,也称换茬,是指同一苦荞地块于一定年限内按一定顺序轮换种植不同作物,以调节土壤肥力,防除病虫草害,实现作物高产稳产。荞麦对茬口选择不严格,无论在什么茬口上都可以生长,但忌连作。为了获得荞麦高产,在轮作作物中最好选择好茬口,比较好的茬口是豆类、马铃薯,这些都是养地作物。其次是玉米、小麦、菜地茬口,这些都是用地作物。     

塑料大棚栽培的轮作与茬口安排

1轮作1.1作用有利于发挥土壤中各种营养成分。如把需氮较多的叶菜类与需磷较多的果菜类和需钾较多的茎菜类,把深根性的豆类、瓜类、茄果类同浅根性的白菜、甘蓝、黄瓜、葱蒜类等进行轮作,可以充分利用土壤中所含的各种不同养分和不同土层中的养分。     

蔬菜冬季设施化高产栽培技术

1选择优良品种适应冬季设施化栽培的蔬菜种类很多,如黄瓜、番茄、食用菌等,它们抗病性强,耐寒性较好,口味佳,易贮运。2合理施肥为了节约投资,富化土壤,每667平方米施腐熟有机肥5000～8000千克,复合肥30千克,尿素20千克,深耕20～30厘米,耕细整平。3病虫害的综合防治夏季让土地休     

土洞栽培食用菌效果好

土洞栽培是淄博人民生产食用菌的一大创举,具有充分利用资源、不占地、可四季栽培、冬暖夏凉、温度恒定、湿度适中的特点。为此,临淄区首次启动了“土洞食用菌生产新技术开发工程”。探索出“土洞双孢菇—蒜黄—鸡腿菇”高效种植模式,取得了较高的社会效益和经济效益。一般建造长约50 m的土洞费用在2 000元左右,而种植三茬作物产生的经济效益在2万元以上,经济效益显著。现将关键技术措施总结如下:一、茬口安排双孢菇于8月上、中旬备料,至9月上中旬接种,10月中、下旬开始出菇,11月下旬—12月上旬采收完毕。双孢菇采收结束后,12月中、下旬开始…     

茬口对不同专用小麦品种产量及穗部性状的影响

在山西临汾建立了大豆、油葵、玉米和休闲4个茬口。对不同茬口的8个不同专用小麦品种的产量及穗部性状的影响进行了研究。结果表明:产量性状适宜大豆茬口的品种1个,玉米茬口2个,油葵茬口3个,休闲茬口2个。8个品种在各茬口的平均产量以玉米茬最高5 985.0kg/hm2,大豆茬最低5 602.5kg/hm2。茬口之间的平均籽粒密度最大相差0.22粒/cm,品种间平均相差2.39粒/cm。茬口之间平均小穗密度相差0.13个/cm,品种间平均小穗密度相差0.84个/cm。     

蔬菜品种茬口安排应注意的问题

近年来,随着人民生活水平从温饱型转向小康型,蔬菜消费从量的满足向种类(品种)多样化转变。蔬菜品种不断变化更新,每年有成百上千的新优品种问世,这就要求蔬菜生产者必须科学地安排好品种茬口,适时地均衡地向市场提供优质的多样化的商品蔬菜。下面以潜山县蔬菜生产为例,谈谈蔬菜品种茬口安排中应注意的几个问题。1要因地制宜根据本地区的气候、土壤等条件和蔬菜的生长发育对环境的要求选择品种茬口。虽然目前设施园艺快速发展,早熟等专用蔬菜育种也有许多新的突破,许多蔬菜种类通过设施栽培基本上实现了周年供应,但对某一地区而言,安排茬口…     

Response of grain yield and related agronomic traits of oilseed flax to diversified cropping rotations北大核心CSCD

This research aimed to identify a suitable planting pattern for oilseed flax production in a dry-farming region. A long-term field experiment was started in 2012 with a 4-year crop rotation cycle,designed to measure the effects on flax crop performance of previous crop,and various patterns of flax planting interval within the four-year rotation,compared with continuous flax cropping. Crop parameters measured included plant height,stem diameter,dry matter accumulation and distribution,and the experiment included six different crop rotation patterns：Flax→flax →flax→flax［（F）FFF］;Flax→wheat→potato→flax［（F）WPF］;Flax→potato→flax→wheat［（F）PFW］;Flax→ flax→wheat→potato［（F）FWP］;Flax→wheat→flax→potato［（F）WFP］and flax→wheat→potato→wheat［（F）WPW］. Results for the ninth year showed significantly increased grain yield（29. 89%-109. 57%）in crop rotation treatments compared with continuous cropping of oilseed flax. The ranking of the six tested rotations for yield was：（F）WPW>（F）FWP>（F）WFP>（F）PFW>（F）WPF>（F）FFF. The grain yield of oilseed flax was significantly affected by previous crop,frequency and years interval of flax cropping and number of years of continuous flax cropping. Yield was increased by 54. 45%-59. 29% under wheat stubble and potato stubble compared with oilseed flax stubble,and increased by 30. 66% and 109. 57%,respectively,under 50% and 25% frequencies,compared with 100% frequency. The grain yield of oilseed flax under two-year continuous cropping was higher by 29. 89% than four-year continuous cropping,and increased with increase in years interval between flax crops. Correlation analysis identified a significantly positive correlation between oilseed flax grain yield and effective capsule number,branch number and 1000-seed weight. The effective capsule number,branch number and 1000-seed weight of oilseed flax under rotation treatment were increased by 35. 88%-108. 91%,15. 47%-46. 19% and 14. 61%-16. 34%,respectively（P<0. 05）,compared with continuous cropping. In addition,the high grain yield of oilseed flax was accompanied by an increase in plant height,stem diameter and dry matter accumulation and these increases were,respectively,5. 11%-42. 24%,2. 77%-39. 92% and 31. 25%-117. 89% under the rotation regimes,compared with continuous cropping. Reduction in the number of years of continuous cropping years,change of crop stubble,decreased flax planting frequency and increased of interval between flax crops also improved flax crop performance. In summary,crop rotation improved the vigor of oilseed flax,resulting in greater plant height and stem diameter,improved dry matter accumulation and distribution,leading to increased branch number,effective capsule number and 1000-seed weight,and increase in the crop yield of oilseed flax. The results indicated that a multiple-crop rotation pattern was an effective way to avoid the yield reduction caused by continuous cropping in oilseed flax. The rotation： Flax→wheat→potato→wheat performed best among those tested and can be recommended as an appropriate cropping rotation for oilseed flax production in the dry region of northwest China. © 2022 Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved.     

不同作物茬口种植冬油菜对比试验

为了探索出不同作物后茬种植冬油菜对其农艺性状及产量的影响,在甘肃省天水市南部山区开展了冬小麦、糯玉米、马铃薯、食用葵、油葵五种作物茬口种植冬油菜对比试验。结果表明：油用葵茬口、糯玉米茬口、食用葵茬口、马铃薯茬口种植冬油菜产量在204.14~212.71kg/667m2之间,相差8.57kg,较对照增产5.07%~9.48%。综合产量、性状等因素分析,油用葵茬口、糯玉米茬口和食用葵茬口种植冬油菜产量较高,可在当地同等生态类型区域示范推广。