不同来源橡胶树炭疽病菌对保治达等4种药剂的敏感性测定

采用菌落生长速率法测定了18种橡胶炭疽病菌菌株对保治达等4种常用真菌性药剂的敏感性,结果显示,参试菌株对4种药剂均存在较高的敏感性,但存在一定的差异,表现为参试菌株对保治达的敏感性相对较高,烯唑醇次之,可杀得和施保克相对较差,表明参试的4种药剂对橡胶炭疽病菌均具有较强的抑制效果,均可在橡胶炭疽病的防治中推广应用,其中以保治达的防效最好。     

光杆状菌属细菌杀虫毒素复合体研究进展

光杆状菌属细菌是一类与异小杆属线虫共生的昆虫病原细菌,其产生的新型毒素蛋白复合体(Tc)具有高效、杀虫谱广、杀虫迅速等优点,有广阔的应用前景。对光杆状菌属细菌杀虫蛋白的分离纯化、杀虫蛋白作用机制、口服毒性与杀虫毒素基因的关系、杀虫蛋白基因的异源表达及其对昆虫的毒性等方面的研究进展进行了综述,并对今后的研究进行了展望。     

不同杀菌剂对青枣炭疽病菌的室内毒力测定

不同杀菌剂对青枣炭疽病菌的室内毒力试验结果表明:25%炭特灵可湿性粉剂(WP)和10%世高水分散粒剂(WDG)抑菌效果较好,其EC50分别为16.66 mg/L和36.96 mg/L;50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂(WP)抑菌效果最差,其EC50为390.03 mg/L.     

12.5%欧博悬浮剂对小麦纹枯病的防治效果

田间试验结果表明,12.5%欧博悬浮剂对小麦纹枯病有很好的防治效果,防效为64.4%～76.2%,且对小麦安全,可在生产中大面积推广应用,田间推荐用量为有效成分25～75g/hm2。     

Relationship Between Leaf C/N Ratio and Insecticidal Protein Expression in Bt Cotton as Affected by High Temperature and N Rate

Expression of insecticidal protein for transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis （Bt） cotton is unstable and related to nitrogen metabolism. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between leaf carbon nitrogen ratio （C/N） and insecticidal efficacy of two Bt cotton cultivars. C/N ratio and Bt protein content were both measured at peak square period and peak boll period respectively under 5-7 d high temperature and different nitrogen fertilizer rates on the Yangzhou University Farm and the Ludong Cotton Farm, China. All plants were grown in field. The results showed that the C/N ratio enhanced slightly and the Bt protein content remained stable at peak square period, but significant increases for the C/N ratio and decreases markedly for the leaf Bt protein concentration were detected at the peak boll period. The similar patterns at the two growth periods were found for the leaf C/N ratio and Bt protein content by different N fertilizer treatments. When nitrogen rate was from 0 to 600 kg ha-l, the C/N ratio was reduced by 0.017 and 0.006 for Sikang 1 and Sikang 3 at peak square period, compared to the 1.350 to 1.143 reduction for Sikang 1 and Sikang 3 at peak boll period, respectively. Correspondingly, the leaf Bt protein contents were bolstered by 2.6-11.8 and 26.9-36.9% at the two different growth periods, respectively. The results suggested that enhanced C/N ratio by high temperature and nitrogen application may result in the reduction of inseetiocidal efficacy in Bt cotton, especially in peak boll period.     

解淀粉芽孢杆菌gfj-4发酵上清液及其混剂对番茄早疫病菌抑制活性研究

为探究解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)gfj-4次级代谢产物及其化学杀菌剂复配剂对番茄早疫病菌(Alternaria solani)抑制活性。文章采用菌丝生长速率法测定接种量、发酵培养时间对抑菌物质的影响及发酵上清液、脂肽粗提物、发酵上清液与化学杀菌剂混配剂的病菌抑制活性。结果表明,种子液最适接种量为0.125%(V/V),最适发酵时间为96 h。生防菌发酵上清液和脂肽粗提物对番茄早疫病菌EC50分别为3.774和0.943μL·m L-1。番茄早疫病菌对咪鲜胺、苯醚甲环唑和丙环唑敏感性较高,其中咪鲜胺对病菌EC50达0.095μg·m L-1。发酵上清液和吡唑醚菌酯混配主要表现为相加和增效作用,其中以8.2比例混配毒性比最高为1.26。研究结果可为番茄早疫病防治措施更新和研制新配方农药提供理论依据。     

6种杀菌剂对苹果轮纹病的毒力测定

采用生长速率法测定了6种杀菌剂对苹果轮纹病菌的毒力。结果表明,氟硅唑、戊唑醇、多菌灵对菌丝的抑制作用最为明显,氟硅唑在处理剂量为0.800μg/mL时,抑制率为96.04%;戊唑醇在处理剂量3.200μg/mL时,抑制率为96.21%;多菌灵在处理剂量0.320μg/mL时,抑制率为92.20%。氟硅唑和多菌灵对苹果轮纹病菌的毒力较强,EC50分别为0.038 52μg/mL和0.067 54μg/mL;其次为戊唑醇和吡唑醚菌酯,EC50分别为0.154 8μg/mL和1.504 23μg/mL;苯醚甲环唑和异菌脲EC50分别为4.357 08μg/mL和4.875 82μg/mL。苯醚甲环唑对苹果轮纹病菌的毒力最弱。     

杀菌剂对火龙果溃疡病的室内毒力和田间防效

[目的]明确吡唑醚菌酯等杀菌剂对火龙果溃疡病的室内抑菌活性和田间防效,为火龙果溃疡病综合防控提供科学依据.[方法]采用菌丝生长速率法测定吡唑醚菌酯等5种杀菌剂对火龙果溃疡病菌菌丝生长的室内抑菌活性;利用田间植株喷雾法评价250 g/L吡唑醚菌酯乳油125.0、166.7和250.0 mg/kg,250 g/L嘧菌酯悬浮剂250.0 mg/kg,430 g/L戊唑醇悬浮剂215.0 mg/kg,10%己唑醇悬浮剂60.0 mg/kg和400 g/L氟硅唑乳油133.3 mg/kg对火龙果溃疡病的田间防治效果.[结果]室内毒力测定结果表明,己唑醇、戊唑醇、氟硅唑和吡唑醚菌酯对火龙果溃疡病菌菌丝生长均有较好的抑制作用,抑制中浓度(EC50)分别为0.0749、0.2325、0.5277和1.8572μg/mL,而嘧菌酯的抑制作用稍弱,EC50为18.5655μg/mL.田间小区防治试验结果证明,250 g/L吡唑醚菌酯乳油对火龙果溃疡病有很好的防效,施药3次后,250 g/L吡唑醚菌酯乳油125.0、166.7和250.0 mg/kg对茎溃疡病的防效分别在60.0%、70.0%和80.0%以上,对果实溃疡病的防效分别在65.0%、75.0%和85.0%以上.250 g/L嘧菌酯悬浮剂250.0 mg/kg和430 g/L戊唑醇悬浮剂215.0 mg/kg对火龙果溃疡病也有较好的防效,分别与250 g/L吡唑醚菌酯乳油166.7和125.0 mg/kg的防效相当.10%己唑醇悬浮剂60.0 mg/kg和400 g/L氟硅唑乳油133.3 mg/kg的田间防效较差.[结论]吡唑醚菌酯、嘧菌酯和戊唑醇对火龙果溃疡病均具有良好的防效,可作为防治火龙果溃疡病的药剂在生产上推广应用.     

小花假泽兰提取物抑菌活性研究

以石油醚、乙酸乙酯、乙醇对小花假泽兰茎叶进行依次提取。采用离体和活体试验法测定3种有机溶剂提取物对3种植物病原真菌的抑制活性。生长速率法试验结果表明：在干样0.09 g/ml浓度下,乙酸乙酯提取物能显著抑制番茄灰霉病、苹果炭疽病、南瓜枯萎病3种病原真菌菌丝的生长,抑制率均在90%以上。组织法试验结果表明：在干样0.18 g/ml浓度下,石油醚提取物对番茄果实灰霉病的治疗效果为63.55%,乙醇提取物保护效果为71.47%。对小麦白粉病的盆栽试验结果表明：石油醚提取物保护作用为81.26%,乙酸乙酯提取物治疗作用为62.07%。     

5种杀菌剂对胡瓜钝绥螨的毒性测定

采用玻片浸渍法、综合急性毒性和二次中毒3种方法测定了5种杀菌剂对天敌胡瓜钝绥螨雌成螨的毒性.试验结果表明,5种杀菌剂对胡瓜钝绥螨的毒力大小顺序为:10%安瑞克>10%专打>35%世福>80%必备>20%龙菌克,对胡瓜钝绥螨雌成螨的致死中浓度分别为69948.6608 mg/L、697402.4879 mg/L、1689...