高效液相色谱法测定木糖母液及发酵液中单糖含量

建立了木糖母液及其酵母发酵液中葡萄糖和半乳糖含量的高效液相色谱测定方法。测定方法基于铅配位体交换色谱分离模式,色谱分离柱采用Sepax Carbomix Pb-NP5(300×7.8 mm ID,5μm,8%交联度)色谱柱,柱温75℃;流动相采用超纯水(100%),泵速0.55 m L·min~(-1);示差折光检测器温度30℃;木糖母液样品采用固相萃取脱色前处理,母液的发酵液样品采用乙腈沉淀蛋白前处理。在最终的方法条件下,葡萄糖和半乳糖组分在25 min内完成基线分离,在0.2~10.0 mg·m L~(-1)浓度范围内呈现良好的线性关系,方法检测限分别为0.124 mg·m L~(-1)和0.115 mg·m L~(-1)。仪器系统简单,方法重现性好,结果准确。     

蔬菜残株沼气发酵液对薄皮甜瓜幼苗生长的影响

[目的]分析不同浓度沼气发酵液两种喷施方式对甜瓜幼苗生长发育的影响.[方法]以薄皮甜瓜(Cucumis melo)“京蜜11号”为试材、蔬菜残株为材料制作沼气发酵液,进行喷施和浇灌两种施用方式后,利用测量法观察株高、茎粗、地上部干重和地下部干重的变化.[结果]喷施沼气发酵液可以提高甜瓜幼苗株高和茎粗,促进真叶生长,增加地上部和地下部的干重,以300倍液沼气发酵液表现最明显,株高、茎粗、地上部和地下部的干重比对照分别增加31％、38％、57％,54％;浇灌不同浓度的沼气发酵液,株高、茎粗、地上部和地下部的干重比对照也有不同程度的增加.[结论]整体来看,喷施和浇灌沼气发酵液都能促进甜瓜幼苗生长,且喷施效果优于浇灌且以300倍液沼气发酵液为最优.     

10种白僵菌菌株发酵液对植物线虫和昆虫病原线虫的生物活性

为了获得高效的杀线虫生防菌资源,以山药短体线虫(Pralylenchus sp.)、黄瓜根结线虫(Meloidogyne sp.)为靶标,对10种白僵菌菌株发酵液的杀线虫活性进行测定,同时测定了白僵菌菌株发酵液对昆虫病原线虫小卷蛾斯氏线虫(Steinernema carpocapsae All)的生物活性。结果表明,菌株BD-B173、BD-B180、BD-B061-3和BD-B315对山药短体线虫具有高毒力,24 h校正死亡率分别为97.20%、96.50%、91.16%、90.32%;48 h校正死亡率分别为97.30%、97.67%、92.45%、94.40%。菌株BD-B061-3、BD-B198、BD-B118和BD-B173对黄瓜根结线虫具有高毒力,24 h校正死亡率分别为97.47%、91.65%、81.37%、68.92%;48 h校正死亡率分别为98.73%、95.27%、87.53%、96.53%。10种白僵菌菌株发酵液对小卷蛾斯氏线虫24 h及48 h的校正死亡率均不超过10%。说明10种白僵菌菌株发酵液对2种植物线虫的杀虫活性具有特异性,且对昆虫病原线虫小卷蛾斯氏线虫的毒力均较弱。     

豆娘肠道真菌DN02的鉴定及其除草活性成分

运用涂布平板法从健康豆娘肠道中分离得到1株真菌DN02,采用形态学和ITS序列分析方法对其进行了鉴定,用生长速率法及盆栽试验测定其除草活性,利用色谱方法从该菌乙酸乙酯粗提物中分离出活性物质,并采用质谱和核磁共振谱对活性物质结构进行鉴定。结果表明DN02为新月旋孢腔菌Cochliobolus lunatus;其乙酸乙酯粗提物对稗草和反枝苋具有较强的抑制活性,对幼根抑制活性的IC₅₀分别为22.9 μg/mL和136.7 μg/mL;当喷施发酵液原液时,稗草受害率、平均株高、平均鲜重分别为66.7%、5.2 cm、13.8 mg,其效果与阳性对照2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸相当;并于乙酸乙酯粗提物中分离得到一个单体活性物质根匍柄菌素（radicinin）。     

马尾松嫩茎愈伤组织保持、增殖与不定芽分化培养

笔者以马尾松嫩茎诱导产生的愈伤组织为材料,针对愈伤组织保持、增殖和分化中容易出现褐化死亡的现象,探讨培养基中改变肌醇浓度引起的渗透压变化,调节激素配比和改变培养环境对愈伤组织保持、增殖和丛芽分化的影响。结果表明：（1）改良GD培养基,添加肌醇3.0 g/L,能有效地解决在愈伤组织增殖培养中的褐化问题;（2）在DCR培养基中添加KT 1.0~2.0 mg/L和NAA 0.5 mg/L能逐渐把增殖培养的马尾松愈伤组织从暗培养过渡到光培养,并保持增殖;（3）DCR培养基中添加KT 1.0 mg/L和TDZ 0.5 mg/L可以促进愈伤组织向丛生芽分化,并获得4个丛生芽。本研究结果为马尾松优良基因型快繁中愈伤组织保持、增殖和分化培养提供了研究基础。     

PKS-NRPS数据库的研究进展

非核糖体多肽合成酶(NRPS)和聚酮合成酶(PKS)是调控次级代谢物聚酮类物质和非核糖体多肽合成的关键酶。随着生物息学的快速发展,国外的NRPS-PKS数据库和预测软件不断推出。本文对几个重要NRPS和PKS领域的数据库与预测软件的研究做一综述     

生防菌株SF-1对玉米安全性的测定

通过研究SF-1发酵液时玉米品种F4019种子出苗率和幼苗生长的影响,测定了SF-1发酵液对玉米的安全性,结果表明:SF-1菌株发酵液不仅对玉米植株的生长无毒害作用,同时能够促进种子的萌发、对胚芽与胚根的生长发育也有一定的促进作用,并且有利于玉米植株地下部分的生长.     

新沼气池启动常见故障及对策

新建沼气池不产气或产气点不着火故障原因可以概括为两大类:一是新池料液酸化;二是正常启动后沼气细菌接触到有毒物质,造成沼气池停止产气。上述故障的有以下几种解决办法。一、正确启动新建成的沼气池1.加入足够量的接种物。在新池装料前或投料后要收集老沼气池里的沼     

稻秆降解复合菌系的筛选及其生长特性的研究

以稻秆为碳源从富含纤维素的土壤中筛选出一组中温稻秆降解复合系,命名为LZF-12.电子显微镜和光学显微镜的观察结果表明,复合茵系LZF-12的茵群构成复杂,微生物形态各异,结合其生长曲线和溶解氧变化趋势分析,降解木质纤维素的LZF-12的优势茵群为兼性厌氧茵.复合系对环境pH的变化具有较强的缓冲调节能力,在不同初始pH...     

Effects of Fermented Green Juice and Cellulase on the Fermentation Quality of Rice Straw Silage and Rice Straw with Sugarcane Tip Mixed Silage

Rice straw and sugarcane tip were used as the silage materials in this research,and there were two groups:Rice straw silage and mixed silage of rice straw and sugarcane tip with the mixed ratio 6:4(m/m).Four treatment groups were set up in each silage:Control group (CON) and three treatment groups which added 2 mL/kg fermented green juice (FGJ),3 mL/kg cellulase (CEL) and 2 mL/kg FGJ+3 mL/kg CEL (MIX),and treatment was repeated 3 times. The materials were ensiled at room temperature for 60 days,and the fermentation quality and chemical compositions were tested. The result showed that for the two kinds of raw silage materials,the contents of WSC and CP in rice straw were lower than those in sugarcane tip,while the contents of NDF and ADF in rice straw were higher than those of sugarcane tip.Compared with the CON group,the NDF,ADF,pH and NH₃-N in FGJ group were extremely significantly decreased when rice straw was silaged alone (P<0.01),while WSC was extremely significantly increased (P<0.01),and DMR was increased. The NDF,ADF,pH,GLR and NH₃-N in MIX group were extremely significantly decreased (P<0.01),while lactic acid,WSC and DMR were increased. In CEL group, the ADF was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and other indicators also had improved in different degrees. Compared with rice straw silage,the NDF,HC,pH and NH₃-N of mixed silage were lower,while DMR and WSC were obviously increased. In conclusion,the fermented green juice and it compound with cellulase had the similar effects on improving the fermentation quality,and the effects were both better than that of cellulase. The fermentation quality of rice straw with sugarcane tip mixed silage was better than rice straw silage.