添加食用菌发酵液的全麦面包的研究进展

食用菌属药食同源类,具有丰富的营养物质和保健功能.全麦粉包有胚乳、胚芽与麸皮,含有丰富膳食纤维和多种微量元素.食用菌以发酵液形式参与全麦面包的加工,生产出一种新型、营养、风味独特、口感新鲜,具有一定保健功效的食用菌全麦面包.通过对食用菌、食用菌发酵液及全麦面包的研究进展进行综述,以期为食用菌发酵液全麦面包的深入研究与开...     

PKS-NRPS数据库的研究进展

非核糖体多肽合成酶(NRPS)和聚酮合成酶(PKS)是调控次级代谢物聚酮类物质和非核糖体多肽合成的关键酶。随着生物息学的快速发展,国外的NRPS-PKS数据库和预测软件不断推出。本文对几个重要NRPS和PKS领域的数据库与预测软件的研究做一综述     

氯化钠和葡萄糖对黑麦草绿汁发酵液发酵品质的影响

<正>绿汁发酵液(Fermented Green Juice,FGJ)是目前倍受关注的一种新型青贮添加剂,它具有取材方便、制作简单、成本低廉、安全环保等特点[1]。许多研究已确认,FGJ可以使附着在牧草表面的乳酸菌     

绿汁发酵液的研究进展

青贮饲料受风吹、日晒、雨淋等气候因素的影响较小,在青贮过程中,可以消灭病虫害和减轻潜在的杂草危害;青贮饲料在扩大饲料来源,缓解青饲、放牧与饲草生长季节的矛盾,提高饲草利用率,均衡青饲料供应,满足反刍动物冬春季营养需要等方面都起着重要的作用。J.M.Calberry等通过以青贮苜蓿替代泌乳奶牛日粮中的苜蓿干草的研究表明,     

Effects of Fermented Green Juice and Cellulase on the Fermentation Quality of Rice Straw Silage and Rice Straw with Sugarcane Tip Mixed Silage

Rice straw and sugarcane tip were used as the silage materials in this research,and there were two groups:Rice straw silage and mixed silage of rice straw and sugarcane tip with the mixed ratio 6:4(m/m).Four treatment groups were set up in each silage:Control group (CON) and three treatment groups which added 2 mL/kg fermented green juice (FGJ),3 mL/kg cellulase (CEL) and 2 mL/kg FGJ+3 mL/kg CEL (MIX),and treatment was repeated 3 times. The materials were ensiled at room temperature for 60 days,and the fermentation quality and chemical compositions were tested. The result showed that for the two kinds of raw silage materials,the contents of WSC and CP in rice straw were lower than those in sugarcane tip,while the contents of NDF and ADF in rice straw were higher than those of sugarcane tip.Compared with the CON group,the NDF,ADF,pH and NH₃-N in FGJ group were extremely significantly decreased when rice straw was silaged alone (P<0.01),while WSC was extremely significantly increased (P<0.01),and DMR was increased. The NDF,ADF,pH,GLR and NH₃-N in MIX group were extremely significantly decreased (P<0.01),while lactic acid,WSC and DMR were increased. In CEL group, the ADF was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and other indicators also had improved in different degrees. Compared with rice straw silage,the NDF,HC,pH and NH₃-N of mixed silage were lower,while DMR and WSC were obviously increased. In conclusion,the fermented green juice and it compound with cellulase had the similar effects on improving the fermentation quality,and the effects were both better than that of cellulase. The fermentation quality of rice straw with sugarcane tip mixed silage was better than rice straw silage.     

绿汁发酵液对柱花草青贮营养成分及品质的影响

试验旨在研究绿汁发酵液(previously fermented juice,PFJ)对柱花草青贮营养成分及品质的影响。以热研2号柱花草为原料进行青贮试验,设对照组(直接青贮)和试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ及Ⅴ组,各试验组PFJ添加比例为1%、2%、3%、4%和5%,30 d后测定柱花草青贮饲料主要营养成分含量及发酵品质。结果显示,与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组粗蛋白质(CP)含量显著提高(P < 0.05),Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量均有不同程度的降低,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组柱花草青贮的饲料相对值(RFV)显著提高(P < 0.05)。添加PFJ试验组与对照组相比显著降低了青贮饲料的pH (P < 0.05),乙酸和丙酸含量均有不同程度的降低,乳酸含量显著提高(P < 0.05)。柱花草直接青贮品质较差,添加PFJ提高了饲料青贮质量评分等级。综上所述,添加PFJ可提高营养价值,明显改善柱花草青贮品质,PFJ添加量为4%时青贮效果最好。     

壳聚糖对大豆蛋白发酵液的絮凝研究

对用壳聚糖絮凝大豆蛋白发酵液进行研究,讨论pH值、絮凝剂浓度、温度和搅拌时间对絮凝效果的影响,结果是壳聚糖用量200 mg/L、pH值为4、搅拌12 min、温度30℃时效果最好.     

木霉D5菌株的鉴定及其杀线活性测定

通过形态学和分子生物学方法鉴定了1株杀线木霉D5菌株的种类,并评价了其孢子悬浮液和发酵液对禾谷孢囊线虫Heterodera avenae 2龄幼虫的毒杀活性。结果表明,木霉D5菌株为绿色木霉Trichoderma viride(ITS序列登录号：OL661629;TEF序列登录号：ON241311)。浓度为1.0×10⁷ cfu/mL的D5菌株孢子悬浮液和发酵液原液处理2龄幼虫72 h后,线虫死亡率分别为85.20%和86.57%。在温度为20～80℃范围内以及pH为2～10时,发酵液均具有较高杀线活性。     

木糖醇发酵液脱色条件的研究

采用颗粒状活性炭对两种木糖醇发酵液进行脱色,就活性炭用量、起始pH值、脱色时间、搅拌速度和温度对脱色效果的影响进行了研究。确定了来自半纤维素水解液的木糖醇发酵液H(FBH)以及来自纯木糖合成培养基的木糖醇发酵液X(FBX)的最佳脱色条件为：在50℃、起始pH值6．0、搅拌速度125r／min的条件下脱色20min,两种发酵液的活性炭用量分别为250和150g／L。如果先将FBH的pH值调节至3．0,抽滤除去因调节pH值而产生的色素沉淀后,回调pH值至6．0．再进行活性炭脱色,则可以节约活性炭用量约50g／L,同时提高木糖醇回收率约6％。该结果将有助于建立一套完整高效的发酵法生产木糖醇的工艺。     

地生枝顶孢液体培养物不同溶剂提取物清除DPPH自由基活性的研究

用二苯代苦味肼自由基(DPPH)-TLC法和酶标仪法对地生枝顶孢发酵菌丝体和发酵液不同溶剂提取物清除自由基活性进行了分析,发现茵丝体和发酵液的各种溶剂提取物均具有清除自由基的活性,但不同溶剂提取物对DPPH自由基的清除活性有差别,其中以75%乙醇提取物效果最佳,茵丝体和发酵液75%乙醇提取物在浓度为5.0 mg·mL-1,于37℃保温10 min时,对0.2 mg·mL-1的DPPH自由基的清除率分别达到63.75%和91.23%.