浅谈农业科研项目信息化管理的必要性及存在问题

随着我国农业科研项目立项、推广的进程加快,提升农业科研单位科研项目信息化管理水平 迫在眉睫。因为管理水平低的状况会直接影响科研项目的信息化进程。本文以“农业科研项目信息 化管理”体系为核心,提出相应的信息化管理对策,以期提升农业科研项目信息化的管理水平。     

Soluble Klotho protein suppresses THP-1-derived foam cell formation

AIMTo investigate the role of soluble Klotho protein in THP-1-derived foam cell formation. METHODSTHP-1 monocytes were induced into macrophages by treatment with 160 nmol/L phorbol myristate acetate for 48 h, and then were divided into 6 groups: negative control group (THP-1-derived macrophages), positive control group [THP-1-derived foam cells induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) for 48 h], and 25, 50, 100 and 200 μg/L soluble Klotho protein groups (THP-1-derived macrophages pretreated with soluble Klotho protein at the indicat?ed concentraions for 2 h and then induced by ox-LDL for 48 h). Lipid droplets in cytoplasm were observed by oil red O staining. The cholesterol outflow rate was detected by scintillation counting technique. The content of intracellular total cholesterol, free cholesterol and cholesterol ester was detected by enzyme fluorescence analysis. The expression of acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase 1 （ACAT1） and ATP-binding cassette transport?er A1 (ABCA1) at mRNA and protein levels was determined by RT-qPCR and Western blot, respectively. RESULTSOil red O staining and lipid mass quantification showed that THP-1-derived foam cell formation was dose-dependently suppressed by soluble Klotho protein. The cholesterol efflux rate of THP-1-derived foam cells was increased by soluble Klotho protein in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). In addition, soluble Klotho protein decreased the expression of ACAT1 and increased the expression of ABCA1 in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The soluble Klotho protein inhibits THP-1-derived foam cell formation in a dose-dependent manner by down-regulating the expression of ACAT1 and up-regulating the expression of ABCA1.     

利用凝胶扩散法测定刺萼龙葵种子中β-甘露聚糖酶的活性

β-甘露聚糖酶是种子萌发过程中降解胚乳细胞壁的关键酶,明确其活性的动态变化可为揭示杂草种子的休眠萌发机制提供重要依据。以外来杂草刺萼龙葵Solanum rostratum Dunal种子为材料,建立了种子中β-甘露聚糖酶活性的检测方法—凝胶扩散法。利用凝胶扩散法对不同贮存时间及贮存条件下刺萼龙葵种子中β-甘露聚糖酶的活性进行了检测,发现贮存3年以上的种子中该酶的活性为0.03 nmol/(min·mg),显著低于贮存3年以下的种子中的酶活性0.15 nmol/(min·mg),而湿润冷藏的种子中β-甘露聚糖酶的活性为0.12 nmol/(min·mg),显著高于干燥冷藏的种子的酶活性0.02 nmol/(min·mg)。实际应用结果表明,凝胶扩散法综合了传统方法的优势,检测特异性强、灵敏度高、重复性好,可同时检测大量种子样品,具有良好的实用性。     

Uterine Expression of WNT7A and β-catenin After Induction of Oestrus in Sheep

WNT7A and β-catenin localisations and roles in regulating periimplantation ovine conceptus development under natural estrous conditions have been elaborated.However,their locations and expression patterns have not been reported under induction of oestrus.The localisation,expression and function of WNT7A and β-catenin in the uterine tissues of the early pregnant and non-pregnant sheep on days 10,12,14,16 and 18 following artificial induction of oestrus were investigated by means of in situ hybridisation,real-time RT-PCR,immuno-histochemistry and western blotting methods.WNT7A and β-catenin mRNA and protein were both restricted to the apical surfaces of the uterine luminal epithelium (LE) and glandular epithelium (GE).In pregnant sheep,protein localisation of WNT7A and β-catenin was observed both in the endometrial LE and GE.Their staining presented on day 10,increased between day 12 and day 16,and decreased on day 18.WNT7A and β-catenin mRNA and protein expression increased initially and then decreased from day 10 to day 18,peaking on day 16,and β-catenin reaching a peak on day 18 in the uterine tissues of pregnant sheep (p0.05).By contrast,no significant changes in WNT7A and β-catenin mRNA and protein expression levels were observed from day 10 to day 18 of the oestrus cycle in the uterine tissues of non-pregnant sheep (p0.05).Additionally,WNT7A and β-catenin mRNA and protein expression levels in the uterine tissues of the early pregnant sheep were significantly higher than those of non-pregnant sheep (p0.05).Treatment of endometrial epithelial cells with WNT7A increased the mRNA expressions of β-catenin,c-myc and Cyclin D1.These results provided an underlying mechanism of periimplantation ovine conceptus development under induction of oestrus.     

不同剂量伊曲康唑制剂对犬血常规及肝肾功能的影响

旨在评价不同剂量伊曲康唑-环糊精制剂通过皮下注射途径对健康比格犬肝肾功能及血常规的影响.选用体重±10 kg的健康纯种比格犬32只,按试验要求随机分为4组,每组8只,建立稳定的生活制度.分别按照0.25 mg/kg、0.75 mg/kg和1.25 mg/kg剂量,皮下注射伊曲康唑制剂,3日1次,连续7次,对照组注射生理...     

磺酸基官能化介孔材料MSU的合成及其酸性研究

为解决涉及一些较大分子的反应之固体酸催化问题,以价格便宜的硅酸钠为主要原料合成了磺酸基官能化介孔材料MSU,并采用固体核磁共振(SSNMR)等技术研究了所合成材料(MSU-SO3H)的结构和酸性.结果表明,合成的磺酸基官能化的MSU具有规整的介孔结构,其总体酸性略弱于微孔分子筛HZSM-5.     

IL-1β在鱼类皮肤免疫应答中的作用机制

正白细胞介素1(interleukin 1,IL-1)是一种重要的促炎性细胞因子,是体内调节免疫和炎症反应的中心介质,在哺乳动物中已发现11种IL-1家族成员,包括IL-1α、IL-1β、IL-1ra、IL-18、IL-1F5和IL-33等[1],目前在鱼类中只发现了IL-1β和IL-18。研究表明,IL-1β在鱼类皮肤免疫应答中起重要作     

Einfluss selektiver mechanischer Fruchtbehangsregulierung auf Ethylensynthese als Stressindikator sowie Ertrag und Fruchtqualität bei Kernobst

The overall objective of this work was to improve fruit quality, break alternate bearing and reduce hand thinning using fewer chemicals in fruit crops. A device was constructed for mechanical thinning, which consisted of three independent horizontal rotors with ropes and freely adjustable angles on a frame, mounted on a front three point hitch and powered by the tractor hydraulics. This can be adapted to any fruit tree trained as spindle, Solaxe, (tall) vertical axis or fruit wall (le mur fruitier) irrespective of rootstock employed. Rotor speed varied from 300 to 460?rpm at either 5 or 7.5?km/h tractor speed. Eight-year-old or twelve-old apple trees cvs. ‘Gala’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ were mechanically thinned in 2007 between pink bud and full bloom (flower bud stages 6–8 or F1–F2) near Bonn, Germany; non-thinned and hand-thinned apple trees of the same block and variety served as control. Mechanically thinned flowering branches showed a similar amount of ethylene efflux (0.4–0.6?ppm C₂H₄/branch) as non-thinned flower branches, preventing potentially unexpected subsequent fruit drop, except for those removed by the rotors. The impact of the horizontal rotors on the branches was from the upper side and removed excessive flowers right to the tree trunk viz. the centre of the tree canopy, where fruits of lesser quality are expected leaving 2–3 flowers per cluster. Leaf damage was less than??10%, even at the fast rotor speed of 420?rpm, which was associated with negligible wood injury. Mechanical thinning induced firmer and sweeter fruit, i.e. tastier apples with longer shelf life, relative to control fruit from non-thinned apple trees. The greatest efficacy in terms of final fruit quality in the grading/sorting was achieved by a rotor speed of 360?rpm at a tractor speed of 5?km/h: Fruit mass increased by up to 20?g and the proportion of fruit larger than 70–75?mm by 10–30% compared with the fruit from non-thinned trees. Mechanical thinning with this newly constructed device led to a 10–20% reduction in yield, but increased returns due to better fruit size and colouration in apple with the potential to overcome alternate bearing.     

气候变暖对新疆核桃种植气候适宜性的影响

基于新疆102个气象台站1961-2015年逐日平均气温、最低气温、最高气温资料,采用线性趋势分析、累积距平、t检验以及ArcGIS的空间插值技术,对影响新疆核桃种植的关键气候因子（≥10℃积温、最低气温≤-25℃日数、最高气温≥40℃日数、终霜冻日早于≥10℃初日天数）的时空变化特征进行分析的基础上,结合核桃种植气候适宜性区划指标,研究了气候变化对新疆核桃种植气候适宜性及其分布的影响。结果表明：新疆≥10℃积温的空间分布总体呈现“南疆多,北疆少;平原和盆地多,山区少”的格局,最低气温≤-25℃日数有“南疆少,北疆多;平原和盆地少,山区多”的特点,夏季最高气温≥40℃日数为“东部多,西部少;平原和盆地多,山区少”的特点;终霜冻日早于≥10℃初日的天数呈现“西部多,东部少;山区多,平原和盆地少”的格局。在上述气候要素空间分异的综合作用下,新疆核桃种植的气候适宜区主要在塔里木盆地西部平原;次适宜区在塔里木盆地大部和吐哈盆地南部;北疆大部,阿尔泰山、天山和昆仑山区以及吐哈盆地、塔里木盆地东部为核桃不适宜种植区。在气候变暖背景下,近55a新疆≥10℃积温、最高气温≥40℃日数和终霜冻日早于≥10℃初日的天数分别以64.7℃·d·10a-1、0.48d·10a-1、0.120d·10a-1的倾向率呈显著（P＜0.05）增多趋势,冬季日最低气温≤-25℃日数以-0.980d·10a-1的倾向率呈极显著（P＜0.001）减少趋势。上述各要素分别于1986年和1997年发生了突变,受其影响,1997年后较其之前,新疆核桃种植的气候适宜区和次适宜区明显扩大,而不适宜区明显减小,气候变暖对新疆核桃种植总体趋于有利。