新疆地区啤酒花害的发螨生特点及其防治

对新疆地区啤酒花上的土耳其斯坦叶螨 Tetranychus turkestani Ugarov et Nik-lski 的生物学、发生特点及防治对策进行了初步探讨。该螨寄丰广,为害啤酒花叶片和球果。在啤酒花的毛蕊期和球果生长期有2个发生高峰。本文以啤酒花越冬期,营养生长期、生殖生长期害螨和天敌发生特点,提出了不同的防治方法和技术关键。     

Resistance to bifenthrin and resistance mechanisms of different strains of the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) from Turkey

Nine different strains of the two-spotted spider miteTetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) were collected on cotton from Adana, Antalya, Izmir, Manisa and Urfa in Turkey. Their responses to bifenthrin were investigated using conventional bioassay and biochemical assays. LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ values of bifenthrin were determined for all strains by using a residual bioassay with a petri dish-spray tower. Resistance ratios were determined by comparing the samples with a standard susceptible strain, GSS. The resistance ratios of the strains ranged from <1 to 669-fold (at LC₅₀). Of the investigated field strains, only three (two from Adana and one from Urfa) were resistant to bifenthrin. There was a correlation between esterase enzyme activity and bifenthrin resistance according to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and microtiter plate assays in the three resistant strains. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting May 17, 2005.     

我国12个地区草莓叶螨种类分子鉴定及遗传多样性

为明确草莓上的叶螨种类及其遗传多样性,以便准确有效地指导草莓叶螨防治。本研究选取我国12个代表性的地区,采集草莓上的叶螨。采样范围覆盖了我国华北、华中、华东和西南的草莓产区。扩增和测定线粒体cox1基因部分序列,将所获得的序列通过BLAST与GenBank数据库中的序列进行比对,确定叶螨种类,并对cox1基因序列的多样性进行分析。测序获得了长度为632bp的cox1基因片段。BLAST比对结果和系统发育分析表明,来自我国12个地区的91个样品均为二斑叶螨Tetranychus urticae。遗传多样性分析发现我国草莓上二斑叶螨的cox1基因有2种单倍型,其中11个地区仅存在1种单倍型,北京昌平检测到2种单倍型。两种单倍型之间有1个核苷酸的同义突变。本研究表明,二斑叶螨为这些地区草莓上唯一的叶螨种类,种群内遗传多样性非常低。研究结果对于制定草莓上叶螨的防治策略具有指导意义。     

虎纹捕鸟蛛毒素提取的研究

为探索提取广西产虎纹捕鸟蛛(Selenocosmia huwena)毒素的新方法,选取雌性虎纹捕鸟蛛225只,根据提取方法(直接咬软管法、直接咬瓶法、激怒咬渐法激怒咬瓶冲洗法)分为4组,结果表明,采用直接咬软管法提取虎纹捕鸟蛛毒素,平均每只蜘蛛可以获得冻干毒素2.28 mg,与采用直接咬瓶法所获得的2.19 mg没有显著差异(P>0.05)。采用激怒咬瓶冲洗法提取虎纹捕鸟蛛毒素,平均每只蜘蛛可以获得冻干毒素重量明显高于激怒咬瓶法[(3.41±0.40)mg,(2.99±0.35)mg,P<0.05],亦明显高于直接咬软管法和直接咬瓶法。该试验结果表明,激怒咬瓶冲洗法是一种提取虎纹捕鸟蛛毒素的有效方法。     

便携式柑橘虫害实时检测系统的研制与试验

为实现柑橘虫害的快速、准确识别,帮助果农及时掌握果园内虫害的危害程度和分布情况,该研究结合嵌入式图像处理技术设计了一套基于深度卷积神经网络的柑橘虫害实时检测系统。优选MoblieNet作为虫害图像特征提取网络,区域候选网络生成害虫的初步位置候选框,快速区域卷积神经网络（Faster Region Convolutional Neural Networks,Faster R-CNN）实现候选框的分类和定位。检测系统根据目标图像中虫害数量计算危害程度,按照正常、轻度、中度、重度4个等级判定柑橘虫害的严重程度,形成虫害识别与级别定量化测评软件。最后引入北斗模块获取采样点位置信息,进一步处理成可视化的虫害热力图。结果表明,该方法可实现对柑橘红蜘蛛和蚜虫的快速准确检测,识别准确率分别达到91.0%和89.0%,单帧图像平均处理速度低至286 ms。该系统实现了柑橘虫害的精准识别与定位,可为农药喷洒作业提供精准信息服务。     

臭氧水防治草莓二斑叶螨的效果评价

臭氧水具有强氧化性,能有效杀灭环境中的病菌和害虫。本研究采用草莓上的二斑叶螨体表观察和田间防效试验评价了臭氧水对二斑叶螨的防治效果。试验结果显示,4.0-4.5 mg·L-1和1.0-1.5 mg·L-1的臭氧水均能够显著降低二斑叶螨的虫口密度,防效高达95.46%和91.28%,且显著提升二斑叶螨的死亡率,但臭氧水浓度过高会抑制草莓植株的生长,破坏草莓的叶片。通过对二斑叶螨体表的观察发现,利用臭氧水的强氧化性,有效破坏了二斑叶螨的体表组织,因此在二斑叶螨发生期连续使用臭氧水可以有效控制螨的为害。本研究综合防效和安全性评价表明,1.0-1.5 mg·L-1的臭氧水对二斑叶螨具有良好的防效,对草莓和授粉的蜜蜂也具有安全性,为二斑叶螨的防治提供了一种理想的方式,具有较高推广价值。     

滑县花生新黑地蛛蚧的发生与防治技术

花生新黑地蛛蚧是近年来滑县花生田新发现的一种地下害虫,对花生造成危害,影响花生的 品质和产量。本文主要介绍新黑地蛛蚧的形态特征、发生规律、生活习性、为害症状及防治措施。     

First results of embryonic development,spawning and larval rearing of the Mediterranean spider crab Maja squinado (Herbst ) under laboratory conditions,a candidate species for a restocking program

The Mediterranean spider crab, Maja squinado, is depleted due to overfishing. The crab has virtually disappeared from areas where it was abundant, such as the Balearic Islands and the Catalan coast. Maja squinado, is economically and ecologically very valuable, and it is essential to obtain information on its biology and rearing conditions to attempt to repopulate the damaged stocks of the species in the Mediterranean basin. Herein, we describe the first successful rearing of M. squinado under laboratory conditions. Our results show that M. squinado is an excellent candidate for restocking using cultured juveniles. Two consecutive broods with a 1–4 day interbrood period were observed in the laboratory in wild‐caught females, the maximum observed duration of embryonic development of the egg mass being 32 days at 18.4 ± 0.9°C, and went through four different stages. The complete larval and first juvenile development was studied in laboratory cultures fed enriched Artemia metanauplius. At 19.6 ± 0.6°C, development from hatching to first crab moult took 17 days, and it comprised two zoeae stages and one megalopa stage. The survival rate at the different stages was monitored, and 7.13 ± 2.3% was achieved at the first crab instar.     

薰衣草叶螨药剂防治筛选试验

为害新疆伊犁薰衣草的主要是土耳其斯坦叶螨(Tetranychus turkestani),通过(240克/升)螺螨酯(4000倍液)、3.2%阿维菌素乳油(3000倍液)、16%四螨.哒螨灵可湿性粉剂(1600倍液)、73%炔螨特乳油(2500倍液)、0.6％苦参碱水剂(1000倍液)5种药剂防治试验,药后1天、3天,3.2%阿维菌素防效最高,达到80.02%和90.30%;药后7天,螺螨酯防效最高,为91.85%;药后15天,螺螨酯防效较好,为95.23%。螺螨酯、阿维菌素、四螨.哒螨灵、炔螨特在0.05显著水平和0.01极显著水平均无显著差异,且最高防治效果均大于85%,建议交替使用。