大豆田苣荬菜综合防除技术研究

提出了大豆田恶性杂草—苣荬菜的综合防除技术体系：１）降低大豆在整个轮作体系中的比例，将苣荬菜消灭于禾谷类作物四；２）深翻抑制芽根的萌发；３）大豆前茬作物收获后秋季茎叶处理２．４－Ｄ丁酯，最佳用药量为０．８１～１．３５ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，最佳施药时期为１０月５～１０日；４）作为挽救措施可在大豆播后苗前施２．４—Ｄ丁酯，用药量为０．７２ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，并可与乙草胺、赛克津等常规大豆田除草剂混用．     

宿根花卉的特点及其在园林中的配置

根据宿根花卉种类繁多、色彩丰富、生长稳定、抗逆性强的特点,其在园林中的配置,宜于建花坛、花境,也可群植,与背景树相结合,还可作地被植物代替草坪,也可建单类花卉园.     

SSR-based genetic linkage analysis of resistance to crown rust (Puccinia coronata f. sp. lolii) in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne)

Crown rust (caused by Puccinia coronata f. sp. lolii) is a serious foliar disease of the pasture and turfgrass perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). Previous genetic studies have detected both qualitative and quantitative resistance mechanisms, and interpretation of the genetic system is complicated by variation within the sexually reproducing pathogen. Resistant and susceptible parental genotypes of ryegrass were identified using a composite urediniospore population collected from three geographically distinct locations. A two-way pseudo-testcross mapping population was obtained as the F₁ progeny of the pair-cross between ryegrass parental genotypes Vedette₆ and Victorian₉. Both parents showed intermediate resistance against a pathogen population collected in a single geographical zone (Hamilton, Victoria), but in the F₁ population, significant variation for a range of resistance-associated characters was detected. Statistical analysis of phenotypic data suggested a major gene effect, hence bulked segregant analysis with map-assigned simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers was used to scan the genome. A marker showing strong association with resistance was assigned to linkage group (LG) 2 of perennial ryegrass. Analysis of 11 LG2 SSR markers defined an interval between loci xlpssrh03f03 and xlpssrk02e02 as containing the gene or genes (LpPc1) conferring crown rust resistance. Resistance gene determinants were inherited from both parents, with up to 80% of the total phenotypic variation explained by markers segregating from Vedette₆ and up to 26% of the variation explained by markers segregating from Victorian₉. The two contributions together resulted in an additive increase in effect, with fully resistant individuals requiring determinants from both parents. A conserved syntenic relationship was observed with linkage group B of Avena strigosa, which is the location of a cluster of resistance genes to the oat form of crown rust. The implications of this study for marker-assisted selection of disease resistance in perennial ryegrass are discussed.     

夏季狗牙根草坪不同建植方法及秋季交播黑麦草对成坪效果的影响

以狗牙根Cynodon dactylon种子和营养体为材料，在武汉地区，对5种不同建植方法建成的草坪从盖度变化、成坪时间、均一性、建植成本及秋季交播多年生黑麦草Lolium perenne后翌年狗牙根的草坪质量等方面进行综合比较。结果表明：采用夏季建植狗牙根草坪并于秋季交播多年生黑麦草的方法来建植四季常绿草坪，狗牙根采用撒茎覆沙法效果最佳，其他方法依次为开沟埋茎法、闻铺草皮法、穴植草茎法；种子直播法在翌年需重新建坪。     

贵州省花卉产业发展现状及对策

花卉是21世纪的朝阳产业,我国花卉种植面积已居世界第一,而贵州花卉处于起步阶段,许多花卉仍需从外地进货,这对于经济条件并不富裕,而地理环境条件都有利于花卉种植的贵州极为不利。通过对贵州花卉产业发展现状、发展优势的深入分析,探索相应的发展对策,以期对贵州花卉产业的健康发展提供参考。     

冀北山地野生花卉引种栽培研究初报

通过冀北山地野生花卉的引种栽培,筛选繁育出适合衡水地区城市园林绿化的5种野生花卉。介绍了每个物种的生物学特征、园林价值、栽培特性及养护管理。     

漫谈苏州园林的植物造"境"

苏州园林的特点在于将人与自然的的高度和谐作为最高追求。造园者在繁华热闹的城市里凿石堆山,栽花植树,以写意手法再现大自然的精华。"虽为人作,宛如天成",处处洋溢着诗情画意。而真实的自然——"植物造景"在营造苏州园林自然意境方面有着得天独厚的优势。     

生长调节剂对芍药切花瓶插期渗透调节物质的影响

以芍药‘春晓’(Paeonialactiflora‘Chunxiao’)的切花为试材,采用室内瓶插的方法,在基本瓶插液(3%蔗糖+200 mg/L 8-羟基喹啉+150 mg/L柠檬酸)中分别添加不同浓度的PP333、B9、CCC,通过对渗透调节物质含量的测定,探讨了PP333、B9、CCC对芍药切花采后瓶插水分平衡的影响。结果表明:适宜浓度的PP333、B9、CCC可有效提高切花的可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖的含量;改善切花的水分平衡值,降低脯氨酸含量,减少水分胁迫对切花造成的伤害;从而延缓衰老,延长瓶插寿命。200 mg/L PP333处理的效果最佳,瓶插寿命比对照延长3 d。     

木荷鲜花香气化学成分研究初报

以固相微萃取吸附采集木荷鲜花的香气成分,用GC／MS总离子流色谱峰的峰面积归一化法对木荷鲜花的挥发性成分进行了分析。鉴定结果表明,木荷鲜花能挥发出多种有益于人体健康的芳香气体物质,其香气成分包括：l-芳樟醇（16．83％）、桧烯（13．83％）、α-蒎烯（10．28％）、苯甲醇（8．78％）、3,7-二甲基-1,3,7-辛三烯（7．55％）、吉玛烯-D（5．23％）、2,6,6-三甲基环己-2-烯-1,4-二酮（4．84％）、反式-氧化芳樟醇（3．41％）、反式-石竹烯（3．14％）等48种化合物。结果为进一步研究及开发利用木荷林资源提供依据。     

杏不同品种花粉量及花粉萌发特性的研究

以17个鲜食杏品种、4个仁用杏品种和4个杏李杂交品种为试材,对单个花药花粉量、花粉萌发率、花粉管长度进行测定,并观察统计了这25个杏品种的完全花比例,为杏主栽品种选择适宜授粉树。结果表明:不同杏品种间单个花药花粉量、花粉萌发率、花粉管长度和完全花比率差异显著;不同果实类型(鲜食、仁用和杏李杂交)间花粉量和完全花比例差异显著,花粉萌发率和花粉管长度则没有果实类型间的显著差异。花粉量与花粉萌发率和完全花比率之间无显著相关性,而与花粉管长度显著相关(r=0.417,P0.05);花粉萌发率与花粉管长度极显著正相关(r=0.691,P0.01),与完全花比率负相关但不显著。聚类分析发现,花粉量较多且花粉管生长状况较好的杏品种有"串枝红"、"沙金红"、"金太阳"和"胡安娜",适宜作为授粉树;花粉粒较少和花粉管生长状况较弱的有"恐龙蛋"、"味帝"和"苏联4号",而它们的完全花比例都很高,需要配置授粉树。