如何建立成本分析模板服务一拖公司的产品结构调整

介绍一拖公司财务部在传统的成本分析理论基础上,建立了成本因素分析方法,为各单位产品成本管理和决策工作提供及时、快速的分析工具,并协助各单位找出影响利润的关键点,以改善盈利能力,提升产品竞争力;同时,建立完善了产品谱系盈利分析模板,引导一拖公司通过产品结构调整,提升集团公司的创利能力。     

GS豫麦21号的丰产,稳产性及产量结构分析

利用黄淮南片水地小麦良种区试和河南省区试、生产示范资料,对GS豫麦21号的丰产性、稳产性和产量结构进行分析。结呆在明：GS豫麦21号具有丰产稳产性好、适应性广、产量构成三要素协调等优良特性,在产量构成三要素中,千粒重对产量的直接作用最大,穗粒数次之,有效穗数的直接作用最小,因此在高产栽培上应在兼顾667m2成穗（40万上下）的基础上,主攻千粒重和穗粒数的增加。     

Tank-mix adjuvants and pesticide residues: some regulatory and quantitative aspects

Although it is well known that judicious use of adjuvants can increase the performance of foliage-applied sprays of many agrochemicals, little information is available in the public domain about their ultimate effects on pesticide residues in treated crops. In the present work, the influence of Agral (polyoxyethylene nonylphenols), Toil (methyl esters of rapeseed fatty acids) and Bond (styrene-butadiene copolymers) on surface and crop residues of diclofop-methyl/diclofop and propiconazole in wheat and field beans was investigated using a model system simulating field practice. Pesticides were applied as commercial formulations, diclofop-methyl 378 g litre(-1) EC (Hoegrass) and propiconazole 250 g litre(-1) EC (Tilt), at their maximum approved rates, 1135 g AI ha(-1) and 125 g AI ha(-1), respectively, both in the presence or absence of the maximum rate recommended for each candidate adjuvant. No detectable residues of diclofop-methyl or propiconazole were found in wheat 35 days after any of the four applications. However, residues of diclofop were present in this crop, and those from applications containing Agral (0.07 mg kg(-1) fresh weight (FW)) or Bond (0.08 mg kg(-1) FW) were significantly lower than those with no adjuvant (0.14 mg kg(-1) FW) or Toil (0.16 mg kg(-1) FW). Unlike wheat, residues of both diclofop and propiconazole were detected in field beans after harvest. Significantly higher residues of the former were recorded from the applications with Agral or Bond (ca 0.32 mg kg(-1) FW) than with those with no adjuvant or Toil (ca 0.15mg kg(-1) FW). All the propiconazole applications containing adjuvants showed a similar significant increase in residues (0.10-0.16 mg AI kg(-1) FW) over the no-adjuvant treatment (0.05 mg kg(-1) FW) in this crop. There appeared to be little agreement between the apparent amounts of uptake, as indicated by the rates of decline of surface residues up to 5 days after application, and final residues in either target species. On wheat, surface residues of diclofop-methyl decreased from initially ca 20 to as little as 0.02 mg kg(-1) FW using adjuvants; the corresponding values for propiconazole were ca 2 to ca 0.03 mg kg(-1) FW. Recoveries of diclofop-methyl from the surfaces of field beans were much higher than those from wheat, declining from ca 30 to only ca 6 mg kg(-1) FW during the course of 5 days; the corresponding residues for propiconazole were ca 2 mg to 0.15 mg kg(-1) FW. These findings are discussed in relation to uptake results obtained with radiolabelled pesticides and adjuvants in the laboratory, and to the mandatory requirements for pesticide residue data for the authorised use of adjuvants in the UK.     

饲料粗蛋白质含量测定中试样快速分解新法——H2O2-H2SO4-混合催化剂法

H2O2-H2SO4-混合催化剂法可使饲料试样在35 min内即可分解完全,极大提高了饲料粗蛋白质检测效率.该法操作简单、快速.     

Improving quality of composted biowaste to enhance disease suppressiveness of compost-amended, peat-based potting mixes

Biowaste can be converted into compost by composting or by a combination of anaerobic digestion and composting. Currently, waste management systems are primarily focused on the increase of the turnover rate of waste streams whereas optimisation of product quality receives less attention. This results in low quality composts that can only be sold on bulk markets at low prices. A new market for quality compost could be potting mixes for horticultural container-grown crops to partially replace non-renewable peat and increase the disease suppressiveness of potting mixes. We report here on the effect of wetsieving biowaste prior to composting on compost quality and on disease suppressiveness against the plant pathogen Pythium ultimum of peat mixes amended with this compost. The increased organic matter and decreased salt content of the compost allow for significantly higher substitution rates of peat by compost. In this study up to 60% v/v compost peat replacement did not affect cucumber growth. However, disease suppressiveness of the potting mixes strongly increased from 31 to 94% when the compost amendment rate was increased from 20 to 60%. It was shown that general disease suppression for P. ultimum can only be effective when the basal respiration rate is sufficiently high to support microbial activity. In addition, organic matter of the compost should reach a sufficient stability level to turn from disease conducive to disease suppressive. Increasing the compost addition from 20 to 60% did not significantly affect plant yield, yield variation were due to differences in nutrient levels. It can be concluded that compost from wetsieved biowaste has high potential to replace peat in growing media for the professional market.     

对砼组成材料——骨料的视比重概念及其对砼配合比影响的探讨

用“绝对体积法”进行砼的配合比设计是国内外主要方法之一,而材料的视比重是计算的关键.由于重量取值及计算体积取值状态组合有三,所以视比重值有三个,这一点在我国规范及书籍中定义不清,影响砼配合比设计,而且取值不当,增加了水泥的用量.本文作者通过对骨料及砼拌和物的大量试验与分析,提出了对视比重概念的见解和砼配合比设计的合理状态,对明确计算及节省水泥有其意义.     

Test Method of Indoor Noise for Micro-surfacing Mix

Micro-surfacing mix has been wildly used in the pavement maintenance for its water proofing, anti-skidding and wear resistance. However, micro-surfacing pavement has higher noise than the common asphalt pavement and its noise can not be measured effectively and accurately. Therefore, the indoor noise test method of micro-surfacing mix based on wet track abrasion test was explored. The micro-surfacing mix specimens were used to imitate the micro-surfacing pavement. The wet track abrasion tester was used to provide the vehicle loads. The sound level meter was used to measure the noise between tire and pavement. Furthermore, the indoor noise of nine kinds of micro-surfacing mixes with different gradation was examined. The results show that the equivalent sound level in the second time period has good relationship with the surface texture depth by sad patch method. Then the test method and test procedure for the indoor noise of micro-surfacing mix based on wet track abrasion test were given. Finally, two micro-surfacing mixtures with different gradations were made to validate the test method. The results show that the evaluation method can effectively distinguish the difference of micro-surfacing mixes with different gradation and can supplement the mix design method of micro-surfacing mixes.     

Sasobit温拌沥青混合料和易性研究

为客观评价沥青混合料和易性大小,采用沥青混合料和易性试验仪对Sasobit温拌沥青混合料的和易性进行评价。先采用沥青砂浆对沥青混合料和易性试验仪的可行性进行研究。然后在不同温度和不同频率下测定Sasobit温拌沥青混合料的和易性,并同热拌沥青混合料进行对比分析,试验结果表明Sasobit温拌沥青混合料在降低30℃拌和温度的情况下,具有同热拌沥青混合料一致的和易性。     

全混合日粮中添加牛至精油对泌乳期荷斯坦奶牛生产性能和蹄病发生率的影响

本研究旨在探讨向全混合日粮(TMR)中添加牛至精油对日粮温度、荷斯坦奶牛干物质采食量、产奶量和蹄病发生率的影响。选择72头健康荷斯坦奶牛,根据生产性能、泌乳天数和胎次相近原则进行配对试验设计分为试验组[产奶量(29.88±8.55)kg·d-1,TMR中添加牛至精油]和对照组[产奶量(29.15±7.07)kg·d-1,TMR中未添加牛至精油],每组36头牛。试验组奶牛按每天每头0.028 kg添加牛至精油。结果表明,在6月份17:00,7月份13:00、17:00,8月份13:00、17:00试验组TMR日粮温度升高幅度显著低于对照组(P0.05);5月份试验组奶牛干物质采食量显著高于对照组(P0.05),6、7、8月份极显著高于对照组(P0.01);6、7、8、9月份试验组产奶量极显著高于对照组(P0.01)。因此,牛至精油可降低TMR温度、改善适口性、提高新鲜度;同时还可增加奶牛干物质采食量及产奶量,尤其当奶牛处于北方夏季高温天气下,这一效果尤为显著。     

大山口水电站坝体混凝土配合比的试验研究

结合大山口水电站混凝重力拱坝的工程实际,选择合适的原材料,采用双掺技术,通过正交试验设计进行系统的试验研究,从而获得合理、经济的混凝土配合比。这些混凝土配合比的实施为保证该大坝工程质量起到了很好的作用。