塔里木河流域生态环境恶化的水文效应

塔里木河是我国最大的内陆河。 4条源流出山口多年平均天然径流量 2 2 4 .9× 10 8m3 (195 7～ 2 0 0 1年 )。在全球变暖的大背景下 ,塔里木河流域山区气候出现变暖增湿的趋势 ,2 0世纪 90年代径流量达 2 4 1.9× 10 8m3 ,增幅 7.6 %。由于源流区人类开发利用水资源的影响 ,使得补给塔里木河干流的水量不断减少 ,水文条件改变 ,造成干流上、中游段耗水严重 ,导致下游生态与环境急剧退化。自 2 0 0 0年以来 ,实施的从开都河—博斯腾湖向下游绿色走廊应急输水 ,已使下游生态环境开始恢复生机。     

黄河首曲流域草地生态与自然环境退化成因及对策研究

近50年来黄河首曲流域草场退化、沙化,水土流失,生物多样性减少,生态系统功能弱化.分析了黄河首曲流域气候、生态观测资料及统计资料,结果表明:造成生态与自然环境退化的主要原因是气候变化和环境蠕变.黄河首曲大部分区域降水量年际变化呈下降趋势,气温年际变化呈上升趋势,增温速度均大于全国增温速度.草地年干燥指数呈显著上升趋势,20世纪80年代末至2004年明显趋于干旱化,气候变化是草地生态退化的自然诱发因素.超载过牧、滥采乱挖、人为破坏、生物链失衡等环境蠕变是造成生态退化的人为因素.二者共同作用导致黄河首曲流域草地与湿地生态与自然环境退化.控制放牧、防止滥采乱挖、建立自然生态保护区是维护该区域生态系统平衡的措施.     

西双版纳阳春砂仁生产中面临的问题及对策

根据西双版纳阳春砂仁生产中品种退化、低产和与热带雨林生物多样化保护的矛盾等问题,提出了在最适宜区种植砂仁,进行规范化种植、集约化管理,统一加工、打造品牌,提高单产、减少种植面积的对策。     

湟源县草地资源基本特点及开发利用

湟源县草地面积有 85 1 85 .1 3hm2 ,占全县土地总面积的 5 6.45 % ,草地资源丰富 ,牧草种类较多 ,农业生产秸秆来源广泛 ,但由于利用不当 ,造成了草地严重破坏和秸秆的浪费 ,如何合理利用草地和秸秆资源 ,扼制草地退化 ,是促进该县畜牧业发展的重要因素     

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF HYDROPIC DEGENERATION OF THE LIVER IN DAIRY CATTLE THROUGH BIOCHEMISTRY, ULTRASONOGRAPHY AND DIGITAL ANALYSIS

Ultrasonography of the liver of 181 Holstein-Friesian cows was performed and blood samples were collected for analysis. The hepatic ultrasonograms were evaluated and the echoes were analyzed digitally. After slaughter, liver specimens were taken and examined histopathologically. Of the 181 animals, 120 had a normal liver and 61 had hydropic degeneration of the liver, diagnosed through histopathologic examination. Diagnostic accuracy rates for hydropic degeneration were determined based on the following test positive conditions: a) for biochemical analysis—high levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin and non-esterified fatty acids; b) for ultrasonography—presence of dark pattern and blurring of edges; and c) for digital analysis—low echo means at 1 cm and 3 cm from the hepatic surface. Digital analysis had the highest overall specificity, accuracy and positive predictive values for hydropic degeneration, followed by ultrasonography. The results suggest that ultrasonography and digital analysis of hepatic ultrasonograms can be used for diagnosis of hydropic degeneration of the liver in place of biochemical analysis.     

塔里木河上游与下游地区天然植被群落特征对比分析

塔里木河是我国干旱区最长的一条内陆河,同时塔里木河流域也是我国生态环境脆弱地区之一,该流域荒漠化程度日益加剧,具体表现为土地沙漠化、土壤盐渍化、草场退化、生物多样性减少等,这些都严重的制约了区域社会经济的可持续发展。本文根据对塔里木河的实际调查资料,分别计算了上、下游典型样地的物种多样性指数、丰富度和均匀度指数,对塔里木河上、下游地区的天然植被的群落特征进行了对比分析。结果表明:塔里木河流域内的植物区系组成贫乏,群落结构简单,随着上游至下游水量的减少,下游地区天然植被较上游地区普遍退化,植物种类及群落类型均少于上游地区,生态系统非常脆弱。     

甘蓝型油菜萝卜细胞质雄性不育系的研究

本文报道的甘蓝型油菜萝卜细胞质雄性不育花药发育的细胞学特征和某些生化特性是:①不育系的雄蕊发生不育的形式多样,多数雄蕊的结构完整,但不能形成正常的花粉;一部分短雄蕊的花药完全退化;有一些长雄蕊两个给合在一起,一部分药囊退化。②不育系的雌性较强,一部分不育植株花器官的雄蕊和雌蕊的子房外面生长有很多发育完全的子房外胚珠。③不育系花器官各部分的过氧化物酶同工酶谱与保持系都有差异。④组织化学分析表明,不育系的花粉在发生败育的过程中,其细胞色素氧化酶、多酚氧化酶和ATP酶的活性都比保持系的弱,而过氧化物酶的活性比保持系的强。不育系花药的部分药壁细胞的过氧化物酶和细胞色素氧化酶的活性比保持系的强,而多酚氧化酶和ATP酶的活性则相反。     

福建省葡萄病毒病的调查和研究

１９９０～１９９２年作者对福建省葡萄产区进行了抽样调查，发现该省约３１％的果园有葡萄扇叶病（ＧＦＬＶ）和葡萄卷叶病（ＧＬＲＶ）。在调查的１１３００株葡萄中（６０２亩），ＧＦＬＤ株发病率为１３．２７％，造成葡萄减产２７．２％；ＧＬＲＶ株发病率为７．３％，减产２１．５％。病株表现为不同程度的种性退化，生长赢弱、停滞，果实品质下降，果粒成熟不齐。     

Necrosis of hippocampus and piriform lobe in 38 domestic cats with seizures: a retrospective study on clinical and pathologic findings

The clinical records of 38 cats (1985-1995) with a neuropathologically confirmed diagnosis of necrosis of the hippocampus and occasionally the lobus piriformis were evaluated retrospectively. There was no sex or breed predisposition. Most cats were between 1 and 6 years of age (mean age 35 months) and had either generalized or complex-partial seizures of acute onset and rapid progression. The seizures had a tendency to become recurrent and to present as clusters or even status epilepticus later in the course of the disease. Fourteen cats died spontaneously, and 24 were euthanized. Histopathologic examination revealed bilateral lesions restricted to the hippocampus and occasionally the lobus piriformis. The lesions seemed to reflect different stages of the disease and consisted of acute neuronal degeneration to complete malacia, affecting mainly the layer of the large pyramidal cells but sometimes also the neurons of the dentate gyrus and the piriform lobe. The clinical, neuropathologic, and epidemiologic findings suggest that the seizures in these cats were triggered by primary structural brain damage, perhaps resulting from excitotoxicity. The cause remains unknown, but epidemiologic analysis suggests an environmental factor, probably a toxin.     

退化伊犁绢蒿荒漠草地土壤种子库水平分布格局研究

采用萌发法对伊犁绢蒿(Seriphidium transillense)荒漠草地中度退化、重度退化和极度退化三个不同阶段的土壤种子库进行调查研究.结果表明:三个阶段种子萌发的总量均集中在前15 d,萌发高峰期出现在第10 d,到50 d萌发结束;中度、重度和极度退化的土壤种子库内物种数变化不大,分别为13、11和11种,在数量上占优势的物种分别为伊犁绢蒿、叉毛蓬和角果藜、叉毛蓬;随着退化程度的加剧,草地植被逐渐演替为一年生植物,伊犁绢蒿土壤种子库逐步退化,直至消失.