杉木林杆材阶段能量积累和分配的研究

目前森林生态系统生产力的研究 ,多以干物质量作为指标 ,这对深入了解生态系统的功能 ,生态效益都有一定的局限性。必须把生物量与能量结合起来 ,因为生物量和能流的研究 ,是人工林生态系统结构和功能的研究中最主要的一环 ,是研究物质生产、物质循环和能量流动的基础。关于森林各组织器官的热值和能量的研究 ,国内外许多学者做过这方面的工作。刘世荣等 (1990 )研究了落叶松 (Larixgmelinii)林群落能量积累、分配、固定和转化的规律 ;陶金川等 (1990 )探讨了银鹊树 (Tapisciasinensis)群落的生物量和能量的现存量 ;张文其等 (1995 )对鹤山…     

农业科技成果转化存在的问题分析（II）

在以往研究中国农业科技成果转化现状的基础上,研究了制约农业科技成果推广的因素。就农民方面来讲主要为:农民对科技成果的转化吸纳程度;利益机制因素;农业的风险性和不确定性因素;技术市场的不完善因素;农民的经营理念方面的因素以及农民的文化素质偏低等因素。以便采取相应的对策措施。     

沪产哈密瓜采后贮藏温度对品质的影响

以沪产"雪里红"哈密瓜为试材,分别在3℃、5℃、7℃、10℃和常温条件下研究哈密瓜采后贮藏期间果实品质的变化。结果表明:采用低温贮藏能有效降低哈密瓜果实失重,并抑制总酸、总糖和可溶性固形物含量的下降。3℃贮藏温度明显延缓了"雪里红"品质的下降,保持较高的感官和营养品质,贮藏保鲜效果最佳。     

茄果类蔬菜的贮藏保鲜技术

茄果类蔬菜为季节性蔬菜,有计划地选择部分优质蔬菜进行贮藏保鲜,是一项增产增收的好方法。就茄果类蔬菜贮藏保鲜技术提出措施建议。     

SO2对龙眼果实的氧化作用与衰老的影响

以‘石硖’龙眼（Ｄｉｍ ｏｃａｒｐｕｓｌｏｎｇａｎ Ｌｏｕｒ．ｃｖ．Ｓｈｉｘｉａ）为试材,研究了冷藏（４ ℃）条件下,适当的ＳＯ２ 熏蒸预处理对果实氧化作用与衰老的影响。结果表明：硫处理果实,呼吸速率比对照显著降低（Ｐ＜ ０．０１）,使果实受到不可逆抑制;果皮膜透性和丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量比对照明显增加（Ｐ＜ ０．０１）,超氧物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性成倍提高,并出现新的ＳＯＤ同工酶带。贮藏效果表明：合理的ＳＯ２ 处理能够延缓果实的衰老进程,延长贮藏寿命     

兔出血症-巴氏杆菌病蜂胶二联灭活苗保存期试验

研制兔出血症-巴氏杆菌病蜂胶二联灭活苗2批,分别在4-8℃和室温条件下保存6个月、12个月后进行免疫保护试验。结果显示：蜂胶二联苗在4～8℃和室温条件下保存6个月、12个月,对兔出血症的保护率均为100％;4～8℃保存6个月对巴氏杆菌病的保护率为100％,保存12个月对巴氏杆菌病的保护率为90％;室温保存6个月对巴氏杆菌病的保护率80％,保存12个月对巴氏杆菌病的保护率为70％。据此可以确定蜂胶二联苗的保存期为4～8℃一年或室温半年。     

老芒麦种子染色体端粒及抗氧化防御系统对自然老化的响应

为探讨老芒麦种子响应自然老化的抗氧化作用机制和细胞染色体端粒酶活性变化规律,本试验以‘青牧1号’老芒麦(Elymus sibiricus L.‘Qingmu No.1’)种子为试验材料,研究常温贮藏1,2,4,5和6年后,老芒麦种子活力、生理生化代谢产物、抗氧化酶活性以及端粒酶活性的变化规律。结果表明：随着贮藏时间增加,老芒麦种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、芽长和活力指数均逐渐降低,端粒酶活性显著升高(P<0.05),葡萄糖含量和浸出液电导率明显上升;贮藏初期,超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase, SOD),过氧化物酶(Peroxidase, POD)和过氧化氢酶(Catalase, CAT)活性缓慢降低,贮藏2年以后,上述指标活性急剧下降,从而加快了老芒麦种子的老化进程。老芒麦种子在自然贮藏过程中抗氧化酶活性的降低造成活性氧不能及时清除,导致细胞膜脂过氧化,膜通透性增加,继而影响了种子的萌芽以及幼苗的生长。     

TRANSFORMATION OF AGRICULTURE ON THE LOESS PLATEAU OF CHINA TOWARD GREEN DEVELOPMENT

● Agriculture on Loess Plateau has transformed from food shortage to green development. ● Terracing and check-dams are the key engineering measures to increase crop yields. ● Agronomic measures and policy support greatly increased crop production. ● Increasing non-agricultural income is a key part of increasing farmers’ income. ● Grain for Green Program had an overwhelming advantage in protecting environment. Loess Plateau of China is a typical dryland agricultural area. Agriculture there has transformed from food shortage toward green development over the past seven decades, and has achieved world-renowned achievements. During 1950–1980, the population increased from 42 to 77 million, increasing grain production to meet food demand of rapid population growth was the greatest challenge. Engineering measures such as terracing and check-dam were the crucial strategies to increase crop production. From 1981 to 2000, most of agronomic measures played a key role in increasing crops yield, and a series of policy support has benefited millions of smallholders. As expected, these measures and policies greatly increased crop production and basically achieved food security; but, low per capita GDP (only about 620 USD in 2000) was still a big challenge. During 2001–2015, the increase in agricultural and non-agricultural income together supported the increase in farmer income to 5781 USD·yr^–1. Intensive agriculture that relies heavily on chemicals increased crop productivity by 56%. Steadfast policy support such as “Grain for Green Program” had an overwhelming advantage in protecting the natural ecological environment. In the new era, the integration of science and technology innovations, policy support and positive societal factors will be the golden key to further improve food production, protect environment, and increase smallholder income.     

接入管理技术在城市道路平面交叉口中的应用

城市道路平面交叉口是城市路网中重要的节点,也是事故频发和造成交通延误的瓶颈点。概述了接入管理技术的概念和设计原则,介绍了在城市道路平面交叉口中典型的接入管理技术。对改善城市道路平面交叉口交通安全及促使城市可持续发展具有重要的参考价值。     

Methods and Techniques to Enhance the Production of Secondary Metabolites in Hairy Roots

Hairy roots culture is a new means to gain the plant secondary metabolites. How to enhance the production of secondary metabolites in hairy roots becomes a new hotspot recently. The authors summarize recent trends and results about the increase of the production of secondary metabolites in medicinal plant hairy roots. The change of culture conditions and the application of biotechnologies can enhance the production of secondary metabolites in hairy roots.