Short rotation willow coppice biomass as an industrial and energy feedstock

In order to increase the yield of short rotation willow coppice cultivated on agricultural land and to improve the biomass quality as an industrial and energy feedstock, particular consideration should be devoted to proper location and to the cultivation of woody plants. This paper presents the yield of five new cultivars of willow coppice and the relationship between the chemical composition of biomass and the plant harvest cycle. The Tur cultivar has been shown to have the highest mean productivity of 21.5 t of d.m. ha⁻¹ year⁻¹. In a three-year harvest cycle, the cultivar also gave biomass with the highest cellulose:lignin ratio (2.14). The significantly highest yield of dry biomass from the cultivars under study (20.5 t of d.m. ha⁻¹ year⁻¹) was achieved in a three-year harvest cycle. It was lower by 3.4% on average in a two-year harvest cycle and lower by 17.2% in a one-year harvest cycle as compared to a three-year cycle. As the harvest cycle was extended, the biomass quality in terms of its chemical composition improved. The biomass obtained in a three-year cycle contained the highest amount of cellulose (44.6% of d.m.) and the lowest amount of lignin (21.8% of d.m.). The results indicate that the agrotechnical factors, including the cultivar and the harvest cycle, affect not only the yield, but also the qualitative features of short rotation coppice willow biomass.     

Short internode,double podding and early flowering effects on maturity and other agronomic characters in chickpea

Chickpea is an indeterminate species, which continues to flower and set new pods over a long period under wet and cool growing conditions, resulting in excessive canopy development and delayed maturity. We hypothesized that the chickpea's long season requirement could be reduced through introgression of short internode, double podding and early flowering. Four populations E100Ym/CDC Anna, 272-2/CDC Anna, 298T-9/CDC Anna, and 298T-9/CDC Frontier were developed to test this hypothesis with the first parents of each cross being the donor of the short internode, double podding and early flowering traits, respectively. Also, the donor parents E100Ym, 272-2 and 298T-9 were intercrossed. Segregating populations of F₂ to F_3:6 generations were then evaluated under greenhouse and field conditions. When expressed well, double podding significantly reduced time to maturity as compared to the single podding counterparts. The best double podding lines were about 1 week earlier maturing than the early parent and standard checks. Days to flowering (DF) was positively associated with days to maturity (DM) (r = 0.44, P < 0.001), and partial path analysis revealed that DF contributed to DM mainly via days to first pod maturity (DFPM). In the two early flowering populations 298T-9/CDC Anna and 298T-9/CDC Frontier, DF determined about 32% of the variation in DFPM. Conversely, the short internode trait had an undesirable effect, in that all the short internode segregants were too late to mature. In conclusion, the alleles for double podding and early flowering may be used to improve early maturity in chickpea and subsequently minimize the risks associated with the production of this crop in environments where the growing conditions allow excessive crop canopy development, as in the Canadian prairies.     

莱阳矮樱桃的离体培养技术研究

用莱阳矮樱桃茎段为外植体,以MS为基本培养基,研究6-BA对外植体芽诱导的影响,研究两种激素6-BA和IBA不同浓度组合的芽增殖效应,及研究IBA的生根效果。试验结果表明:莱阳矮樱桃的最佳分化培养基为MS 6-BA1.0mg/L IBA0.1mg/L Sugar30g/L Agar6g/L,最有效的生根培养基为1/2MS IBA0.5mg/L Sugar30g/L Agar6g/L。     

新型短肽LD-1对黄瓜霜霉病的抑制作用及其对黄瓜的促生长研究

短肽LD-1是从牛心朴子草中新分离的具有抗菌活性的多肽.以黄瓜霜霉病菌为供试菌株,系统测定了短肽LD-1对黄瓜霜霉病的抑制作用及其对黄瓜的促生长作用.结果表明:短肽LD-1对黄瓜霜霉病菌孢子囊萌发具有较好的抑制效果,且对孢子囊芽管发育具有一定的致畸效果.短肽LD-1对黄瓜霜霉病菌孢于囊萌发的抑制中浓度为68.3165 mg/L,对黄瓜霜霉病菌的抑菌中浓度为100.6843 mg/L,表现出较好的防效.25 mg/L的短肽LD-1对黄瓜种子萌发、根系发育以及促生长活性较强,经短肽LD-1处理萌发后的黄瓜根毛明显较对照发达.     

短光低温不育水稻新种质的花药培养研究

对短光低温不育水稻进行花药培养的结果表明：不同基因型材料的花培力差异较大；同一材料在不同的基本培养基和激素配比中进行培养的效果不同，对宜DIS，以M8附加2,4-D(2mg/L) NAA(2mg/L) Kt(1.5mg/L)的花培力最高；不同时间段所取的材料花培力差异较大，可能与材料生长所处的最适环境不同有关；适当的通气状况有利于绿苗分化率的提高。     

杏叶片叶绿素含量的变化规律研究

在南疆立地条件下对黑叶杏、胡安娜杏、木克亚力克杏、赛买提杏4个品系14个品种的短枝叶片在不同发育时期的叶绿素a b含量进行了测定。结果表明：在叶绿素a b的研究中，黑叶杏较特殊，展叶后2个多月一直呈下降趋势，其余3个品系呈上升趋势；6月下旬至7月上旬4个品系均处于低谷值；叶片衰老期，4个品系叶绿素含量呈下降趋势，但开始下降的时间不同，木克亚力克杏与赛买提杏在9月下旬，黑叶杏、胡安娜杏在10月初。叶绿素a／b值起点均在2．3左右，黑叶杏变化幅度较大，其余3个品系基本都在2．3以下变动。     

短季棉中棉16高产稳产生化机理的研究

 对中棉16（G. hirsutum）等5个短季棉品种大田栽培条件下第十叶片及盆栽子叶附体或离体状态下某些生化变化作了研究。结果表明：中棉16及姊妹系中427体内超氧物歧化酶（SOD），过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性强，能及时清除体内有害自由基，使细胞器、核酸、蛋白质等免受伤害、保持活性。因而叶绿素和可溶性蛋白质降解慢，幅度小，能有效进行光合作用，形成更多光合产物，使该品种高产优质。中棉10的SOD、POD、CAT活性小，不能及时清除体内有害自由基的危害，致使棉株过早衰老，丧失光合能力，造成低产。辽棉7号的SOD、POD、CAT活性居中，但离体子叶后期高于其它品种，叶绿素降解速度居中，田间附体叶片蛋白质降解较慢，离体子叶则降解快。由于该品种清除酶类在棉株生长前期活性强，后期稳定，同时该品种植株高大，生长势强，可能为晚熟原因之一。     

茶树短穗扦插2夹1膜覆盖保温技术研究

[目的]研究茶树短穗扦插2夹1膜覆盖保温技术。[方法]在原有双层覆盖的基础上,加盖1层塑料薄膜,形成2层塑料薄膜中间1层遮阳网——2夹1膜的覆盖保温方式。[结果]越冬期间,2夹1膜覆盖日最低温度平均值为2.32℃,高于无膜覆盖2.29℃,高于双膜覆盖1.79℃;区试期间,极端最低温度无膜覆盖为-11.51℃,双膜覆盖为-9.47℃,2夹1膜覆盖为-6.47℃;2夹1膜覆盖日平均温度为10.30℃,高于无膜覆盖4.93℃,高于双膜覆盖1.78℃;2夹1膜日最高温度平均值为28.12℃,高于双膜覆盖4.30℃,高于无膜覆盖14.30℃;采用2夹1膜覆盖技术,育苗成活率比双膜覆盖高4.48百分点,增值12 750元/hm2。[结论]2夹1膜具有很好的保温、增温能力;可消除越冬时的冻土抬苗现象,提高育苗的安全系数。     

矮生香石竹的组织培养和快速繁殖

矮生香石竹(代号为SJ-3)是本所采用切花香石竹和日本石竹杂交而成的优良新品种,该品种矮生、重瓣,没有种子,不能进行有性繁殖,因此利用组织培养技术、以矮生香石竹茎尖段为外植体,进行了组织培养快速繁殖研究。试验结果表明:(1)矮生香石竹增殖分化阶段的合适培养基为MS 6-BA0.2mg/L KT0.1mg/L NAA 0.05mg/L CCC 5ml/L;(2)合适的生根培养基为1/2MS NAA 0.5mg/L IBA0.5mg/L,生根率在86.6%;(3)在同等条件下采用透气的封口膜对克服矮生香石竹试管苗玻璃化有明显的效果;(4)生根试管苗移入珍珠岩∶河沙∶泥炭=1∶1∶1的基质中,成活率达93%,同时采用瓶外生根技术移栽成活率高,并缩短了试管苗的繁殖周期。     

短季棉子叶荧光动力学及SOD酶活性的研究

 短季棉早熟不早衰类型品种中棉16的可变荧光（Fv）、第二波（S-M）持续时间长，比早衰型晚5天消失，说明其光合磷酸化，CO#-2同化能力和PSⅡ、PSⅠ间电子传递能力强。同时叶绿素降解速度缓慢。SOD酶前期活性高，后期下降快，使之既早熟又不早衰。早熟早衰型品种中棉10的Fv、S-M最先消失，叶绿素降解速度快，SOD酶活性在整个暗处理过程一直最低，说明清除有害自由基能力差，故早熟又过早衰老。晚熟型辽棉7的荧光动力学过程，叶绿素降解速度以及前期SOD酶活性居中，但其中叶绿素绝对含量在衰老全过程中居首位。后期SOD酶活性高于其他品种，这可能与延缓衰老及晚熟有关。