棉花混选-混交育种体系遗传改良效应研究——Ⅰ.主要育种目标性状的响应

研究了陆地棉主要性状对混选—混交育种体系的响应。两轮群体提高了产量、早熟性和降低了麦克隆值的平均数;扩大了纤维品质的变幅;增加了高产株率,但对改进抗枯黄萎病性不明显。一轮群体的效果低于二轮。两次混交扩大了产量和纤维品质的变幅,增加了正末端的个体频率。一次混交的作用不及两次。早代混选相对缩小了群体变幅。一次混交后再经两代开放授粉和对一轮群体再混选,均表现出有益的反响。     

Artificial Insemination with Frozen Semen in Ewes at Different Times of the Breeding Season

Totally 13575 ewes of two different breeds, Dala and Spel, were inseminated with semen, frozen in straws and thawed at 70°C for 8 sec. An insemination dose of 0.2 ml containing approx. 150 × 10⁶ spermatozoa with at least 45 to 50% progressive motility was imerted 5 to 12 mm into the cervix. The insemination was performed once between 12 and 30 h after the onset of heat. The NR rate of the Dala ewes increased significantly during the season. The NR rate of the ewes inseminated before 15. November was 44.3%, from 15. to 20. November 52.2%. from 20. to 25. November 55.3% and from 25. November and later 61.4%. The corresponding values for the ewes of the Spel breed were 57.3, 58.7, 61.5 and 71.0% respectively, and only the difference between the two last values was statistically significant. The difference between the fertility of the two breeds was significant within each of the periods .     

香鱼人工育苗技术

根据作者多年来香鱼人工育苗的实践经验，总结了香鱼人工繁殖和苗种培育中关键性的技术。     

优良乡土树种观光木选育与栽培技术研究

观光木是木兰科单种属植物，是国家保护的珍稀濒危植物，是我国南方常绿阔叶林中的优势建群树种。以其树干通直、材质优良、速生、树形优美等特性而备受关注。我们在观光木科学引种栽培的基础上，对其生物生态学特性、繁育技术、营林配套技术进行了一系列基础性的研究工作，为全面选育和开发该树种奠定了良好的技术支撑。     

北疆苜蓿属植物繁育系统的研究

采用等位酶技术，对北疆苜蓿属植物种群的繁育系统进行了研究。结果表明，北疆苜蓿属植物种群为外繁育系统，黄花苜蓿、多变苜蓿、紫花苜蓿基因组成中杂合体过多，均保持较低的自交结实率。参试苜蓿属植物表现某种程度的内繁育衰退现象，地理或生殖隔离等因素可能是导致个别种群出现内繁育衰退现象的原因之一。对北疆苜蓿属遗传资源保护时，既要选择遗传基础丰富的种和种群以保持最多的遗传变异，还要注意选择具有不同等位的种群以保持原有的基因和基因频率。     

苹果梨的育种价值

该文指出,苹果梨综合性状优良,是很好的梨育种种质资源;以苹果梨及其后代为亲本已选育出30余个新品种,大大丰富了梨种质资源;苹果梨的大果、耐贮、小果心、抗寒等优良性状在后代品种中有较强的表现;以苹果梨与多倍体品种杂交后代为多倍体的比率较高。并展望了苹果梨在今后育种中的主要研究方向。     

Male-to-female aggression in cage-housed common pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) during the breeding season was not related to male plasma testosterone level

1. The aim of this study was to investigate if male-to-female aggression of common pheasants in the course of the breeding season was related to the concentration of plasma testosterone and/or other biochemical plasma indicators in male pheasants housed in breeding cages. The influence of season on the concentration of testosterone and biochemical indicators was also investigated.

2. Males were divided into non-aggressive and aggressive groups during the breeding season based on ethological evaluation. At the beginning, in the middle and at the end of the breeding season, a blood sample was taken from all males on the same day and the concentration of selected biochemical indicators and the total circulating testosterone in the plasma were determined.

3. Male-to-female aggression during the breeding season of pheasants was not influenced by the total plasma testosterone of males.

4. The concentration of total plasma testosterone in males decreased gradually during the breeding season.

5. Male-to-female aggression of pheasants did not have a significant effect on any of the assessed biochemical indicators.

6. The influence of the breeding season affected the activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase as well as the concentrations of glucose, magnesium, potassium and chloride in the blood plasma of cage-housed male pheasants.     

紧凑型杂交玉米新品种毕玉2号的选育与应用

毕玉2号系毕节地区种子站用自选系苏110作母本,自选系毕106作父本育成的白粒紧凑型玉米杂交种,2000年11月通过贵州省毕节地区农作物品种审定委员会审定,具有较强的耐旱耐瘠能力和品质优良等特点,适宜在毕节地区海拔1 800 m以下及其他气候相似地区的旱坡地及肥水条件好的坝地种植,目前正在生产上大面积推广应用。     

江苏某地区稻虾蟹综合种养模式下养殖水和产品中农药残留与风险评价

为掌握江苏省某地区稻田综合种养基地内（“稻-蟹”及“稻-虾”）养殖水环境及水产品中的农药残留特征与生态风险及健康风险,利用三重四极杆气质联用仪（GC-MS/MS）,选择6个养殖区,根据生长周期,跟踪监测养殖水环境及同期水产品（虾、蟹）中208种农药残留情况,并根据商值法对养殖水环境进行生态风险评价,利用食用安全风险指数对水产品进行食用安全分析。结果表明：综合种养模式下,水环境中检出农药的主要类型为除草剂、杀菌剂、植物生长调节剂等,平均质量分数为0.33 μg·L^-1,同时有少量杀虫剂、杀螨剂、增效剂有检出;在整个生长周期内,稻虾、稻蟹农药残留的主要类型为除草剂、杀菌剂、杀虫剂和植物生长调节剂,平均质量分数为6.1 μg·kg^-1 （以湿质量计）。养殖水环境中农药主要来源于养殖前期环境中残留或外源性污染,随着养殖时间延长,农药含量整体趋向于减少,通过对养殖水环境生态风险进行分析,发现各抽样点位联合风险商值（RQ）均在0~1之间,属于中风险,对环境仍具有一定的压力,除草剂等类型农药应引起重视;在监测周期内,水产品中大部分农药的残留量逐渐减少直至未检出,仅有部分点位杀菌剂有少量存在,通过对同期虾、蟹的健康风险进行分析发现,平均食品安全指数远小于1,农药残留的食品安全风险可以接受。     

橘色海菊蛤人工繁育技术研究

本研究以野生橘色海菊蛤(Spondylus aurantius)为材料,观察了橘色海菊蛤的亲体催熟、胚胎及稚贝的发育过程,比较了不同温度条件下胚胎发育速度及不同材质和采苗深度对海菊蛤附着效果的影响。结果显示,野生橘色海菊蛤在养殖池经自然催熟后性腺饱满,发育成熟;采用“晾干+流水+高温”刺激获得了橘色海菊蛤优质精卵,并成功完成了受精;受精卵通过不均等卵裂,依次发育为多细胞卵裂期、囊胚、担轮幼虫、D形幼虫、壳顶幼虫、匍匐幼虫和稚贝,累计耗时25～27 d。受精卵在温度为28℃和32℃时均可发育至稚贝,且在水温为32℃时,胚胎各个阶段发育速度均快于28℃。室内不同水层采苗结果显示,底层采苗器附着密度要显著高于上层(P<0.05);不同附着基材质附着密度结果显示,室内采苗阶段黑蝶贝壳附着效果最好,而后依次为海菊蛤壳>牡蛎壳>混凝土饼>黑色遮阳网>绿色聚乙烯网片。在自然海区养殖30d后,海菊蛤壳和牡蛎壳附着及生长效果最优。本研究首次成功开展了橘色海菊蛤人工繁育,获得了其胚胎和稚贝发育规律,研究结果可为该物种在南海人工规模化养殖提供支撑。