Evaluation of Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Legume Intercropping Under 1:1 and 2:1 Row-replacement Series System

A field experiment was conducted during the winter season of 1992–93 and 1993–94 at Agricultural Experimental Farm, Giridih, Bihar to evaluate the intercropping systems of legumes, gram ( Cicer arietinum L.), pea ( Pisum sativum ) and lentil ( Lens culinaris ) with wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) in 1:1 and 2:1 'row replacement series'. Intercropping systems were assessed on the basis of new indices termed as actual yield loss (AYL) and intercropping advantage (IA). This paper highlights the comparative effectiveness of evaluating the intercropping systems through the existing intercropping indices like LER, RCC, aggressivity. The indices AYL and IA seem to be more appropriate particularly when per plant yield is considered. Intercropping reduced the yield of component crops compared with respective pure stands. Wheat + pea in 1:1 row replacement series gave the highest wheat yield equivalent value (3.02 t ha⁻¹) followed by wheat + lentil (2.91 tha⁻¹). When the actual sown proportion was considered wheat + lentil (1:1) resulted in maximum AYL (+0.610) and IA (+0.279) values. This treatment also gave the maximum monetary advantage (Rs 5985.45 ha⁻¹).     

Long-term application of animal slurries to grassland alters soil cation balance

Abstract. Soil samples from a 32-year grassland field experiment were taken from 0–5, 5–10, and 10–15 cm soil depths in February 2002. Plots received annual treatments of unamended control, mineral fertilizer, three rates of pig slurry and three rates of cow slurry, each with six replicates. Samples were analysed for cation exchange capacity (CEC), exchangeable cations (Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺), pH and Olsen P. Exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) was calculated as a sodicity indicator. Mean ESP was generally greater for slurry treatments than the control, with a trend of increasing ESP with application rate. This was particularly marked for cow slurry. At 0–5 cm depth ESP increased from 1.18 in the control to 1.75 at the highest rate of pig slurry and 5.60 at the highest rate of cow slurry. Similar trends were shown for CEC, exchangeable Na⁺, K⁺ and Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺ and Olsen P. The build-up of soil P due to slurry applications, together with this combination of physical and chemical factors, may increase the risk of P loss to surface waters, particularly from soils receiving high rates of cow slurry.     

红掌缺素症状研究

对红掌亚利桑那品种进行了缺素症的研究，分别观察并分析了植株和叶片在缺乏某一种大量元素的情况下，表现出来的典型症状。     

浙农大A系意蜂生产性能考察试验报告

用杂交一代蜂群进行对比试验的结果表明,浙农大 A 系意蜂的产育力、群势增长速度、采蜜量等,与平湖意蜂和澳大利亚意蜂无显著差异或基本一致,但蜂王浆高产性能表现突出,产量比平湖意蜂高19.5%,比澳意高42.5%,而且质量指标符合国家规定和出口标准。     

重迎茬亚麻生长发育障碍机制的研究

重迎茬亚麻减产是由多种因素综合作用的结果,亚麻重迎茬可使病害加重是最主要因素,重茬年限越久发病越严重;重迎茬造成了土壤营养元素的单一消耗,随着重迎茬年限的增加,土壤中速效氮、速效磷、速效钾等含量降低。     

乳酸菌与中药合生元对肉鸡生长性能及饲料利用率的影响

本试验分别向肉仔鸡日粮中添加等量的抗生素和乳酸菌与中药合生元制剂,通过测定肉仔鸡的各项生长指标和饲料利用率指标,探讨乳酸菌与中药合生元在肉鸡生长和饲料利用率方面替代抗生素的优势.结果表明,试验组与对照组在生长性能和饲料利用率上各指标均差异不显著（P〉0.05）,说明乳酸菌与中药合生元可以替代抗生素饲喂给肉仔鸡.     

土壤养分数据几种特异值处理方法的比较

利用贵州省平坝县马场镇栗木村的13项土壤养分测试数据,对比分析了3σ准则、估计邻域法、影响系数法、邻近点数据比较法4种识别与处理特异值方法的优劣。结果表明:将3σ准则与邻近点数据比较法相结合,对土壤养分测试数据进行特异值处理获得了较好的效果,对提高地质统计学研究结果的精度有积极的作用。     

土壤调理剂对生姜硒镉积累和品质安全的影响

为明确土壤调理剂对重金属污染土壤上生姜的营养品质和安全性的影响及作用机制,采用生姜土壤盆栽试验,比较研究了3种土壤调理剂（硅酸钾、麦饭石、贝壳粉）对土壤硒镉有效性以及生姜硒镉积累、生长发育和营养品质的影响。试验结果表明：3种土壤调理剂均能显著提高生姜硒含量,同时显著降低镉含量。与对照（不添加土壤调理剂）相比,施用0.2%硅酸钾调理剂效果最佳,分别使生姜地上部位和姜块硒含量提高了165.01%和111.36%,镉含量降低了71.96%和65.15%;另外,施用3种土壤调理剂可显著提高姜块产量、品质及养分吸收。与对照相比,产量提高了23.93%~67.67%,可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和姜黄素含量分别提高了2.34%~6.00%、154.72%~602.83%和11.05%~33.43%,氮、磷、钾养分含量分别提高了10.28%~14.42%、24.62%~34.87%、28.81%~29.01%;施用3种土壤调理剂还可提高姜块过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性,降低丙二醛（MDA）含量;与对照相比,3种土壤调理剂增加土壤pH 0.35~0.53个单位,土壤有效态镉含量降低了16.92%~22.76%,有效态硒含量增加了3.60%~10.99%。研究表明,施用土壤调理剂能够降低土壤有效态镉含量、活化土壤有效态硒,从而降低生姜镉含量并提高硒含量和姜块营养品质,可实现镉污染土壤安全利用,保障生姜优质安全生产。     

磷指数模型在美国的应用和发展

磷是植物生长必需的营养元素之一,在农业生产中起着关键作用。然而,长期过量的磷肥投入导致土壤磷素水平增加,进而加大了土壤磷素流失风险,造成农业非点源磷污染,同时这也成为导致水体富营养化的主要因素之一。因此,识别和管理农业非点源磷的流失风险关键区,成为面源污染亟待解决的关键问题。磷指数模型起源于20世纪90年代,是评估农田磷流失潜力和指导磷管理决策的重要工具之一。根据研究区特点,美国众多学者在各州设立了不同的磷指数指标体系,优化了磷指数的组成因子、计算方法和分级标准。本文对美国各州磷指数模型评价体系进行了综述和评价,指出了磷指数模型的局限性,提出了改进方向,以期为我国磷素管理方法提供借鉴。