不同肥料类型对幼龄油茶生长的影响

为了给幼龄油茶的施肥提供依据,采用随机区组设计,设置果满多、上海大颂生物菌肥、希星油茶专用肥、江西绿园油茶有机专用肥、复合肥共5个施肥处理和不施肥对照,对江西奉新县幼龄油茶进行了施肥试验。调查株高、地径、冠幅、梢长、梢直径和叶绿度等指标,并分析了它们之间的关系。结果表明,施加不同类型的肥料与油茶株高、地径、冠幅、梢长、梢直径及叶绿度均呈现一定的相关性,施肥对于油茶的株高、春梢长、春梢直径及叶绿度均存在显著的影响,而油茶冠幅和地径与施肥无显著关系;在对油茶株高、地径、冠幅和春梢长度的促进作用上,以上海大颂生物菌肥为最好;在对油茶春梢直径和叶绿度的影响上,以果满多效果为最好。所以在生产上为促进油茶生长,推荐应用上海大颂生物菌肥或果满多。     

常州区金坛区鸟类资源研究

金坛区鸟类资源丰富,鸟类区系组成多样化,包含多种珍稀保护鸟类,同时在鸟类的组成上呈现出明显的季节性。通过野外调查和收集资料相结合的途径获得数据,运用植鸟类调查基本原理和方法,对金坛区鸟类资源进行全面整理、定量统计和系统分析,为本地区鸟类资源的保护与合理利用提供了科学依据。     

幼龄茶园套种夏大豆技术

从播种前准备、整地播种、合理密植、科学施肥、适时中耕、病虫草害防治、适时收获等方面总结了幼龄茶园套种夏大豆技术,以期促进该技术的推广,增加种植户收益。     

Putative human and avian risk factors for avian influenza virus infections in backyard poultry in Egypt

Highly pathogenic influenza A virus subtype H5N1 causes significant poultry mortality in the six countries where it is endemic and can also infect humans. Egypt has reported the third highest number of poultry outbreaks (n = 1084) globally. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to identify putative risk factors for H5N1 infections in backyard poultry in 16 villages in Damietta, El Gharbia, Fayoum, and Menofia governorates from 2010–2012. Cloacal and tracheal swabs and serum samples from domestic (n = 1242) and wild birds (n = 807) were tested for H5N1 via RT-PCR and hemagglutination inhibition, respectively. We measured poultry rearing practices with questionnaires (n = 306 households) and contact rates among domestic and wild bird species with scan sampling. Domestic birds (chickens, ducks, and geese, n = 51) in three governorates tested positive for H5N1 by PCR or serology. A regression model identified a significant correlation between H5N1 in poultry and the practice of disposing of dead poultry and poultry feces in the garbage (F = 15.7, p < 0.0001). In addition, contact between domestic and wild birds was more frequent in villages where we detected H5N1 in backyard flocks (F = 29.5, p < 0.0001).     

白马鸡的人工孵化研究

采用异亲鸟孵化与机器孵化2种繁殖方法对白马鸡种卵孵化的出雏率、种卵失重率等方面进行对比分析。结果表明,异亲鸟孵化成功率达87%以上,机器孵化的出雏率为85%;发育正常的白马鸡种卵在孵化器内正常孵化失重率变化不大,在13%左右;无发育能力的白马鸡卵在孵化器内正常孵化失重率变化较大,在11%~17%之间变动。在白马鸡人工孵化过程中种卵选择是孵化成功的先决条件。     

西南桦中幼龄人工林抚育成效评价

以林龄5 a、造林密度2 m×3 m的西南桦人工林作为研究对象,通过生长伐处理,连续3年对标准地林分生长、林分结构、林分健康、森林植被情况进行监测。结果表明,生长伐可有效提高目标树及辅助树单位面积材积,未降低林分的物种多样性,林分结构得到调整——乔木层、灌木层和草本层的物种存在一定的变化,各层次所占比例也发生了较大变化。     

Status of aquatic and riparian biodiversity in artificial lake ecosystems with and without management for recreational fisheries: Implications for conservation

1. Humanity is facing a biodiversity crisis, with freshwater-associated biodiversity in a particularly dire state. Novel ecosystems created through human use of mineral resources, such as gravel pit lakes, can provide substitute habitats for the conservation of freshwater and riparian biodiversity. Many of these artificial ecosystems are subject to a high intensity of recreational use, however, which may limit their biodiversity potential.
2. The species richness of several taxa (plants, amphibians, dragonflies, damselflies, waterfowl, and songbirds) was assessed and a range of taxonomic biodiversity metrics were compared between gravel pit lakes managed for recreational fisheries (n = 16) and unmanaged reference lakes (n = 10), controlling for non-fishing-related environmental variation.
3. The average species richness of all the taxa examined was similar among lakes in both lake types and no substantial differences in species composition were found when examining the pooled species inventory. Similarly, there were no differences between lake types in the presence of rare species and in the Simpson diversity index across all of the taxa assessed.
4. Variation in species richness among lakes was correlated with woody habitat, lake morphology (surface area and steepness), and land use, but was not correlated with the presence of recreational fisheries. Thus, non-fishing-related environmental variables had stronger effects on local species presence than recreational fisheries management or the presence of recreational anglers.
5. Collectively, no evidence was found that anglers and recreational fisheries management constrain the development of aquatic and riparian biodiversity in gravel pit lakes in the study region; however, the conservation of species diversity in gravel pit lakes could benefit from an increasing reliance on habitat enhancement activities.

     

The diving behaviour of little penguins in Western Australia predisposes them to risk of injury by watercraft

1. The most western little penguin colony globally, and the most northern in Western Australia (WA) is found on Penguin Island, WA. The penguins use coastal bays that are also used extensively by recreational watercraft. These penguins have been found to either dive predominantly to shallow depths of 1–5 m or to depths >8 m. It is thus hypothesized that (a) both the shallow and deeper diving penguins can potentially be disturbed or injured by these watercraft but that the risk will differ between the two diving strategies, and (b) that risk of injury for both is greater during the summer and autumn, when people are more likely to use watercraft.
2. This was tested by attaching data loggers to little penguins during chick rearing and by investigating necropsy records. Diving activity was studied for the very shallow and relatively deeper diving penguins separately, and we considered the penguins were vulnerable to interactions with watercraft when they were within the top 2 m of the water column or at the surface.
3. Shallow‐diving penguins executed >1,200 dives per day, 64% of dives occurred within the top 2 m, and they were vulnerable for approximately two‐thirds of their time at sea. The deeper diving penguins executed fewer dives. Almost half of dives were to ≥10 m, yet they were vulnerable for almost one‐third of their time at sea. Their post‐dive recovery was also longer. Thus, the risk of interaction from watercraft differs depending on the diving behaviour.
4. This study highlights the potential impact to little penguins throughout Australia and New Zealand.

     

威尔伯在幼林抚育中的应用研究

以红松、红皮云杉、长白落叶松造林地为对象,利用化学制剂威尔伯进行幼林抚育试验,结果表明:450 ml·hm-2剂量除草效果最差,仅有12%,在生产上无应用价值;450 ml·hm-2剂量有一定的除草效果,但不明显,持效期也短;1 125 ml·hm-2剂量无论除草效果还是除草速率都优于450 ml·hm-2和750 ml·hm-2。长白落叶松对威尔伯敏感,不能应用。化学除草抚育较人工抚育更能促进幼树生长,而且费用较低。