芦荟乙酰化甘露聚糖对肉仔鸡cAMP/cGMP与免疫功能的影响

本试验研究了肉仔鸡日粮中添加芦荟乙酰化甘露聚糖对环核苷酸含量与免疫功能的影响。结果表明:芦荟凝胶、多糖和乙酰化甘露聚糖均能显著(P<0.05)增加肉鸡体重和肝脏重量,提高血浆和肝脏的cAMP和血浆、肝脏的cGMP水平,以及血浆和肝脏的cAMP/cGMP比值。注射绵羊红细胞,一免后,7 d抗体总量和IgG含量达到峰值。与对照组相比,一免后,7,11,14 d肉仔鸡的抗体总量和IgG值较高,差异显著(P<0.05);二免后,4 d抗体总量和IgG含量达到峰值,并长时间内维持高水平。二免后乙酰化甘露聚糖显著(P<0.05)提高了肉仔鸡对新城疫疫苗(NDV)的抗体水平,同时还增强了肉仔鸡对NDV的免疫应答。本研究表明乙酰化甘露聚糖能提高肉仔鸡的体液免疫功能。     

Performance of Broiler Chickens Fed Sweet Potato Meal (Ipomoea batatas L.) Diets

Day-old Lohman broiler chicks (n = 120) were fed on five starting diets for 4 weeks in groups of 24 birds. The starting diets contained 0%, 9%, 18%, 27% and 36% sweet potato tuber as a replacement for maize. From the fifth week, the 120 birds were tested in groups of 30 on four finishing diets containing 0%, 15%, 30% and 45% sweet potato tuber as a replacement for maize. The carcass quality was significantly (p>0.05) improved due to a significant (p>0.05) reduction of abdominal fat in the birds fed on the 45% sweet potato finisher diets. However, the birds on the sweet potato diet continually passed wet dropppings, resulting in a significant (p>0.05) reduction in body weight and feed conversion efficiency. The optimum levels of inclusion of sweet potato in the diets were considered to be 27% and 30% for starting and finishing broiler chickens, respectively. Sweet potato diets may be a remedy for fatty broilers.     

NDV和IBV感染对肉鸡大肠杆菌病发病的影响

为了解新城疫弱毒苗和传染性支气管炎弱毒苗接种对肉鸡大肠杆菌病发病的影响。对8日龄肉仔鸡用不同剂量NDVclone-30株或IBV-H120株进行滴鼻及饮水,48h后相同途径接种2株不同“O”血清型的致病性大肠杆菌。结果表明,致病性大肠杆菌单独接种鸡死亡率在20%-25%之间,而NDVclone-30株或IBVH120株与致病性大肠杆菌联合接种鸡死亡率有明显增加达40%-75%。     

Anticoccidial Vaccination of Broiler Chickens in Various Management Programmes: Relationship between Oocyst Accumulation in Litter and the Development of Protective Immunity

Paracox anticoccidial vaccine was administered to a 7-day-old flock of commercial broiler breeder stock subsequently reared to point-of-lay in the same house. For comparison, three subgroups of another flock of broiler breeders were also vaccinated with Paracox at 7 days of age, reared to 42 days and then transferred to new litter on another farm until point-of-lay. The first subgroup received no further treatment, but the second and third each received a second vaccination with Paracox, either immediately after transfer to the new litter or 42 days after transfer. Using an Eimeria necatrix model, protective immunity was demonstrated by virulent challenge of samples of birds from all groups by the age of 37–40 days (30–33 days after the first vaccination), and was maintained to at least 122–125 days of age, whether the birds remained on the same litter or were transferred to another farm, and whether they received one or two anticoccidial vaccinations. Therefore, there is no disadvantage in transferring birds onto new litter 35 days after a single Paracox vaccination, nor is there any advantage in giving a second vaccination after such a transfer. Vaccinated birds seeded the new litter with oocysts, despite being clinically immune to coccidiosis. A supplementary laboratory experiment showed that birds vaccinated at 8 days of age passed almost no oocysts after a second vaccination at 43 days of age. This indicated that they were not only protected against clinical coccidiosis, but were almost solidly immune to a homologous infection 5 weeks after a single vaccination. Nevertheless, oocysts appeared in the litter of all four groups of commercial breeders throughout the trial, showing that wild-type heterologous infections occurred whether the birds were transferred to new litter or not, but these did not overwhelm the acquired protective immunity and cause clinical coccidiosis.     

缺氧与肉鸡肺动脉平滑肌细胞c-fos和 c-myc基因表达的关系

利用细胞培养、原位杂交、免疫组化、图像分析等技术研究缺氧与肉鸡肺动脉平滑肌细胞癌基因c-fos和c-myc表达的关系,进一步阐明缺氧与以肺动脉增殖重塑为特征的肉鸡腹水综合征的关系。结果显示,缺氧显著引起肺动脉平滑肌细胞内癌基因c-fos和c-mycmRNA的表达(c-fosmRNA:常氧组为144.6±20.2,缺氧组为198.1±32.8,P<0.01;c-mycmRNA:常氧组为125.4±18.8,缺氧组为167.1±22.4,P<0.01)。缺氧显著引起肺动脉平滑肌细胞内癌基因c-fos和c-myc蛋白的表达(c-fos蛋白:常氧组为150.9±33.2,缺氧组为225.9±37.0,P<0.01;c-myc蛋白:常氧组为162.1±28.5,缺氧组为228.8±33.4,P<0.01)。结果表明缺氧能够明显诱发肉鸡肺动脉平滑肌细胞内癌基因c-fos、c-myc的转录和表达,是启动肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖的重要原因。本研究阐明缺氧是以肺动脉重塑为特征的肉鸡腹水综合征的主要诱因。     

高铜对雏鸡器官组织病理损害的研究

将420只1日龄艾维菌健雏，随机分为7组，分别饲以含铜量11mg／kg的基础日粮和含铜量分别为100、200、300、400、500和600mg／kg的6种高铜日粮6周，研究高铜对雏鸡的病理损害。结果显示，日粮含铜100和200mg／kg对雏鸡有促生长作用。日粮铜水平达300mg／kg以上时，对雏鸡器官组织造成不同程度的病理损伤，表现为肌胃角质层增厚呈黄褐色；肝呈浅黄色或深褐色，肝细胞脂肪变性；消化道上皮细胞变性坏死；免疫器官和肾、心脏、胰腺、大脑等器官的实质细胞肿胀；淋巴免疫器官体积缩小，淋巴细胞数量减少。超微结构观察发现，肝细胞胞浆和胞核内见有数量不等、大小不一的高电子密度的沉积物；凋亡的淋巴细胞染色质呈花瓣样、半月形或环形，聚集在核膜下。表明，肝、消化道和免疫器官是高铜损害的主要靶器官。