日粮锌水平对种公鸡生长性能及精液品质的研究

试验选用10周龄伊莎父母代种公鸡45羽,随机分为3组,每组15羽作为试验动物,通过在基础饲粮中添加0 mg/kg、60mg/kg、180mg/kg的锌,研究日粮锌水平对种公鸡生长性能及精液品质的影响.结果表明,日粮锌水平对种公鸡从31周龄到34周龄体重和料重比无显著影响(P＞0.05),且不同周龄各组差异均不显著(P＞0.05);31周龄周增重试验Ⅱ组与对照组差异达到了显著水平(P＜0.05);32周龄试验Ⅱ组与试验Ⅰ组和对照组差异极显著(P＜0.01);33周龄试验Ⅱ组与对照组差异也极显著(P＜0.01);精子活率和生存指数差异不显著(P＞0.05);试验Ⅰ组精子密度极显著高于对照组与试验Ⅱ组(P＜0.01);试验Ⅰ组精液量显著低于试验Ⅱ组(P＜0.01)和对照组(P＜0.05);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组有效精子数接近(P＞0.05),但试验Ⅰ组有效精子数显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);精液pH值对照组极显著高于试验Ⅰ组与试验Ⅱ组(P＜0.01).     

瓜类新病毒病害（三）：甜瓜黄化斑点病

介绍了我国最新发现的瓜类病毒病害——甜瓜黄化斑点病（图版见彩色插页第26页）的症状、分布、病原及基因组、寄主范围、传播途径、病毒检测及防治等内容。     

Genes for Resistance to Yellow Rust in Seedlings of Wheat Cultivars from Pakistan Tested with British Isolates of Puccinia striiformis

Seedlings of 26 wheat caltivars from Pakistan were tested with 18 British races of P. striiformis. It is postulated that the race-specific genes Yr6, Yr7, Yr9 and perhaps Yr2 were present among the cultivars, and that there was other resistance not controlled by these genes.     

基于转录组测序技术研究饲粮赖氨酸水平调控贵州黄鸡采食量的差异表达基因和信号通路

本试验旨在利用转录组测序(RNA?Seq)技术研究饲粮赖氨酸(Lys)水平调控贵州黄鸡采食量的分子机制,挖掘与采食量相关的候选基因和信号通路,进一步提高家禽采食量以及促进养殖效益.选取健康的1日龄贵州黄鸡雏鸡400羽,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复20羽.各组饲粮Lys水平分别为0.7％、0.9％、1.1％和1....     

黄羽肉鸡IGF-1基因单核苷酸多态性与生长性状的相关研究

本试验将类胰岛素生长因子1(IGF-1)作为研究肉鸡生长的候选基因,以海门京海集团的第二世代黄羽肉鸡为试验材料,根据鸡IGF-1基因DNA序列设计引物,采用PCR-SSCP方法进行SNP检测和基因型分析,探讨IGF-1基因多态性与鸡生长性状之间的关系。于IGF-1基因外显子1上发现一处突变。这个突变产生的不同基因型与鸡生长性状进行的统计分析结果表明,个体的1日龄初生重、4周龄、12周龄及300日龄成年体重在不同基因型之间均存在显著差异(P<0.05)。AA基因型1日龄初生重、4周龄、8周龄及300日龄成年体重均显著高于BB基因型个体(P<0.05)。推测可以将IGF-1基因应用于鸡生长的标记辅助选择育种实践。     

Using fishers' anecdotes, naturalists' observations and grey literature to reassess marine species at risk: the case of the Gulf grouper in the Gulf of California, Mexico

Designing fishing policies without knowledge of past levels of target species abundance is a dangerous omission for fisheries management. However, as fisheries monitoring started long after exploitation of many species began, this is a difficult issue to address. Here we show how the ‘shifting baseline’ syndrome can affect the stock assessment of a vulnerable species by masking real population trends and thereby put marine animals at serious risk. Current fishery data suggest that landings of the large Gulf grouper (Mycteroperca jordani, Serranidae) are increasing in the Gulf of California. However, reviews of historical evidence, naturalists’ observations and a systematic documentation of fishers’ perceptions of trends in the abundance of this species indicate that it has dramatically declined. The heyday for the Gulf grouper fishery occurred prior to the 1970s, after which abundance dropped rapidly, probably falling to a few percent of former numbers. This decline happened long before fishery statistics were formally developed. We use the case of the Gulf grouper to illustrate how other vulnerable tropical and semi‐tropical fish and shellfish species around the world may be facing the same fate as the Gulf grouper. In accordance with other recent studies, we recommend using historical tools as part of a broad data‐gathering approach to assess the conservation status of marine species that are vulnerable to over‐exploitation.     

Identification of the strain-specifically truncated nonstructural protein 10 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in infected cells

The nonstructural protein 10 (nsp10) of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) encodes for helicase which plays a vital role in viral replication. In the present study, a truncated form of nsp10, termed nsp10a, was found in PRRSV-infected cells and the production of nsp10a was strain-specific. Mass spectrometric analysis and deletion mutagenesis indicated that nsp10a may be short of about 70 amino acids in the N terminus of nsp10. Further studies by rescuing recombinant viruses showed that the Glu-69 in nsp10 was the key amino acid for nsp10a production. Finally, we demonstrated that nsp10a exerted little influence on the growth kinetics of PRRSV in vitro.     

Effect of dietary protein levels on growth,feed utilization and carcass composition of endangered bagrid catfish Horabagrus brachysoma (Gunther 1864) fingerlings

An 84‐day feeding trial was conducted to study the effect of different levels of dietary protein, 250 (P25), 300 (P30), 350 (P35), 400 (P40) and 450 g (P45) kg^?1 dry matter (DM) on growth, feed intake, feed utilization and carcass composition of bagrid catfish Horabagrus brachysoma fingerlings. Triplicate groups of fingerlings with mean initial body weight of 2.2 g were fed the experimental diets twice daily, till satiation, in 150‐L tanks supplied with flow‐through freshwater. Daily dry matter intake by the fingerlings decreased significantly (P < 0.05) when fed P25 diet, containing 250 g protein kg^?1. The highest body weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER), and the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) were observed in fish fed 350 g protein kg^?1 diet. The fish fed with P45 diet had the lowest (P < 0.05) carcass lipid content. The polynomial regression analysis indicates that H. brachysoma fingerlings require 391 g dietary crude protein kg^?1 diet.     

PRRSV流行株Nsp2、ORF5和ORF3基因序列的分析

采用RT-PCR方法扩增2006年--2007年从江西、湖南、海南、广东等4省的不同猪场病猪体内分离的11株猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）流行株的Nsp2、ORF5和ORF3基因,并进行序列分析。结果表明,11个PRRSV流行株的Nsp2均发生30个氨基酸的不连续缺失,缺失位置与JXA1毒株相同;11个PRRSV流行株的ORF5、ORF3基因和JXA1相应序列的核苷酸同源性分别为99．2％～99．8％、99．1％～99．6％,氨基酸同源性分别为98．0％～99．5％、98．4％～99．6％;11个PRRSV流行株之间ORF5基因的核苷酸同源性和氨基酸同源性分别为98．8％～100．0oA、98．0oA～100．0％,其中5个流行株的ORF3基因的核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分别为99．0％～99．6％、98．8％～99．69,6。根据Nsp2所建立的遗传系统发育树可知这11个PRRSV流行株与JXA1株的亲缘关系很近。