猪精液冷冻保护剂研究进展

 冷冻保护剂作为精液冷冻稀释液中的添加剂,能防止和减少细胞在冷冻及复苏过程中造成的损伤,确保细胞复苏后有较高存活率。论文就国内外猪精液渗透性和非渗透性精液冷冻保护剂的作用机理、应用进展等研究进行了综述。     

甘蓝型黄籽双低杂交油菜新品种油研九号恢复系5862R的选育

以优良的甘蓝型油菜黑籽双低品系6003和黄籽双低高油分品系408作为基础材料，采用杂交有种程序，经过5年8代（含杂交当代）的连续定向选择，育成了黄籽频率达91.6%-96.2%。含油量46.7%-49.3%，芥酸0.68%-0.14%。硫甙24.6-39.14μmol/g,丰产性与中双4号相当的甘蓝型黄籽双低新品系5862R，并被用作恢复系组配成功一个甘蓝型黄籽双低杂交油菜新品种油研九号，于1998年通过贵州省审定，至2001年秋在长江流域各省已累计示范推广面积达4万公顷左右。     

早胜牛的采精及细管冻精制作技术要点

近年来,伴随我国畜牧业蓬勃发展的同时,为了更大限度的提高母畜的受胎率和充分利用优秀种畜的基因,人工授精技术得到了不断完善和发展,并在全国各地广泛推广和应用。本文结合实践经验总结出的一些技术措施,阐述了对早胜牛这一地方优良种质资源进行保种和开发利用的重要意义,同时指出人工授精技术和低温冷冻保存精液技术在早胜牛上的实践,对于进一步开发利用培育优质高产肉牛新品种,促进肉牛产业高质量发展具有非常重要的现实意义。通过早胜牛种公牛采精的全过程以及细管冻精制作要点的详细讲解,低温冷冻保存精液技术,可更经济、可靠地实现家畜品种资源的保护,让优良基因长时间保存使得后续研究需要得到保障。     

Effects of dietary Tenebrio molitor meal inclusion in free‐range chickens

Insects are currently being considered as a novel protein source for animal feeds, because they contain a large amount of protein. The larvae of Tenebrio molitor (TM) have been shown to be an acceptable protein source for broiler chickens in terms of growth performance, but till now, no data on histological or intestinal morphometric features have been reported. This study has had the aim of evaluating the effects of dietary TM inclusion on the performance, welfare, intestinal morphology and histological features of free‐range chickens. A total of 140 medium‐growing hybrid female chickens were free‐range reared and randomly allotted to two dietary treatments: (i) a control group and (ii) a TM group, in which TM meal was included at 75 g/kg. Each group consisted of five pens as replicates, with 14 chicks per pen. Growth performance, haematological and serum parameters and welfare indicators were evaluated, and the animals were slaughtered at the age of 97 days. Two birds per pen (10 birds/treatment) were submitted to histological (liver, spleen, thymus, bursa of Fabricius, kidney, heart, glandular stomach and gut) and morphometric (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) investigations. The inclusion of TM did not affect the growth performance, haematological or serum parameters. The morphometric and histological features were not significantly affected either, thus suggesting no influence on nutrient metabolization, performance or animal health. Glandular stomach alterations (chronic flogosis with epithelial squamous metaplasia) were considered paraphysiological in relation to free‐range farming. The observed chronic intestinal flogosis, with concomitant activation of the lymphoid tissue, was probably due to previous parasitic infections, which are very frequently detected in free‐range chickens. In conclusion, the findings of this study show that yellow mealworm inclusion does not affect the welfare, productive performances or morphological features of free‐range chickens, thus confirming that TM can be used safely in poultry diets.     

狸獭人工授精的试验研究

对１１只狸獭（Ｍｙｏｃａｓｔｏｒｃｏｙｐｕｓ）用按摩和电刺激相结合的方法人工采精３２只次，成功２７次，成功率８４．４％；射精量为（０．９７±０．１６）ｍＬ，精子密度（７．３４±１．４９）亿／ｍＬ，精子活力０．６５±０．１２，精子畸形率（８．８１±２．５１）％，精液ｐＨ值６．４４±０．１６。对诱排公狸施行输精管结扎术，先后给５只母狸人工输精，每只输精２～３次，在输精后４０～６０ｄ检查，４只受孕，其中有３只顺利产仔，产仔数分别为７只、７只、４只     

猪精液冷冻保存试验效果初报

六种常温保存液对猪精液进行预处理后,再利用三种冷冻液进行冷冻保存试验,研究常温保存液和冷冻液对猪精液冷冻保存的影响及它们之间的配合效应,以冷冻-解冻后精子活力作为评定标准。结果表明:六种常温保存液对冻后精子的影响存在显著差异(P=0.003);三种冷冻保护液对冻后精子活力的影响无明显差异(P=0.585),但与常温保存液之间表现出明显的配合效应(P=0.0001),可能与常温保存液和冷冻液的成分及它们之间的相互关系有关。试验说明所选用的三种冷冻基础液对精子活力的影响不大,但与常温保存液配合后却能表现出很强的影响力;就单独分析两种因素对精子活力影响而言,常温保存液的预处理占主导地位。     

An assessment of yellow perch, Perca flavescens, stocking contributions in eastern South Dakota lakes

The success and value of yellow perch, Perca flavescens (Mitchill), stocking programmes are largely unknown because of the difficulties in differentiating between naturally recruited and translocated stocks. To determine stocking contributions of yellow perch, fingerlings and adults were collected from natural rearing ponds in south-eastern South Dakota. Prior to stocking, all fish were marked for 6 h in transfer tanks containing 700 mg L⁻¹ oxytetracycline hydrochloride. Six lakes containing yellow perch populations were supplemented at low, medium and high stocking densities of about 25, 135 or 200 fish ha⁻¹, respectively. Yellow perch populations were subsequently sampled with experimental gill nets during late summer; two lakes were resampled with additional gears (electric fishing, trap nets and cloverleaf traps). Yellow perch were processed for routine measurements, and saggital otoliths were removed to determine the origin of the fish. Stock contribution estimates determined from gill-net samples for Island (low), Oak (low), Twin (medium) and Wall (high) lakes were approximately 18, 5, 41, and 38%, respectively. Samples from other gears provided stock contributions of 15 and 10% for Cavour Lake and 41% for Diamond Lake (high density stockings). Although these results showed that supplemental stockings were successful, variability in stock contributions among populations indicates a need for further assessment of variables that may influence the stocking success of yellow perch.     

甘蓝型油菜无花瓣黄子品系选育

为选育甘蓝型无花瓣黄子高油油菜(Brassica napus L.)品种,以显性黄子油菜品系06H440为母本,与自育黑子无花瓣品系AP1进行杂交、回交和连续多代自交,不同回交世代群体隔离种植,以无花瓣和黄子性状为选择标记,采用单株选择和混合选择相结合,品质筛选和抗病鉴定相结合,选育出一系列甘蓝型无花瓣黄子油菜品系.这些品系表现出完全无花瓣、黄色种皮、品质符合低芥酸和低硫甙指标、舍油量高、抗菌核病能力较强及可作为亲本配制高产高油杂交油菜品种等多项优良性状.     

影响精液冷冻和人工授精效果的因素

通过对精液冷冻保存的细胞反应原理的阐述 ,指出冷冻保护剂甘油对精液保存具有利弊效应 ,提出精子膜脂组成的差异使得不同品种的精子对冷冻损伤的易感性不同。雌性生殖道解剖结构的品种差异 ,精子形态 ,精子运行机制的细微差异 ,人工授精时间及精子的运行能力 ,采精方式等因素对精液冷冻保存和人工授精的成功有决定性作用。研究精子质膜的生物学特性可解决低活力精子的问题 ,然而这并不能解决冷冻后精子质量的个体差异。对精细胞基因组的研究可以找出这些个体的遗传差异。因此 ,冷冻精子和精原细胞 (用于细胞外注射 )的差异已经成为完整基因组问题。     

石棉脐橙落花落果规律的研究

[目的]为摸清落花落果规律,2008～2009年对石棉脐橙的落花落果进行了观察。[方法]每天统计落花落果的数量,分别计算落蕾落花、第1次生理落果和第2次生理落果率,稳果后,每隔1～15 d调查统计脐黄、裂果造成的落果数量。[结果]不同年份石棉脐橙落蕾落花的开始时间和高峰期不同,落蕾落花高峰期一般出现在落蕾落花开始后的4～5 d,2008年集中在4月中旬,2009年在3月下旬末和4月上旬初;4月21日开始第1次生理落果,于5月下旬结束,持续32 d左右,5月上旬出现落果高峰;第1次生理落果开始后15～20d,于5月中旬出现第2次生理落果,5月下旬出现落果高峰期,不同年份落果持续时间有别。[结论]石棉脐橙落蕾落花率93.4%,第1次生理落果率5.8%,第2次生理落果率0.8%,坐果率为0.48%、脐黄率为57.6%、裂果率为18.5%。