Effects of feeding different levels of corn steep liquor on the performance of fattening lambs

This study was conducted to assess the effect of feeding corn steep liquor (CSL) on in vivo digestibility, ruminal pH, ammonia and hydrolytic enzyme activities, blood metabolites, feed intake (FI) and growth performance in fattening lambs. The CSL is a by‐product of wet milling process of maize starch industry. The crude protein (CP), rumen‐degradable protein (RDP), lactic acid and metabolisable energy contents of this by‐product were 420, 324, 200 g/kg dry matter (DM) and 12.6 MJ/kg DM respectively. Twenty‐seven male Moghani lambs were assigned randomly into three groups of nine lambs each in a completely randomised design. Three iso‐energetic and iso‐nitrogenous diets containing different levels (0, 50 or 100 g/kg dry matter) of CSL were offered ad libitum three times a day. Forage to concentrate ratio of the diets was 30:70. With inclusion of CSL in diet, the contents of canola meal, fish meal, wheat bran, corn grain and sugar beet pulp were decreased. The contents of DM, ash‐free neutral detergent fibre (NDFom), ether extract, starch, Ca and S were numerically lower, but soluble protein, RDP and non‐fibre carbohydrates were greater in the diets containing CSL in comparison with the control diet. The lambs fed with the diets containing CSL had lower [linear (L), p < 0.06] digestibility coefficients of DM and NDFom as compared to those fed with the diet free of CSL. Ruminal ammonia‐N concentration increased (L, p < 0.05), but pH decreased (L, p < 0.05) with raising CSL level in diet. Carboxymethyl cellulase and filter paper‐degrading activities decreased (L, p < 0.05), while proteases activity increased (L, p < 0.05) as dietary rates of CSL increased. Microcrystalline cellulase and ɑ‐amylase activities were similar among the treatments. Within blood metabolites, only urea‐N concentration increased (L, p < 0.05) in the lambs receiving CSL as compared to those fed with diet without CSL. Dietary inclusion of CSL resulted in linear decreases (L, p < 0.05) in the intakes of DM, organic matter, CP, NDFom and ash‐free acid detergent fibre, and average daily gain. However, the feed conversion ratio was similar among the experimental animals. Overall, feeding CSL up to 100 g/kg diet DM in lamb resulted in reductions of rumen fibrolytic microbial enzyme activities, in vivo digestibility, FI and growth performance, but rumen proteases activity increased.     

Effects of grass forage species and long‐term period of low quality forage diet feeding on growth performance,nutrient utilization and microbial nitrogen yield in growing wether lambs

Six growing lambs were used to evaluate the feeding value of two forage‐based diets in a long‐term feeding period by measuring body weight (BW) gain, digestibility, nitrogen (N) retention and microbial N (MBN) yield. The animals were fed imported low‐quality timothy hay (TH) with concentrate diet (THD) or imported low‐quality Italian ryegrass straw (IR) with concentrate diet (IRD) for 9 months. The forages were offered at 2% BW, and concentrate was fed at 40% of forage intake. The BW gain averaged 82.6 and 66.2 g/day for THD and IRD, respectively, without showing significant difference. Average forage intake (% BW) was significantly greater for IR than for TH, although it was not affected by feeding periods. The digestibility did not differ between diets or periods. The numerically greater (P = 0.06) ratio of retained N to absorbed N for IRD than that for THD was prominent. Neither diet nor period had significant effect on MBN supply and efficiency of MBN synthesis. The results suggest that the IR‐based diet can be also used for long‐term periods of feeding to growing ruminant animals as a grass hay‐based diet without any detrimental effects on nutrient utilization and growth performance.     

不同蛋白营养水平精补料对黄渠桥羊羔肉氨基酸含量的影响

试验研究了不同蛋白营养水平精补颗粒料对羔羊生长育肥性能的影响,试验选择出生15 d、体质量在10 kg左右的哺乳羔羊,采用随机分组试验设计,羔羊与母羊钻栏补饲的方法,通过饲喂不同营养水平的精补颗粒料,检测羔羊目标体质量达23 kg左右时,屠宰测定其羊肉氨基酸含量的变化。结果表明:羔羊早期补饲有利于羔羊增重,在羔羊生长到38日龄后,其体质量以试验Ⅰ组增长最快;饲喂不同蛋白水平精补颗粒料羔羊肉背最长肌中蛋白质含量、必需氨基酸含量及其占总氨基酸比例均是Ⅰ组均高于Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组,但组间差异不显著(P>0.05);同一饲养环境下,不同蛋白水平精补颗粒料饲喂羔羊其背最长肌肉中氨基酸风味各有不同,但差异不明显(P>0.05)。结果提示,以补饲颗粒精料粗蛋白18.5%和代谢能11.34 MJ/kg水平组合羔羊日增质量及其背最长肌中蛋白质含量、必需氨基酸含量等优势比较明显。     

羔羊腹泻的发病原因及综合防治探究

羔羊腹泻病传染性强,病死率高,发病无明显的季节性和规律性。新生羔羊常感染该病,并出现明显的腹泻症状。该病诱因复杂,只有弄清发病原因,并采取科学有效的防治措施才能减少或控制羔羊腹泻病。主要对羔羊腹泻病的发病原因进行介绍,以期为广大农牧民和养殖场有效防治该病提供参考。     

Changes in the quality of meat (Longissimus thoracis et lumborum) from Kamieniec lambs during long‐term freezer storage

The aim of this study was to determine changes in the quality of lamb meat (Longissimus thoracis et lumborum), which was vacuum‐packaged and freezer‐stored (?26°C) for 6 and 12 months. The experiment was performed on 12 male lambs of the Kamieniec Longwool breed, raised to 106 days of age. In comparison with fresh meat, thawed meat was characterized by lower ash content, higher pH, greater natural drip loss and cooking loss, and lower scores for taste intensity. Vacuum packaging and low‐temperature storage protected lamb meat against oxidative changes, and alleviated the adverse effects of oxidation on the color, aroma and taste of meat. It can be concluded that freezer storage (?26°C) of vacuum‐packaged meat can help meet consumer demand for lamb meat products in periods when fresh meat is unavailable. However, it should be noted that long‐term frozen storage induces undesirable changes in meat quality, including a decrease in water‐holding capacity and taste intensity.     

Effects of polyphenolic extract from Eucommia ulmoides Oliver leaf on growth performance,digestibility, rumen fermentation and antioxidant status of fattening lambs

To investigate the effects of polyphenolic extract from Eucommia ulmoides Oliver leaf (PEEU) on growth performance, digestibility, rumen fermentation and antioxidant status of fattening lambs, 30 weaned male Huzhou lambs were equally divided into three treatments and fed the basal diet supplemented with 0 (CON), 5 (PEEU5) or 10 (PEEU10) g/kg PEEU. Dietary PEEU supplementation did not affect growth performance and apparent digestibility of nutrients. Compared with the CON group, lambs in the PEEU10 group had lower ammonia nitrogen concentration (p < .01) and acetic acid to propionic acid ratio (p < .05) and higher the molar proportion of propionate (p < .05) in rumen fluid. Ammonia nitrogen concentration (p < .01) and the molar proportion of propionate (p < .05) were affected by an interaction between PEEU and sampling day. Dietary PEEU supplementation at 10 g/kg increased total antioxidant capacity (p < .05), superoxide dismutase (p < .05) and glutathione peroxidase (p < .01) activities in serum and glutathione peroxidase activity (p < .05) in liver and decreased (p < .05) malondialdehyde content in serum and liver compared with the CON group. In conclusion, dietary PEEU supplementation affected rumen fermentation patterns and improved antioxidant status of fattening lambs.     

碱蓬干草饲喂水平对羔羊肌肉及器官组织中矿物元素的影响研究

盐生植物碱蓬是北方盐渍化草地一种潜在的饲料资源,其矿物元素富集的特征增加了家畜采食后的矿物质缺乏和不平衡的风险.本试验重点研究了羔羊日粮中添加0％,25％,50％碱蓬干草饲喂50 d后,对羔羊肌肉组织、心、肝、肾中矿物元素含量的影响.试验结果表明,日粮中添加碱蓬对肌肉组织中钙含量有显著的影响(P＜0.05),随着碱蓬含量的增加,羊肉中钙含量显著的减少;铁含量随碱蓬增加有提高的趋势,而且接近显著的水平,铜含量表现降低的趋势,但统计差异不显著.肝中铁和铜的含量变化也表现出与肌肉组织相似的趋势.添加碱蓬对心和肾组织中的各种矿物元素无显著的影响.因此,短期饲喂碱蓬干草对羔羊组织中矿物元素无明显的不利影响,但长期饲喂应关注动物发生铁过量和钙、铜缺乏的风险.     

新生羔羊奶结症病因分析

新生羔羊奶结症是高寒地区绵羊育种过程中的一种常见病和多发病,本文结合甘肃省绵羊繁育技术推广站甘肃高山细毛羊育种过程中的实际情况,就导致本病发生的可能性原因进行分析,以期为临床有效防治本病提供参考依据,以最大限度降低本病带来的经济损失。     

杜泊、萨福克、无角陶塞特与小尾寒羊杂交肥羔肉质特性的研究

选在相同条件下饲养的杜泊、萨福克、无角陶塞特与小尾寒羊杂交一代及小尾寒羊(公羔、5~6月龄、体重46~48.5kg)共16只,每个处理4只。经屠宰取背最长肌和股二头肌各半制备样品,测定肌肉中化学成分、氨基酸、矿物质和微量元素含量。结果表明:粗蛋白质含量,萨寒F120.8%,陶寒F120.5%,杜寒F120.1%,均高于小尾寒羊(19.6%)。每百克肉中17种氨基酸总量也分别高于小尾寒羊,依次为萨寒F1(20.09g),陶寒F1(19.78g);杜寒F1(19.13g);小尾寒羊(18.42g)。人体营养所需要的必需氨基酸总量分别比小尾寒羊提高8.86%;8.54%和2.16%,其中组氨酸的含量显著高于小尾寒羊(P<0.05);杜寒F1和陶寒F1的蛋氨酸含量也显著高于小尾寒羊(P<0.05)。与风味(鲜味)有直接关系的天冬氨酸和谷氨酸含量也分别比小尾寒羊高。萨寒F1和陶寒F1粗脂肪含量高于小尾寒羊(P<0.05)。杂交肥羔钙极显著高于小尾寒羊(P<0.01),铁、锰、硒含量也显著高于小尾寒羊(P<0.05);而小尾寒羊肥羔肉含锌量(34mg)高于杂交羊;有毒有害元素均未检出。说明肉羊生产的生态环境和饲料条件均能达到绿色食品和有机食品的要求。利用杜泊、萨福克、无角陶塞特绵羊杂交小尾寒羊,杂交羊不仅肉的营养价值得到了提高,而且肉的风味也得到了较大改善。综合评定杂交肥羔肉的营养价值和肉质品质均优于小尾寒羊。     

饲料来源对育肥湖羊生产性能、养分消化及瘤胃微生物组成的影响

为评价日粮粗饲料来源对育肥湖羊生产性能、养分消化及瘤胃微生物组成的影响。选择60日龄健康湖羊公羔(22.9±1.2) kg 120只,根据体重相近原则随机分成4组,每组5个重复,每个重复6只羊,分别以玉米秸秆(CS)、玉米芯(CC)、葵花籽壳(SH)和油菜秸秆(RS)作为粗饲料来源,添加比例均为20%,4组精料配比一致,预试期7 d,正试期70 d。在饲喂的49~55 d,每组选择5只羊采用全收粪法进行消化代谢试验,测定干物质(DM)、有机物质(OM)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和氮(N)的表观消化率。试验结束后,每组选择15只羊进行屠宰,采集瘤胃内容物,提取瘤胃微生物DNA,对瘤胃细菌进行绝对定量。结果显示:1)CS组湖羊干物质采食量显著高于其他3组(P<0.05),且末体重和平均日增重显著高于RS组(P<0.05),其他组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。2)CS和CC组湖羊DM和ADF消化率显著高于RS组(P<0.05),且其OM和NDF消化率显著高于SH组和RS组(P<0.05);SH组湖羊N消化率显著高于RS组,其ADF消化率与其他3组湖羊差异均不显著(P>0.05)。3)CS组和CC组湖羊瘤胃中白色瘤胃球菌和普雷沃氏菌数量均显著高于RS组(P<0.05),而SH组湖羊瘤胃中两种细菌的数量与其他3组湖羊均无显著差异(P>0.05),CS组和CC组湖羊瘤胃中黄色瘤胃球菌和产琥珀酸丝状杆菌数量均显著高于SH组和RS组(P<0.05),4组湖羊瘤胃中反刍兽新月单胞菌数量差异不显著(P>0.05)。结果表明:相较于葵花籽壳组日粮和油菜秸秆组日粮,玉米秸秆组和玉米芯组日粮不仅可以确保育肥湖羊的生产性能,并且有利于纤维分解菌的生存,可促进纤维素在瘤胃中的降解。