Effects of lairage after transport on post mortem muscle glycolysis,protein phosphorylation and lamb meat quality

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of lairage after transport on post mortem muscle glycolysis, protein phosphorylation and lamb meat quality. Two preslaughter animal treatments, transport for 3 h and lairage for 0 h (T3L0) and transport for 3 h and then lairage for 12 h (T3L12), were compared with a control treatment of 0 h transport and 0 h lairage. Data obtained showed that preslaughter transport had a significant effect on lamb meat quality. Loins from lambs of the T3L0 treatment showed higher (P=0.026) pH_{24 h} and higher (P=0.021) pH_{48 h} values, but lower (P<0.001) drip loss and lower (P<0.05) glycolytic potential at 0 h post mortem than those of the T3L12 and control groups. Muscle samples of the T3L0 group showed higher (P=0.046) shear force and lower (P=0.005) b* value than those of the T3L12 group. Muscle glycogen concentration at 0, 2, 4 h post mortem were lower (P<0.05) in the T3L0 group than in control. No significant difference (P>0.05) in most meat quality parameters was determined between the T3L12 group and control, showing lairage for 12 h allowed lambs to recover from the effects of transport for 3 h and resulted in similar meat quality characteristics compared to no transport. Lairage after transport did not affect most meat quality indices in comparison with control, but increased the meat drip loss and b* value of lambs possibly through decreasing glycogen concentration and glycolytic potential.     

绵山羊双羔素提高黑山羊繁殖率的研究

[目的]提高南方黑山羊的繁殖率,增加养殖户的经济效益。[方法]应用绵山羊双羔素(睾酮-3-羧甲基肟·牛血清白蛋白),免疫贵州黑山羊80只和云岭黑山羊275只,开展提高黑山羊繁殖率的试验。[结果]贵州黑山羊试验点试验组产羔率为166.15%,对照组产羔率为143.75%,试验组产羔率比对照组提高了22.40%;云岭黑山羊试验点试验组产羔率为150.98%,对照组产羔率为107.35%,试验组比对照组提高了43.63%。[结论]只要加强南方黑山羊的饲养管理,使用绵山羊双羔素就可以提高繁殖率。     

同日龄不同体重羔羊十二指肠形态功能的比较研究

为了解小肠消化吸收功能对羔羊生长发育的影响,本试验选择60只相同饲养条件、相同断奶日龄(3月龄断奶)的5月龄健康阿勒泰×特克赛尔杂交F1代羔羊为研究对象,从中选择体重大小具有显著性差异的8只羔羊分为大体重组(HBW组)4只,平均体重(37.20±2.80)kg;小体重组(LBW组)4只,平均体重(28.24±3.75)kg。测定两组羔羊十二指肠绒毛组织形态学指标、消化酶活性及其黏膜中钠依赖性葡萄糖转载蛋白1(SGLT1)和葡萄糖转载蛋白2(GLUT2)表达量的差异。结果显示,HBW组羔羊十二指肠绒毛高度、隐窝深度均显著低于LBW组(P< 0.05),而黏膜厚度、绒毛高度/隐窝深度比值差异均不显著(P> 0.05);HBW组羔羊淀粉酶活性显著高于LBW组羔羊(P< 0.05),麦芽糖酶、乳糖酶、蔗糖酶活性均极显著高于LBW组羔羊(P< 0.01),脂肪酶及蛋白酶活性在两组羔羊间均无显著差异(P> 0.05);HBW组羔羊SGLT1表达量显著高于LBW组(P< 0.05),GLUT2表达量极显著高于LBW组(P< 0.01)。综上所述,反刍动物体重增加与十二指肠消化吸收功能密切相关,这些消化酶及葡萄糖运载蛋白的分子生物学上调机制尚需进一步研究。     

Performance and blood parameters when lambs and meat‐goat kids were finished on pasture with and without whole cottonseed (Gossypium hirsutum) supplementation

We evaluated forage production patterns, weight gains and blood parameters when lambs (Ovis aries) and meat‐goat (Caprus hircus) kids were finished on a mixed sward of cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) with (SUP) and without (UNSUP) supplemental whole cottonseed (Gossypium hirsutum; WCS) in a replicated study. Botanical composition and energy/protein ratios of the sward varied with year and with time during the growing season. Swards had greater amounts of red clover relatively early and more cocksfoot later in the season. Suffolk (SX) lambs had the heaviest body weights, Katahdin (KA) lambs were intermediate, and meat‐goat (GX) kids were the lightest at the end of each year. Overall body weight gain followed a trend of SX > KA > GX, and WCS supplementation increased weight gain for all animals by 18%. Only in 2008 did SUP animals have higher blood urea nitrogen levels, which may indicate less efficient use of dietary nitrogen when grazing grass–legume pastures managed for high nutritive value compared with UNSUP animals. Gossypol in WCS did not affect blood packed cell volume between SUP and UNSUP lambs and meat‐goat kids. Suffolk lambs, Katahdin lambs and cross‐bred Boer meat‐goat kids finished on pasture with and without WCS supplementation produced desirable body weights for most ethnic markets in the USA.     

不同杂交组合羔羊产肉性能的研究

利用短期育肥试验研究了无角陶赛特羊不同杂交组合羔羊的产肉性能,结果表明:陶蒙F3公羔平均日增重304.50 g.d-1,比陶寒F3母羔267.50 g.d-1高37.00 g.d-1,两者间的差异显著(P<0.05).经育肥后陶蒙F3公母羔屠宰率分别为50.62%和49.68%,均高于陶寒F3公母羔,陶蒙F3和陶寒F3屠宰率与对照相比差异极显著(P<0.01).陶蒙F3公母羔胴体净肉率分别为77.58%和75.96%.陶蒙F3和陶寒F3大理石纹在3~4之间,剪切力3~4 kg,失水率小,肉质柔嫩多汁.育肥组羔羊与对照组相比每只多获纯利分别是89元和67元,经济效益明显.无角陶赛特羊杂交改良当地现有绵羊品种杂交优势明显,陶蒙F3杂交组合优于陶寒F3.     

早期断奶对中国美利奴羊(新疆型)羔羊血清生化指标的影响

[目的]对早期断奶中国美利奴羊(新疆型)羔羊血清生化指标的测定与分析,研究主要血清生化指标对其早期断奶的影响.[方法]试验分为三组,试验Ⅰ组(40日龄断奶组)、试验Ⅱ组(60日龄断奶组)、试验Ⅲ(对照组),试验组用代乳料在40和60 d早期断奶,对照组随母羊哺乳.测定指标包括: TP、 ALB、GLOB、A/G、SUN、CHOL、GLU、TG、AST、ALT、ALP、LDH、LDL、HDL、Na、K、Cl、TCa、P、Mg.[结果]试验组SUN分别高于对照组4.87和3.9 mmol/L,差异显著(P＜0.05);试验组HDL分别低于对照组0.14 和0.1 mmol/L,差异显著(P＜0.05);试验组AST分别低于对照组17.25和11.8 U/L,差异显著(P＜0.05);试验Ⅰ组CHOL、GLU分别低于对照组0.33和0.51 mmol/L,差异显著(P＜0.05);试验Ⅰ组ALT低于对照组4.22 U/L,差异显著(P＜0.05);试验Ⅰ组Na,Cl分别低于对照组4.63和3.14 mmol/L,差异显著(P＜0.05);试验Ⅰ组Mg高于对照组0.05 mmol/L,差异显著(P＜0.05).试验Ⅱ组LDH低于对照组90.14 U/L,差异显著(P＜0.05);其他相关指标试验组与对照组差异不显著(P＞0.05).[结论]早期断奶提高了中国美利奴羊(新疆型)羔羊SUN含量,显著降低了HDL含量,在一定程度上影响了动物体内蛋白质代谢和氨基酸之间的平衡状况及体内胆固醇的代谢.同时早期断奶降低血清LDH、AST、GOP含量,对于提高机体抗应激能力及缓解肝脏、心脏和肾脏等内脏器官的损伤程度具有重要作用.另外血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性高低反应了生长速度和生产性能.试验中试验组与对照组ALP含量差异不显著,表明早期断奶对于羔羊的生长和发育没有影响.     

添喂谷氨酰胺、丁酸钠对哺乳中后期羔羊生长的影响

[目的]研究精料中分别添加谷氨酰胺和丁酸钠对哺乳中后期羔羊生长性能的影响.[方法]选择35～40日龄体重相近的萨福克和陶赛特羔羊54只,将其随机分为3个处理组,分别为对照组、试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组,每组18只.对照组饲喂常规精料,试验Ⅰ组在常规精料中添加0.5;的谷氨酰胺,试验Ⅱ组在常规精料中添加0.5;的丁酸钠.[结果]试验进行8周后,试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组比对照组平均日增重分别提高39和32g,差异均极显著(P＜0.01);试验Ⅰ组比试验Ⅱ组平均日增重提高7 g,但差异不显著(P＞0.05).[结论]在哺乳中后期羔羊精料中分别添加谷氨酰胺和丁酸钠可显著提高哺乳期羔羊的平均日增重和经济效益.     

细毛羊羔羊超数排卵及体外胚胎生产移植

[目的]研究羔羊日龄、羔羊体重、超排方法、精卵共孵育时间对细毛羔羊超排效果及卵母细胞体外受精效果的影响.[方法]用国产FS3H对4.～9周龄羔羊进行两种超排方法处理,回收可用卵母细胞1 032枚,体外受精后移植受体98只,产羔25只.[结果]不同周龄羔羊只均获卵数和可用卵数之间差异显著(P＜0.05);不同激素方案处理组的发育卵泡两种处理方案在发育卵泡数上无显著差异(P＞0.05),但在回收率和可用卵数上差异显著(P＜0.05);不同体重组只均发育卵泡数和可用卵数之间差异显著(P＜0.05).[结论]4～6周龄的细毛羊羔羊超排获得卵母细胞数目较多;重复超排的羔羊超排效果不理想;同时,将受精液pH值调为7.5 ～7.6,并将精卵共孵育时间控制在22 ～26 h,卵母细胞体外受精及发育效果较好.     

代乳粉对早期断奶羔羊生长及健康状况的影响

研究了代乳粉对早期断奶羔羊生长发育及健康状况的影响,结果表明:(1)美利奴羊饲喂代乳粉对早期断奶的羔羊与对照组羔羊日增质量差异不显著(P＞0.05),波尔山羊饲喂代乳粉对早期断奶的羔羊日增质量显著高于对照组羔羊(P＜0.05),试验组为180.7 g,对照为158.0 g.(2)各日龄阶段美利奴羊、波尔山羊试验组和对照...     

蛋氨酸水平对羔羊体况发育、消化道组织形态及血清抗氧化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究蛋氨酸水平对羔羊体况发育、消化道组织形态及血清抗氧化指标的影响。试验选取12对7日龄断母乳的湖羊双胞胎公羔,采用配对试验设计,分为对照(CON)组和低蛋氨酸(LM)组,1对双胞胎羔羊分到不同的组中。试验分2个阶段进行,第1阶段(8~56日龄),CON组羔羊饲喂基础代乳粉和基础开食料;LM组羔羊饲喂的代乳粉和开食料在CON组基础上分别全部扣除(0.70%和0.40%)额外添加的蛋氨酸,其余营养水平保持一致。第2阶段(57~84日龄),2组羔羊停止饲喂代乳粉且饲粮均为基础开食料。在56和84日龄,各选取6对双胞胎羔羊进行屠宰,分离消化道组织,采集血清样品。结果表明:1)在采食量方面,LM组羔羊对蛋氨酸采食量在8~56日龄、8~84日龄阶段均极显著低于CON组(P0.01),而干物质采食量却均显著高于CON组(P0.05);在体尺指标方面,56日龄,LM组除体重、体斜长、胸围和体长指数显著低于CON组(P0.05)外,其他体况发育指标2组间均无显著性差异(P0.05);84日龄,2组间体况发育指标均无显著性差异(P0.05)。2)56日龄,LM组羔羊的瘤胃乳头宽度显著低于CON组(P0.05),2组羔羊的其他消化道形态发育指标差异不显著(P0.05)。3)56日龄,LM组羔羊血清中超氧化物歧化酶活性极显著低于CON组(P0.01);84日龄,LM组羔羊血清中除谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性显著低于CON组(P0.05)外,2组羔羊的其他血清抗氧化指标差异均不显著(P0.05)。结果提示,饲粮低蛋氨酸水平抑制了羔羊体况(体重、体斜长、胸围、体长指数)发育及瘤胃乳头宽度的增加,同时降低了机体血清中超氧化物歧化酶活性,然而却提高了干物质采食量;提高饲粮蛋氨酸水平后,羔羊体况发育及消化道组织形态发育也随之得到补偿,但机体抗氧化防御系统仍未得到完全改善。