不同断奶日龄羔羊瘤胃组织显微及超微结构比较

试验通过比较不同断奶日龄的湖羊羔羊瘤胃组织结构的差异，特别是瘤胃乳头超微结构变化，旨在为羔羊适宜断奶日龄的确定提供瘤胃生长发育的依据。选择新生湖羊羔羊24只（初生重：2.80 kg±0.08 kg），随机分为3组，每组8只，分别为30日龄早期断奶组（EEW-30）、45日龄早期断奶组（EW-45）和60日龄常规断奶组（NW-60）。在各断奶日龄及75日龄时每组分别屠宰4只羔羊，测定体重及瘤胃空重，计算瘤胃相对重量；采集瘤胃组织进行显微及超微形态学测定。结果显示：①EEW-30组羔羊断奶体重极显著低于NW-60组（P<0.01），而EW-45组与NW-60组断奶体重无显著差异（P>0.05）；75日龄时3组羔羊的体重无显著差异（P>0.05）。各组羔羊瘤胃相对重量与其体重变化规律相同。②光镜下可见：断奶时，EEW-30组瘤胃壁厚度极显著低于NW-60组（P<0.01），EW-45组与NW-60组无显著差异（P>0.05）；75日龄时，EW-45组羔羊瘤胃壁厚度显著高于NW-60组（P<0.05）。断奶时EEW-30组瘤胃乳头较短小，极显著短于NW-60组（P<0.01），EW-45组也显著短于NW-60组（P<0.05）。断奶时瘤胃乳头宽度和面积在3组间差异均不显著，在75日龄时也无显著组间差异（P>0.05）。③扫描电镜观测结果显示：EEW-30组断奶时单位面积瘤胃微乳头（ruminal micro-papillae）数量极显著低于NW-60组（P<0.01），而EW-45与NW-60组间无显著差异（P>0.05）；75日龄时，3组羔羊单位面积瘤胃微乳头数量无显著差异（P>0.05）。上述试验结果显示，断奶时羔羊瘤胃形态结构在EEW-30与NW-60组间差异明显，而EW-45与NW-60组较为接近，瘤胃微乳头状结构也呈相同变化趋势。提示45日龄时断奶较为适宜。     

Failure to induce toxicity in lambs by administering saponins from Narthecium ossifragum

It has been suggested that saponins produced by Narthecium ossifragum (Bog asphodel) may be the direct cause of the toxicity leading to the hepatogenous photosensitivity disease alveld seen in Norwegian lambs. Lambs fed large quantities of freeze-dried N. ossifragum did not develop alveld. Chemical investigations on the freeze-dried material and fresh N. ossifragum showed no difference in their saponin content. These results indicate that alveld is not caused solely by the saponins produced by N. ossifragum.     

梅花鹿肉与绵羊肉在僵直化过程中主要理化性能的比较

通过对鹿肉与羊肉在宰后僵直化过程中保水性、pH值、游离羟脯氨酸、糖原、游离氨基酸等含量的检测及比较发现,鹿肉与羊肉在僵直化过程中各项理化指标变化趋势基本一致.鹿肉失水率、pH值、游离氨基酸含量比羊肉高(P＜0.01);游离羟脯氨酸含量比羊肉低(P＜0.01);巯基含量略高于羊肉,但差异不显著.鹿肉糖原含量略低于羊肉,但差异不显著.     

天然栅栏保鲜技术对冷鲜羊肉保鲜效果的研究

以新鲜羊肉为原材料,壳聚糖保鲜剂和各种材料的包装袋为2层栅栏,研究了天然栅栏保鲜技术对冷鲜羊肉经真空包装后在4℃贮藏条件下色泽、菌落总数、pH值和TVB-N值等指标变化规律的影响。结果表明,2层栅栏保鲜技术比传统贮藏方式更能有效抑制TVB-N值、菌落总数的上升速度,且以质量分数2%为天然壳聚糖保鲜剂涂膜,结合OPP/PETA/PE包装袋真空包装贮藏效果最佳。     

典型草原区牧户羔羊育肥模式研究

为防止草地进一步退化，提高典型草原畜牧业生产能力，根据典型草原牧业生产实际，本文就对羔羊3种育肥出栏方式进行了研究。结果表明：建立人工草地进行放牧育肥或打储饲草进行全年圈养舒饲育肥，羔可快速出，牧户均获得较高的经济效益，同时减轻了草场压力，保护了草地植被。     

Postoperative complications in a lamb after major surgery

INTODUCTION: Anaesthesia in lambs undergoing experimental surgery may develop problems associated with age-related immune incompetency: a postoperative complication in a 3 week old Scottish blackface lamb after spinal surgery is presented. CASE HISTORY AND MANAGEMENT: Both lamb and ewe were in good condition. The ewe was vaccinated against Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium tetani 5 weeks pre-partum. There were no apparent problems with the lamb's intake of colostrum. Pre-anaesthetic medication was intramuscular medetomidine (10 μg kg(-1)). Anaesthesia was induced and maintained with sevoflurane in oxygen. Morphine (0.5 mg kg(-1)), meloxicam (0.6 mg kg(-1)) and ketamine (1 mg kg(-1) followed by 10 μg kg(-1) minute(-1)) were administered intravenously (IV) for perioperative analgesia. Atracurium (0.5 mg kg(-1) IV, followed by 0.17 mg kg(-1) injected when the first twitch of the four, train-of four count was palpated) was used to improve muscle relaxation. The lamb's trachea was intubated and the lungs mechanically ventilated to maintain normocapnia. Intrathecal morphine (0.2 mg kg(-1)), IV meloxicam (0.3 mg kg(-1)) and edrophonium (0.5 mg kg(-1)) were administered before recovery. Operative and initial recovery periods were unremarkable. Three hours after surgery the lamb became depressed. Tachycardia (180-250 beats minute(-1)), tachypnoea (30 breaths minute(-1)), poor peripheral perfusion and cold pelvic limb extremities were present mimicking severe pain, and/or hypovolaemic shock. Analgesics - morphine (total dose 1.3 mg kg(-1)) - and IV fluid therapy boluses - crystalloids (300 mL), colloids (120 mL) and fresh whole blood (60 mL) - failed to ameliorate clinical signs and so the lamb was euthanized 10 hours after surgery. Post-mortem findings supported a possible diagnosis of peracute Clostridium perfringens enterotoxaemia. CONCLUSION: Clostridium perfringens enterotoxaemia should be considered when clinical signs of severe pain and/or hypovolaemic shock fail to respond to analgesics and fluid resuscitation in lambs after major surgery.     

大尾寒羊羔皮品质的研究

本文系统分析了山东大尾寒羊４个年龄组的２４只个体盖皮的主要品质性状。测定表明：毛股粗细为６．３５－８．１３ｍｍ，毛股根部面积为６３．０６－９４．１４ｍｍ＾２；毛股自然长为２．６４－５．９５ｃｍ，伸直长为４．８８－８．５３；毛股弯曲数为２．６０－６．４５个；羔皮总面积为２２６８．００－５２２１．３３ｃｍ＾２，有花面只占总面积的６３．４５％－９０．５６％。中、大毛羔皮，毛股弯曲明显和较明显的均占１００     

绵山羊双羔素提高东北半细毛羊繁殖率的研究

[目的]挖掘东北半细毛羊的繁殖潜能,提高养殖户的经济效益,增加养殖者的养殖积极性。[方法]在黑龙江省七台河市和牡丹江市,应用绵山羊双羔素(睾酮-3-羧甲基肟·牛血清白蛋白),免疫东北半细毛羊267只。[结果]七台河市试验点试验组产羔率为156.39%,对照组产羔率105.75%,试验组比对照组提高产羔率50.64%;牡丹江市试验点试验组产羔率122.95%,对照组产羔率104.38%,试验组产羔率比对照组提高18.57%。[结论]东北半细毛羊的繁殖潜力可以通过绵山羊双羔素提高其产羔率的方式得到很大提升。     

日本落叶松林生长调查研究

对山东药乡林场不同立地条件日本落叶松林分的调查研究表明：日本落叶松在本区生长发育良好，在阴坡或半阴坡海拔650～780m的中、下坡生长最好。     

Risk Factors for Lamb Mortality in Sahelian Sheep on a Breeding Station in Ghana

A retrospective cohort study was designed to examine the effect of sex, season of birth, type and year of birth, and birth weight on lamb mortality. The method used involved analysis of breeding records for Sahelian sheep kept on a breeding station at Pong-Tamale in northern Ghana from 1994 to 2000. The pre-weaning and post-weaning mortalities were 10% (n = 505) and 19% (n = 453), respectively, while the overall mortality from birth up to 12 months of age was 28% (n = 505). Compared to the pre-weaning period, the post-weaning period recorded significantly higher proportions of deaths in male, single-born, lambs born in the rainy or dry seasons, and in lambs with low (<3 kg) or high (> or =3 kg) birth weight. The odds and risks of death for male lambs were about one and a half times those for females at post-weaning. Lambs born in the dry season had significantly higher mortality than those born in the rainy season. Lambs that died by the time of weaning were not significantly different in weight at birth from those that survived. The mean birth and weaning weights of single-born lambs were significantly higher than those for twins. The mean pre-weaning ADG was significantly higher in lambs born as singles compared to that for twins. The season of birth had influence on mean birth weight, with those born in the rainy season having significantly higher weights than those born in the dry season. The year of birth significantly affected birth weight, weaning weight, weight at 12 months and ADG at all stages of the lambs' life. The study concluded that the most significant risk factors for lamb mortality included sex of the lamb, season of birth and birth weight. The last two could be manipulated, to some extent, to reduce lamb mortality.