道塞特、萨福克与阿勒泰羊5月龄杂交公羔肉品质分析

选取5月龄萨福克×阿勒泰(SAF1、SAF2)、道塞特×阿勒泰(DAF1、DAF2)杂交一、二代羔羊与同龄阿勒泰羊(ALT)各3只,对肉品质进行分析。结果表明:5月龄杂交羔羊肉品质得到明显改善,特别是蛋白质、脂肪和氨基酸含量变化尤为明显,且杂交二代优于杂交一代,杂交组合SA优于DA。     

Mammary fibroadenoma in a lamb

A fibroadenoma was diagnosed in the left udder of a 3-month-old female Chios lamb. No recurrence was observed after surgery. Grossly, the tumor had a whitish-gray lobular appearance, and the lobules were interlaced with thin septa. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of proliferating fibroepithelial tissue, including differentiated ducts lined by whorls and interlacing bundles of abundant loose fibrovascular stroma. Immunohistochemistry revealed the ductal epithelium to be positive for pancytokeratin (AE1/AE3) and loose fibrovascular stroma was positive for vimentin and basal cells covering the ductal epithelium of alpha-smooth-muscle actin. Immunostaining for the estrogen and progesterone receptors was negative. A diagnosis of mammary fibroadenoma was made based on the histological and immunohistochemical findings.     

Isolation,Identification and Multidrug-resistant Analysis of the New Sequence Type ST989 Strain of Enterococcus faecium

Gram-positive cocci were isolated from half a month diseased lambs with a fatal infection in a sheep farm in Minhe county, Qinghai province.The clinical symptoms observed were drooping, reduced feed intake, emaciated and fever.The infected lambs died several hours after the disease been observed.Necropsy of two dying lambs revealed that for one lamb, the liver was enlarged and capsule of the liver dropped, and other organs had no obvious changes;For the other one, the organs had no obvious changes.After gram staining, gram-positive cocci were observed from all the samples.Partial Tuf gene sequences of these isolates were amplified and sequenced for species identification, BLASTn conparison result revealed that they had the highest sequence similarity with that of Enterococcus faecium (E.faecium) AUS0085 (99.8%), we thus primarily confirmed that these strains belonged to E.faecium.Antimicrobial susceptibility test indicated that these strains could be divided into two classes.Class 1 was resistant to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, macrolides, tetracyclines, quinolones, rifamycins, lincomycin and clindamycin;Susceptible to chloromycetin and vancomycin.Class 2 was resistant to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, quinolones, rifamycins;Intermediate resistance to erythromycin and roxithromycin;But susceptible to clarithromycin, azithromycin, clindamycin, lincomycin, chloromycetin and vancomycin.Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) based on seven housekeeping genes for E.faecium revealed that E.faecium lby1 strain in class 1 and E.faecium lbg3 strain in class 2 were defined as a new sequence type ST989.Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed the representative strain of these isolates, E.faecium lbg3, was clustered together with E.faecium ST468.The pathogenicity test revealed that E.faecium lby1 and lbg3 strains both had pathogenicity.     

不同品种杂交羊生长性能与屠宰性能分析

旨在筛选最佳杂交组合,为本地肉羊的杂交改良提供科学依据.选用体格、膘情良好的2～4岁哈萨克羊作为母本,以杜泊羊、萨福克羊、湖羊(含FecB基因)为父本,采用人工授精的方法进行杂交组合,分别以杜哈F1、萨哈F1、湖哈F1为试验组,哈萨克羊本品种繁育为对照组,在相同饲养管理条件下各组合分别选取30只羔羊,测定不同品种杂交后...     

Responses to betaine and inorganic sulphur of sheep in growth performance and fibre growth

Sulphur‐containing amino acids (SAA) are essential and usually the first limiting amino acids for growth, milk and wool production. The keratin fibre that grows from epidermal tissue is rich in SAA. The rate of fibre growth and its S content are influenced by the availability of SAA. Betaine is a dietary source for a labile methyl group and actively participates in methionine metabolism by donating methyl groups for the remethylation of homocysteine to methionine. Ruminants are capable of synthesizing SAA from inorganic S sources, and most bacteria in the rumen can use inorganic S to meet their requirements for growth. The objective of this study was to examine whether betaine and an inorganic sulphur supplement could provide methyl groups and sulphur amino acids in a way that growth performance and wool production of ewes and lambs are improved. Treatments performed included betaine supplementation, sulphate supplementation and betaine plus sulphate supplementation with five replications for each treatment. The dry matter intake of the ewes was affected by betaine plus sulphate supplementation (p < 0.05). In the ewes, betaine plus sulphate supplementation increased (p < 0.05) the wool growth rate, wool yield, staple length and wool sulphur concentration, while decreasing wool wax and wool yellowness (p < 0.05). In the lambs, wool growth rate, wool yield, fibre diameter, staple length, staple strength, wool sulphur concentration, wool wax and fibre percentage did not differ (p > 0.05) between treatments. In the ewes, plasma methionine concentration increased (p < 0.05) with betaine plus sulphate treatment. No corresponding difference (p > 0.05) was observed in plasma methionine concentration in the lambs. It can be concluded that betaine plus sulphate supplementation has the potential to change wool characteristics in the ewes, while these compounds were without any effect on growth and wool production of the lambs. Combining the two supplements was advantageous.     

半胱胺对藏绵羊断奶羔羊瘤胃pH值、总脱氢酶及TVFA的影响

试验研究了半胱胺(Cs)对藏绵羊断奶羔羊瘤胃pH值、总脱氢酶及TVFA的影响。将10只(公母各半)80日龄左右、体重平均为(16.00±0.31)kg、装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的藏绵羊断奶羔羊随机分为2组(试验组和对照组),在日粮精料中添加300 mg/(kg·BW)的Cs,隔日添加1次,试验期42 d。正式试验当日及试验第7、14、21、28、35天的7:00、9:00、11:00、13:00、15:00、17:00、19:00、21:00、23:00、1:00、3:00、5:00于颈静脉采血样10 mL,同时采集瘤胃液10 mL,测定瘤胃pH值、总脱氢酶的活性和TVFA。检测结果表明,试验组精料中添加Cs使藏绵羊断奶羔羊瘤胃液pH值升高;血清尿素氮浓度降低,与对照组相比差异极显著(P0.01);瘤胃液总脱氢酶活力提高极其明显(P0.01);整个试验期内,半胱胺对瘤胃TVFA的影响极显著(P0.01)。     

解冻方式对羊肉品质及微观结构的影响

为探究不同解冻方式对羊肉理化品质和微观结构的影响,本研究将冻结的羊半膜肌及背最长肌分别采用室温空气解冻、静水解冻、冷藏解冻、超声波解冻及微波解冻5种方式进行解冻,通过测定相关品质指标,分析各解冻方式对肌肉品质的影响。结果表明,冷藏解冻后羊半膜肌及背最长肌的解冻损失(1.08%、3.10%)、蒸煮损失(21.18%、21.97%)、高铁肌红蛋白含量(36.1%、43.6%)及挥发性盐基氮值(7.02、7.45 mg·100g^-1)均显著低于其他解冻方式(P<0.05),微观结构破坏程度较小;超声波解冻、微波解冻后半膜肌与背最长肌的解冻损失(3.34%、7.01%及7.63%、9.59%)、蒸煮损失(25.54%、26.17%及26.45%、28.46%)高于其他解冻方式(P<0.05);室温空气解冻、静水解冻后两种肌肉的挥发性盐基氮(27.5、21.4及21、23.51 mg·100g^-1)、菌落总数[3.52、3.89及3.46、3.9 lg(CFU·mL^-1)]显著高于其他解冻方式(P<0.05);微波解冻后肌肉纤维发生严重卷曲和断裂。综上,冷藏解冻的羊肉品质较好,这为实际生产中冻结羊肉的解冻方式选择提供了理论依据。     

杉木不同造林方式效益分析

从福建省洋口国有林场引进杉木2代苗木,通过炼山和不炼山2种方式在福建省沙县设立造林对比试验。结果显示：杉木不炼山方式造林比炼山方式造林投资高12.6%;杉木炼山方式造林前期生长比不炼山方式造林快,5a后渐渐持平,8a后不炼山方式造林显著优于炼山造林;炼山造林还导致土壤容重增大,土壤孔隙度降低,土壤变得紧实。     

不同产羔季节细毛羊生产性能比较分析

[目的]研究西北地区不同产羔季节羔羊的生产性能.[方法]以甘肃高山细毛羊为研究对象,研究不同产羔季节对其生产性能的影响.[结果]冬羔公、母羔的初生重比春羔分别提高28.38％和15.10％,冬羔公、母羔断奶体重比春羔分别提高13.58％和5.99％,冬羔公、母羔1.5岁体重比春羔分别提高13.90％和12.97％;冬羔的污毛量、净毛量比春羔高9.72％和4.22％;冬羔的出生成活率、断奶成活率、育成成活率比春羔分别高9.53、12.98和14.43个百分点.[结论]在饲养管理条件较好的地区,冬羔的生产性能高于春羔.