山东省牛场粪污处理现状的调研报告

介绍山东省牛场粪污处理现状,分析养牛业粪污处理中存在的问题,并提出了解决山东省养牛业粪污处理的建议.     

牦牛犊牛全哺乳及育肥试验

根据月龄相近的原则选择60头牦牛犊牛进行全哺乳及育肥试验,研究全哺乳对牦牛犊牛生产发育的影响。结果表明,全哺乳不但能提高牦牛犊牛的体重,而且能提高养殖者的经济效益。     

Comparative changes in water quality and role of pond soil after application of different levels of organic and inorganic inputs

Changes in water parameters were studied in a yard experiment for 7 weeks after application of cow dung at 20, 50 and 100 t ha^?1, poultry manure at 4, 10 and 20 t ha^?1, feed mixture (groundnut oil cake and rice bran at 1:1) at 10, 20 and 30 t ha^?1 and inorganic fertilizers at 100 kg urea+50 kg single super phosphate (SSP) ha^?1, twice this dose (2x ha^?1) and thrice this dose (3x ha^?1). To study the role of soil in the mineralization process, each treatment was divided into two groups – one with and the other without soil substrate. Higher degree of changes in water parameters was observed at higher input levels. Both organic amendment and inorganic fertilization caused significant reduction (P<0.05) in dissolved oxygen and increase in free CO₂, dissolved organic matter, total ammonia, nitrite, nitrate and phosphorus contents of water. Organic inputs significantly decreased (P<0.05) water pH and increased total alkalinity and hardness. In contrast, inorganic fertilization caused a significant increase in pH; alkalinity and hardness increased significantly in the presence of soil, but reduced in its absence. In organic input, presence of soil substrate caused significantly lower value of pH, dissolved oxygen, dissolved organic matter and phosphate‐phosphorus and significantly higher free CO₂, alkalinity, hardness, ammonia, nitrite and nitrate contents, compared with those in the absence of soil, revealing enhanced microbial mineralization in the presence of soil.     

浅谈牦牛杂种优势利用问题

本文简述了我国牦牛业的特殊地位,阐明了牦牛杂种优势利用的几种途径。     

绵羊宿营法防除天然草地灌木杂草研究Ⅲ新鲜羊粪尿对土壤和植物细胞形态结构及生理的影响

采用盆栽试验研究了绵羊新鲜粪尿对植物组织水势、细胞膜透性和细胞形态结构的影响。结果表明 ,在土壤含水量 30 %左右 ,植物无水分胁迫的可能时 ,各处理植物组织水势呈先上升后下降的趋势 ,而对照则呈持续上升趋势。说明绵羊新鲜粪尿加入土壤后 ,土壤溶液浓度升高 ,影响了植物水势。绵羊新鲜粪尿对植物生理影响表明 ,叶片细胞膜透性在 UD处理与对照差异显著 (P<0 .0 5) ,U和 D单处理与对照间差异不显著 (P>0 .0 5)。根细胞膜透性 UD和 U处理与对照差异显著 (P<0 .0 5)。D处理与对照无显著差异 (P>0 .0 5)。植物细胞形态结构显示 ,各处理均无质壁分离现象 ,但 U和 UD处理的皮层细胞出现叶绿体 ,这可能是尿中尿素水解释放的游离氨被植物吸收所致     

对1／2和1／4野血牦犊牛生长发育的观测

１９９４～１９９６年在海南州赛什塘牧场对１／２和１／４野血牦犊牛的生长发育进行了观测。结果：１／２和１／４野血牦犊牛的初生重分别比家牦犊牛提高７．６５％和８．８６％（Ｐ＜０．０１），１／２野血牦犊牛在初生时的体高、体长和胸围比家牦犊牛分别提高３．２１％，５．５７％，５．５１％；６月龄时分别提高９．５６％，１１．４６％，３．５９％；１８月龄时分别提高９．１８％，１７．５５％，７．６４％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

“假黄牛”或“假牦牛”精母细胞减数分裂及精子发生的研究

黄牛与牦牛种间杂交的F3代杂种公牛，精母细胞减数分裂及精子发生的水平，与F1和F2代相比，呈现明显的渐进性改善。但个体间睾丸发育状况及减数分裂与精子发生水平仍有较大差异，且仍能观察到一些异常现象。F3代公牛虽能产生数量较多的精子，但大多仍是畸形或有缺损，这可能是其仍无生育力的主要原因。     

四川牦牛遗传资源的保存和利用

阐述了四川牦牛遗传资源的保存方法和利用途径。这将有助于四川牧区畜牧业的可持续发展     

九龙牦牛体型线性性状研究

对24头九龙牦公牛和252头牦母牛的9个体型线性性状进行主成份和因子分析，牦公牛被提取3个因子，累积方差贡献率达86.407％，分别是：体型综合信息因子、胸宽因子和十字部高－－腰角宽因子；牦母牛被提取5个因子，累积方差贡献率达81.93%，分别是：高度因子、后躯－－长度因子、胸部特征因子、管围因子和胸宽－－尻斜长因子。牦公牛3个因子表达式分值、牦母牛5个因子表达式分值，用于牦牛体型评估，具有较高的选育和经济价值。